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USAMC ltr, 14 Jan 1972
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HEADQUARTERS, U. S. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND SEPTEMBER 1963
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'0
ENG IEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK SERIES
Tkw Engineering Design Handbook Series is inzended to provide a com21latio= of principles And fundamental data to
supplement experiem in assstng engineers ir the evolution of new designs which will meet tactical and technlcai
needs while also embod)ing riatlsfacto.-y prod.ibillty and mainainability.
ULo.ed .elow are the hlandbooksw.-b hale been publishedor submitted forpublicatioh. Handooke wnh prbLicatlon
dates pr'ior to I August 196Z were published as Z-rerles Ordnance Corps pamphlets. AMC Circular 310-38, 19 .Tuly
1963. redesignated those publications :,a7 06-series AMC pamphIt,- (i.e., ORDP 1:0-138 was redesignated AIACP 706-
138); All new, reprinted, or revised nandbooks are being publr.hcd as 706-series AMC pamphlets.
General and Miscellaneous Subjects Ballistic Missile Series
Number Title Number Title
106 Elements of Armament Engineering, Part One, Z81(S-RD) Weapon System Effectiveness (U)
Sources of Energy 282 Propulsion and Propellants
107 Eleents of Armament Engineering. Part Two, 284(C) Trajectories (U)
Ballistics Z86 Structures
108 Elements of Armimenl Engineering, Part Three,
Weapon Systems and Components Ballistics Sries
lie Experimental Statistics, Section 1, B.sic Con- 140 Trajectories, Differential Effects, and Data
cepts and Analysis of Measurement Data for Projectiles
III Experimental Statistics, Section Z, Analysis of 160(5) Elements of Terminal Ballistics, Part One,
Enumerative and Classificatory Data Introduction, Hill Mechanisms. and
112 Experimental Statiytics, Section 3, Planning and Vulnerability (U)
Analysis of Comparative Experiments 161(S) Elements of Terminal Ballistics, Part Two,
113 Experimental Statistics, Section 4, Special Collection and Analysis of Data Concern-
Topics i=g Targets (U)
114 Experimental Statistics, Section 5, Tables 162(5-RD) Elements of Terminal Ballistics, Part Three,
134 Maintenance Engineering Guide for Ordnance Application to Aissile and Space Targets(U)
Design
135 Inventions, Pztents, and Related Matters (Xrriages and Mounts Series
136 Servomechaennsm, Section 1, Theory 341 Cradles
137 Servomechanisms, Section 2, Measurement 34, Rectil Systems
and Signal Converters 343 Top Carriages
138 Servomechanisms, Secd-n,3, Amplification 344 Bottom Car iages
139 Servomechanisms, Section 4, Power Elemento 345 Equilibrators
and System Design 346 Elevating Mechanisms
17G(C) Armor and Its Applicatim to Vehicles (U) 347 Traversing Mechanisms
270 Propellant Actuated Devices
290(C) Warheads--Genera. (U) Materials Handbooks
331 Compensating Elements (Fire Control Series) 301 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloyc
355 he Automotive Assembly (P.Atomotive Series) 302 Copper and Copper Alloys
j 303 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
Ammunition and Exploclves Series 305 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
175 Solid Propellants, Part One 306 Adhesives
176(C) Solid Propellants, Part Two (U) 3C7 Gasket Materials (Nonmetallic)
177 Properties of Explosives of Military Interest, 308 Glass
Section 1 309 Plastics
1781C) Properties of Explosives of Military Interest, 310 Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials
Section 2 (U) 311 Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Metals
21Z0 Fuzes, General and Mechanical
211(C) Fuzes. Proximity, Electrical, Part One (U) Surface-to-Air Missile Series
212(S) Fuzes, Proximity, Electrical, Part Two (U) 291 Part One, Syttem integration
213(S) Fuzes, Proximity, Electrical, Part Three (U) 292 Part Two, Weapon Control
214(S) Fuzes, Proximity. Electrical, Part Four (U) 293 Part Three, Computers
215(C) Fuzes, Proximity, Electrical, Part Five (U) 294(5) Part Four, Mibsile Armament (U)
244 Section 1, Artillery Ammunition--General, 295(S) Part Five, Countermeasures (U)
with Table of Contentq Glossary and 296 Part Six, Structures and Power Sources
Index for Series 297(S) Part Seven, Sample Problem (U)
245(C) Section 2, Design for Terminal Effects (U)
~acte2r4i6s ticsSection 3, Design for Control of Flight Char-
247(C) Section 4, Design for Projection (U)
248 Section 5, Inspection Aspects of Artillery
Ammunition Design
249(C) Section 6, Manufacture of Metallic Cornponenta
of Artillery Ammunition (U)
V
t 0
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______- -*HEADQUARTERS
s SlILUNITED) STATES ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
S L. L1,uML g WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
30 September 1963
AMCP 706-286, Structures, forming part of the Ballistic Missile
Series of the Army Materiel Command Engineering Design Handbook
Series, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned.
