Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5: Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning and Landscape Exploitation

1304 Pages·2015·91.41 MB·English

by  Giorgio Lollino

Giorgio Lollino
Andrea Manconi
Fausto Guzzetti
Martin Culshaw
Peter Bobrowsky
Fabio Luino
Editors
Engineering Geology
for Society and
Territory – Volume 5
Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning
and Landscape Exploitation
Engineering Geology for Society
–
and Territory Volume 5
Giorgio Lollino (cid:129) Andrea Manconi
Fausto Guzzetti (cid:129) Martin Culshaw
Peter Bobrowsky (cid:129) Fabio Luino
Editors
Engineering Geology for
–
Society and Territory
Volume 5
Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning
and Landscape Exploitation
123
Editors
GiorgioLollino MartinCulshaw
Andrea Manconi Department of Geotechnical Engineering
FabioLuino BritishGeological Survey
InstituteforGeo-hydrological Protection Nottingham
National Research Council(CNR) UK
Turin
Italy Peter Bobrowsky
GeologicalSurvey of Canada
FaustoGuzzetti Ottawa, ON
InstituteforGeo-hydrological Protection Canada
National Research Council(CNR)
Perugia
Italy
ISBN 978-3-319-09047-4 ISBN 978-3-319-09048-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1
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Foreword
ItisourpleasuretopresentthisvolumeaspartofthebookseriesoftheProceedingsoftheXII
International IAEG Congress, Torino 2014.
Forthe50thAnniversary,theCongresscollectedcontributionsrelevanttoallthemeswhere
the IAEG members have been involved, both in the research field and in professional
activities.
Each volume is related to a specific topic, including:
1. Climate Change and Engineering Geology;
2. Landslide Processes;
3. River Basins, Reservoir Sedimentation and Water Resources;
4. Marine and Coastal Processes;
5. Urban Geology, Sustainable Planning and Landscape Exploitation;
6. Applied Geology for Major Engineering Projects;
7. Education, Professional Ethics and Public Recognition of Engineering Geology;
8. Preservation of Cultural Heritage.
The book series aims at constituting a milestone for our association, and a bridge for the
development and challenges of Engineering Geology towards the future.
This ambition stimulated numerous conveners, who committed themselves to collect a
largenumberofcontributionsfromallpartsoftheworld,andtoselectthebestpapersthrough
two review stages. To highlight the work done by the conveners, the table of contents of the
volumes maintains the structure of the sessions of the Congress.
Thelecturesdeliveredbyprominentscientists,aswellasthecontributionsofauthors,have
explored several questions ranging from scientific to economic aspects, from professional
applications to ethical issues, which all have a possible impact on society and territory.
v
vi Foreword
This volume testifies the evolution of engineering geology during the last 50 years, and
summarizestherecentresults.Wehopethatyouwillbeabletofindstimulatingcontributions
which will support your research or professional activities.
Giorgio Lollino Carlos Delgado
Preface
Notwithstanding the sessions and their respective contributions that have been collectively
groupedundertherubricurbangeology,sustainableplanningandlandscapeexploitation(see
below),inpracticaltermsitisimpossibleandimpracticaltodivorcetheassembledtopicsfrom
the broader relevance of engineering geology. Herein are contained a number of papers that
cover the broadest facets and attributes of the discipline. Although individual papers often
provide case study or site-specific examples for problem solving the implications resulting
from the works are clearly widely applicable.
At its core, this thematic grouping of contributions touches on aspects that literally range
from construction (aggregate/building stones) to destruction (hazards/risk) or from preserva-
tion (geo-heritage/mitigation) to obligation (planning/communication). The managing editors
for these sessions had the privilege to administer the review of a diverse number of sub-
missions representing an equally diverse geographical, sectoral and topical flavour.
