Table Of ContentEngineering Drug Delivery Systems
Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
Engineering Drug
Delivery Systems
Edited by
Ali Seyfoddin
Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli
Carol Ann Greene
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Contents
Listofcontributors ix
1. Noveldrugdeliverysystems 1
AhmedM.FaheemandDaliaH.Abdelkader
Listofabbreviations 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 SMARTnanocarrier-baseddrugdeliverysystems 2
1.2.1 Mechanismsofnanocarriertransportthroughout
thesystemiccirculationreachingthespecifictarget 2
1.2.2 Typesofnanocarrier-baseddrugdeliverysystem 4
1.3 SMARTextendedreleasedrugdeliverysystem 9
1.4 Noveltechniquefornanocarrierfabrication: microfluidics 9
1.5 Summaryandconclusion 11
References 11
2. Formulationdesignindrugdelivery 17
GhadaZidan,CarolAnnGreeneandAliSeyfoddin
2.1 Introductiontoformulationdesign 17
2.2 Routeofadministration 18
2.2.1 Peroralroute 18
2.2.2 Parenteral route 18
2.2.3 Pulmonaryroute 19
2.2.4 Nasalroute 19
2.2.5 Transdermalroute 19
2.2.6 Implants 20
2.3 Nonbiodegradablematerialsfordrugdelivery 20
2.4 Biodegradablematerialsfordrugdelivery 22
2.4.1 Biodegradablepolymerclassification 22
2.4.2 Mechanismsofdegradation 24
2.5 Materialsurfaceproperties 25
2.5.1 Surfacemorphology 25
2.5.2 Physiologicalfactors 25
2.5.3 Surfaceandinterfacial energies 26
2.5.4 Surfacecharge 26
2.5.5 Mechanicaleffects 27
2.5.6 Adjustingmaterialsurfacepropertiesforspecific
applications 27
vi Contents
2.6 Structuralandbulkproperties 29
2.7 Materialsize 30
2.8 Materialshape 31
2.9 Smartmaterialsfordrugdelivery 31
2.9.1 Temperature-responsivepolymers 32
2.9.2 pH-responsivepolymers 33
2.9.3 Field-responsivepolymers 33
2.9.4 Bio-responsivepolymers 34
2.10 Targetcites 35
2.10.1 Braintargeting 35
2.10.2 Colontargeting 35
2.10.3 Cancertissuestargeting 36
2.11 Conclusion 37
References 38
3. Formulationdevelopmentandcharacterization 43
SeyedehsaraMasoomiDezfooli,LariDkhar,AbbeyLong,Hamideh
Gholizadeh,SoniyaMohammadi,CarolAnnGreeneandAliSeyfoddin
3.1 Fromlabtoclinical trials:differentstagesofdevelopingadrug
deliverysystem 43
3.2 Technologicalaspectsofanoveldrugdeliverysystem 43
3.2.1 Preparationofdrugcarriersbyemulsion/suspension
techniques 43
3.2.2 Microfabricationandmoldingofpharmaceuticals 46
3.2.3 Microfluidictechnologiesfordrugdelivery 47
3.2.4 Solidfreeformfabricationofdrugdeliverysystems 48
3.3 Physiochemicalcharacterizationofdrugdeliverysystems 51
3.3.1 Morphology 51
3.3.2 Physicalproperties 52
3.3.3 Chemicalproperties 53
3.3.4 Stabilityandbiodegradability 53
3.4 Simulatingaphysiologicalenvironmentforinvitrodrugdelivery
studies 53
3.5 Invitroandinvivotoxicitystudies 55
3.5.1 Invitrotoxicitystudies 55
3.5.2 Invivotoxicitystudies 58
3.6 Invivoperformanceevaluations 58
3.7 Correlationbetweeninvivoandinvitrostudies 60
3.7.1 Correlationlevels 60
References 61
Furtherreading 70
4. Nano-andmicroparticlesasdrugcarriers 71
Mo´nicaCristinaGarcı´a
4.1 Introduction 71
Contents vii
4.2 Microversusnanoparticles:physicochemical propertiesfordrug
delivery 73
4.3 Typesofcarriersfordrugdelivery 75
4.3.1 Carriersbasedonlipids 75
4.3.2 Carriersbasedonpolymers 81
4.4 Biomedicalapplicationsoflipid-basednanocarriers 89
4.5 Biomedicalapplicationsofpolymer-basednanocarriers 92
4.6 Finalremarksandfutureperspectives 98
References 99
5. Implantabledrugdeliverysystems 111
IanMajor,SarahLastakchi,MauriceDaltonandChristopherMcConville
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Nondegradablepolymers 111
5.3 Nondegradablesubdermalimplants 115
5.4 Nondegradablevaginalrings 116
5.5 Nondegradableocularimplants 121
5.6 Biodegradableimplants 122
5.7 Biodegradablepolymers 123
5.8 Injectableinsituformingimplants 126
5.9 Bioresorbableceramics 127
5.10 Biodegradablemetalalloys 129
References 129
Furtherreading 146
6. Three-dimensionalprinteddrugdeliverysystems 147
LilithMabelCaballero-Aguilar,SaimonMoraesSilvaand
SimonE.Moulton
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 Directwrite:pressure-assistedsystems 148
6.3 Fuseddepositionmodeling 151
6.4 Inkjetprinting 154
6.4.1 Drop-on-solidinkjetprinting 155
6.4.2 Drop-on-dropinkjetprinting 157
6.5 Summaryandfutureperspectives 159
References 160
7. Intelligentdrugdeliverysystems 163
SepehrTalebianandJavadForoughi
7.1 Introduction 163
7.1.1 Activeandpassivedrugdelivery 166
7.1.2 Hydrogeldrugdeliverysystems 168
7.1.3 Thermoplasticdrugdeliverysystems 171
7.1.4 Microdevicesdeliverysystems 173
7.1.5 Transdermal patchesdeliverysystems 175
viii Contents
7.1.6 Emergingtherapeuticmethodsbasedonimplantabledrug
deliverysystems 177
7.1.7 Summary 178
References 179
8. Polymersandhydrogelstodeterdrugabuse 185