(AHCRD)
FOR THE COMY14DER:
SELWYN D. SMIT , JR.
Major General, USA
Chief of Staff
')FFICIAL:
-
R. 0. DAYONC ..
qp
Colonel,
Chief, Adiistrative Office
DISTRIBUTION: Special
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WOEACE
"-Tish andbook has been prepared as one of a series on the design of
ballistic missiles. It presevis selected data on the properties of materials
of construction including the effects of elevated temperatures and other
operational conditions on ballistic missile structures. ParticuJar attention
has been given to the stress analysis of thin shells. in addition the special
design considerations applicable to ballistic missile structures are discussed..
The handbook was prepared for the Office of Ordnance Res'-:cn,
Ordnance Corp3, U. S. Armyn. The text and illustrations were prepared by
Vitro Laboratories under contract with Duke University, wvth the technical
assistance of Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the Special Projects
Branch of Navy Bureau of Ordnanve.
4!l
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STRUCTURES
CONMEtTS
Chapt7.- Page
1- . P urpcse and Scope ...................... ...............1........
1-2. Ballistic Missile Structural Considerations ----.......2..
1-3. Elevated Temperature Effeci ...-..... . 3
2 Properties of Materia . ....... ..... .... .. .. 7
2-1. Mechanical Behavior ..... .........--------.. 7
2-2. Creep e ior ................ . 11
2-3. Heat Transfer -... ....... . 13
2-4. Selcted Data an Properties of Materials of Construc-
tion ---- 16
2-5. References and Bibliography ............-.......3.8....................
3 Stress Analysis- .. - .. --- ---- --- 41
3-1. General Considerations ........................4.1......................
3-2. Stresses and Deformations in Thin Shells Under Uni-
form Internal Pressure ............. .................. ...4 1
3-3. Disccntinuit Stresses in Thin Sheis 42
3-4. Buckling of Thin Circular Cylindrical Sheic 44
35. Buckling of Thin Spherical Shells .... 46
3-6. Thermal Stresses .............-................. 46
3-7. Thermal "Buckling ... 48
3-8. Creep Effects .................. 5i
3-9. References and Bibliography............ 55
4 Design Considerations ............................... 57
4-1. General Comments .................-............... ....5.7.....
4-2. Aerodynamic Influence on External Configuration .. 57
4-3. Aerodynamic Heating ............................ 58
4-4. Design for Applied Loads .....-.. ....._.....-................6.2..
4-5. Structural Failure .......................- . ....... ... ......66....
4-6. Time and Temperature Dependence of Design Criteria 69
4-7. Miscellaneous Factors Affecting Structural Design ....7.0.
4-8. References and Bibliography .........-..........73.....................