Sustainabilityunderliesacommonthreadwithinthesessions.Asastart,werecognizethat
aggregateresourcesremainaparamountconcerntotheprofessionalcommunity.Theclustered
spurtsingrowththatdevelopmentbringsacrosstheglobebringswithitarelevanceregarding
the amount of materials needed and consumed, the technical viability and safety of the
materials used, advances in the evaluation of aggregate suitability as well as the long-term
historyasdefinedbynaturaldecay,recycling,wasteandreuse.Comparableinmanyregardsis
the growing focus on building stones and ornamental rocks that lack the traits of abundance
and accessibility more characteristic of basic aggregate. Dimension stone research and the
associated technical assessment are of paramount importance to our concerns with heritage
issues. Prospection, identification, inventory, assessment and proper resource use planning
effectively crosscut these relationships.
Hazards and associated risks fundamentally touch on virtually all activities linked to
engineering geology. Seismicity in all of its manifestations, whether direct in the form of
ground movement (faulting/shaking) or indirect as evident in landslides, subsidence, lique-
factionortsunamiscanneverbeunderestimated.Inthiscase,theroleofengineeringgeology
is well applied given the necessity by the professional community to identify threats, reduce
risks and mitigate problems. Similarly, both urban and rural environments face challenges
associatedwithfloodandlandslide-relatedhazards.Wherepeoplebuildandwherepeoplelive
arestronglyaffectedbyexposuretosuchgeohazards.Knowingwheretheproblemsexistleads
to proper and efficient monitoring whether remotely or in real-time.
The subsurface attracts special attention for engineering geologists. The importance of
well-documentedapriorimappingisthefirststepinallowingeffectivezonationpracticestobe
applied.Concernswithkarsttopographyandgroundwaterresourcesarejusttwoexamplesof
items that must be taken into account by engineering geologists as communities embark on
full-scale underground development in the move towards new living environments.
Data compilation, information management, access to high quality and reliable results
remains an obligation to practitioners. No matter how much fieldwork and how many labo-
ratory studies are completed, the resulting information must reach those in a position to best
utilize the conclusions. Proper communication of the objectives, work involved, implications
vii
viii Preface
and conclusions of the engineering geology projects and studies need to be directed towards
the proper audience. Uninterpretable maps or jargon-loaded reports do not serve the interests
of society at large. Here, the true measure of success is weighed by the extent of use one’s
work eventually attains.
Broadly, the sessions under the three main topics of urban geology, sustainable planning
and landscape exploitation can be grouped as follows:
(cid:129) Urban geology
– Analysis and control of ground deformations by remote monitoring
– Remote sensing applications for the detection, monitoring, modelling and damage
assessment of critical structures and complexes
– Experiences and potentialities of data-driven modeling in earth science issues
– Mapping urban subsurface for geohazard assessment and risk management
– Complexity in hazard and risk assessment
– Engineering problems in karst
– Landslide and flood hazard in urban areas: assessment, monitoring and mitigation
strategies
– Off-fault co-seismic surface effects and their impact in urban areas
– Surface fault-rupture hazard in urban areas
– Seismic microzonation: input data, methodology and impact on planning
– Geohazard in urban scenarios: forecasting and protective monitoring
(cid:129) Sustainable planning
– Communicating engineering geology with urban planners
– Engineering geology in rural infrastructure planning
– Underground urban development
– Geohydrological risk and town and country planning
– Urban and land planning versus risks resilient management
(cid:129) Landscape exploitation
– Construction materials
– Aggregates—the most widely used raw material
– Building stones and ornamental rocks—resource evaluation, technical assessment, heri-
tage designation
– Aquifer vulnerability and springs/wells protection zones
– Excavation in potentially asbestos-bearing rocks: methodologies for risk evaluation and
safety management
In summary, urban geology focuses on monitoring using remote sensing; data, mapping,
and modelling; and geohazards in the urban environment. Sustainable planning covers com-
munication(withplanners);useofthesubsurface;planninginruralareas;groundandsurface
water risks for planners; and the relationship between planning and risk management.
Landscape exploitation is concerned with mineral extraction; groundwater exploitation; and,
particularly,safetyproblemsassociatedwiththeextractionofasbestos-bearingrocks.Thisisa
varied range of topics but all are important to ensure the well-planned, sustainable and
imaginative development of the areas where most of the world’s people live.