SamanehAlaei,NiloofarBabanejad,RandAhmadandHamidOmidian
8.1 Introduction 185
8.1.1 Prescriptiondrugabuse 185
8.1.2 Routesofabuse 185
8.2 Abusedeterrentformulations 187
8.3 Polymerpropertiesintheabuse-deterrentproducts 191
8.3.1 Thermal 191
8.3.2 Rheological 193
8.3.3 Swelling 194
8.3.4 Mechanical 195
8.3.5 Binding 197
8.3.6 Film-forming 198
8.4 Conclusion 199
References 200
9. Glucose-sensitivematerialsfordeliveryofantidiabeticdrugs 203
MariaSaeedandAmrElshaer
9.1 Introduction 203
9.1.1 Typesandcausesofdiabetes 203
9.1.2 Diabetesmanagement 205
9.2 Needtoredesigninsulindeliverysystems 206
9.3 Glucose-sensitivematerials 207
9.3.1 Glucoseoxidase 207
9.4 Advantagesandlimitationsofglucoseoxidase-basedsystems 212
9.4.1 ConcanavalinA 212
9.5 AdvantagesandlimitationsofconcanavalinA-basedsystems 216
9.5.1 Phenylboronicacid 216
9.6 Advantagesandlimitationsofphenylboronicacid 219
9.7 Conclusion 222
References 222
Furtherreading 227
Index 229
List of contributors
Dalia H. Abdelkader Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology
Department,TantaUniversity,Tanta,Egypt
Rand Ahmad Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
NovaSoutheasternUniversity,FortLauderdale,FL,UnitedStates
Samaneh Alaei Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
NovaSoutheasternUniversity,FortLauderdale,FL,UnitedStates
Carol Ann Greene Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland
University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Ophthalmology,
NewZealandNationalEyeCentre,UniversityofAuckland,NewZealand
Niloofar Babanejad Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of
Pharmacy,NovaSoutheasternUniversity,FortLauderdale,FL,UnitedStates
Lilith Mabel Caballero-Aguilar ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials
Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of
Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital
Melbourne,Fitzroy,VIC,Australia
Maurice Dalton Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology,
Athlone,Ireland
Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli Drug Delivery Research Group, School of
Science,AucklandUniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Lari Dkhar Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland
UniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Amr Elshaer Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC), School of
Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon
Thames,London,UnitedKingdom
Ahmed M. Faheem School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
TechnologyDepartment,TantaUniversity,Tanta,Egypt
x Listofcontributors
Javad Foroughi Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong,
Wollongong,NSW,Australia
Mo´nica Cristina Garc´ıa Unidad de Investigacio´n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog´ıa
Farmace´utica (UNITEFA)-CONICET-UNC, Co´rdoba, Argentina; Departamento de
Ciencias Farmace´uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu´ımicas, Universidad Nacional de
Co´rdoba,CiudadUniversitaria,Co´rdoba,Argentina
Hamideh Gholizadeh Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science,
AucklandUniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Sarah Lastakchi School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical
andDentalSciences,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UnitedKingdom
Abbey Long Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland
UniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Ian Major Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone,
Ireland
Christopher McConville School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United
Kingdom
Soniya Mohammadi DrugDelivery Research Group,School ofScience, Auckland
UniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Simon E. Moulton ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science,
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of
Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital
Melbourne,Fitzroy,VIC,Australia
Hamid Omidian Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
NovaSoutheasternUniversity,FortLauderdale,FL,UnitedStates
Maria Saeed Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC), School of
Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon
Thames,London,UnitedKingdom
Ali Seyfoddin Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Auckland
UniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand
Saimon Moraes Silva ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science,
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of
Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital
Melbourne,Fitzroy,VIC,Australia