Contents
Part I Keynote
1 Urban Landslides: Challenges for Forensic Engineering Geologists
and Engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
S.F. Burns
2 Large-Scale Thematic Geological Mapping of Moscow Area. . . . . . . . . . . 11
Victor Osipov
3 Remote Sensing Role in Emergency Mapping for Disaster Response . . . . . 17
Piero Boccardo and Fabio Giulio Tonolo
4 Underground Urban Development: An Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Eduardo F.J. De Mulder, C.C. Derk F. Van Ree, and Kenny Wang
Part II Aggregates: The Most Widely Used Raw Material
5 AStudyofFineAggregatePropertiesandTheirEffectontheQuality
of Cementitious Composite Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Revekka Fournari, Ioannis Ioannou, and Dimitris Vatyliotis
6 Assessment of Concrete Aggregate for ASR Potential
by Petrography. The Work Developed by RILEM
TC-ACS (2007–2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Isabel Fernandes, Maria dos Anjos Ribeiro, Helena Martins,
Maarten Broekmans, Ian Sims, Philip Nixon, and Fernando Noronha
7 Environmental Impact and Sustainability in Aggregate
Production and Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
S.W. Danielsen and E. Kuznetsova
8 Contrast Behavior of Sandstone from Mount Nemrut
(Adiyaman-Turkey) After the Accelerated Weathering Tests. . . . . . . . . . . 45
Tamer Topal and Burcu Ertas Deniz
9 The ReAVA Project: Assessment of the Potential Alkali-Reactivity
of Volcanic Aggregates from Azores Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Sara Medeiros, João Carlos Nunes, Tetsuya Katayama, Isabel Fernandes,
António Santos Silva, Vidália Miranda, and Dora Soares
ix
x Contents
10 PotentialReactivitytoAlkalisofPortugueseVolcanicAggregatesfor
Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Violeta Ramos, Isabel Fernandes, Fernando Noronha,
Tetsuya Katayama, Dora Soares, and António Santos Silva
11 Production of Lightweight Aggregates from Phosphate Washing
Plant Sludge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Emna Fakhfakh, Imen Khiari, Walid Hajjaji, Mounir Medhioub,
Fernando Rocha, Alberto López-Galindo, and Fakher Jamoussi
12 Some Variations in Petrography of South African Karoo Dolerites
and the Effects Thereof on Aggregate Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Robert Leyland
13 Environmental Issues Connected to the Quarry Lakes and Chance
to Reuse Fine Materials Deriving from Aggregate Treatments. . . . . . . . . . 71
Sara Castagna, Giovanna Antonella Dino, Manuela Lasagna,
and Domenico Antonio De Luca
14 TheAggregatesfromTunnelMuckandtheirUseasSecondaryRaw
Material: The Case Study of Turin Underground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Rossana Bellopede, David Colaiacomo, Paola Marini,
Pierpaolo Oreste, and Oscar Radis
15 Alkali Aggregate Reaction for Concrete Made with Tunnel Muck:
Experimental Investigations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Rossana Bellopede, Marco Francini, Paola Marini, Alessandra Migheli,
Enrico Moretti, and Pierpaolo Oreste
16 Mix Design Parameters of Restoration Mortars: The Effect
of Aggregate Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Maria Amenta, Ioannis Karatasios, Anna Kalagri,
Pagona Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, and Vassilis Kilikoglou
17 Treatment and Exploitation of Waste Coming
from Quarry Industries: Reuse as Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Giovanna Antonella Dino and Massimo Marian
18 The Effect of Feldspar, Mica and Clay Minerals on Compressive
Strength of Mortar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Atiye Tugrul, Selahattin Hasdemir, and Murat Yılmaz
19 Petrographic Examination of Mortar Bars of Swedish Aggregates
Exposed to RILEM AAR2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Karin Appelquist, Jan Trägårdh, Magnus Döse, and Mattias Göransson
20 Risk Assessment of Swedish Concrete as a Construction Material
in Relation to Naturally Occurring Radiation
from Different Aggregates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Magnus Döse