11 7' ndex ...... --_ _. .. .............. 75
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STRUCTURES
-
LST OF ILLUS1 T1ONS
Figure T;tle Page
2-1. Typical Tensile Stress-Strain Diagrams for Steel and
Aluminum Alloys 8
2-2. DtAtortion of an Element by Normal and Shear Strains 9
2-3. Fatigue Leading and Typical Stress-Cycles to Fa~iure
(S-N) Curve .... -. 11
2-4. Typical Presentation of Creep Dat . 12
I
2-5. Effect of Temperature on Modulus of Elasticity for Sev-
eral Typical Materials.-_ _
2-6. Effect of Temperature on Yield Stress for Sevewal Typi-
cal Materials 26
2-7. Effect of Temperature on W21ght-Strength Ratio for
Several Typiczl Mterials- .... 27
2-8. Effect of Temperature on Cost-Stren th Ratio for 1ev-
eral Typical Materials- _ _ 23
2-9. Compressive Stress-Strain Curves for 2024-T3 Alu-
minum A31o. Clad Sheet Stock at Various Tempera-
tures--.. 28
) 2-10. Compressive Stress-Strain Curves for 17-7 PH (TH
950) Stainless Steel Sheet Stock at Various Tempera-
..
tures . ... .....---- 29
-11. Tangent bodulus Curves for 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy
Alcad Sheet in Compression.............. ... 29
2-12. Stress for 0.2" Creep-Set of X2020-T6 and 2024-T6
Aluminum Alloys as a Function of Time and Tem-
perature .............................-........ ... .. ..... 30
2-1.. Rupture Stress for 2024-T6 Aluminum Alloy as a Func-
tion of Time and Temperature ---.......---------------........ 30
2-14. Stress-Rupture and Creep Characteristics of X2020
Aluminum Alloy at 300F ......................................... 31
2-15. Tension Creep Curves for 2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy.. 32
2-16. Creep Rate and Time to Rupture Curves for 3S-H18
Aluminum Alloy .................... _............................. .... 33
2-17. Master Creep Curves for 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy
Clad Sheet Stock .............................. ........................ . 34
2-18. Fatigue Properties of 2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy (Ex-
truded Bar) at Elevated Temperatures ..... --..-..-..- -- 34
2-19. Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials .................. 35
2-20. Specific Heat of Selected Materials................................... 36
2-21. Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for Several
M aterials. .................................................... .... ......... 37
Qt
Vf
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$VflUCTIJRES
IST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (WCmtised).
Figure Title Page
3-1. Theoretical Deformations of Pressure Vessel under
Membrane Stresses Alone-.... 42
3-2. Deforn-ations of Thin Circular Cylindrical Shell under
Beriding Stresses 42
3-3. Determination Of Tangent Modulus and Secant Modu-
lus from Stress-Stfain r 46
3-4. Bar Heated between Two Insulated Walls 47
3-5. Assumed Temperature Distribution in Long Rectan-
gular Flat Plate 47
3-6. Ring Frame with Temperature 'Varying Linearly
through Depth 48
3-7. Ring-Reinforced Circular Cylindrical Shell ----- 49
3-8. Simply Supported Plate Subjected to Thermal Stresses
in One Direction .. . . . . 49
3-9. Assumed Stress Distribution in Rectangular Flat Plate
with Free Edges ... 50
3-10. Tensile Creep Curve ... 51
3-11. Deflected Column 53
3-12. Stress-Strain Curve at Elevated Temperature ... 54
4-1. Effects of Aerodynamic Heating on Model Nose Cone,
Stagnation Temperature 1995OR ------- 59
4-2. Effects of Aerodynamic Heating on Model Nose Cone,
Stagnation Temperature 2030'R -................ 59
-3, Tank Section, Jupiter Missile ....-.................-----------. 4
4-4. Top Section, Redstone Missile ...................-.................. 65
v
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STR UCTURES
LST OF TABLES
Tabie Title Page
1-1. Principal Notations ____I__1
2-1. Mechanical Properties of Some Typical Alloy Steels.. 18
2-2. Mechanical Properties of Some Typical Aluminum Al-
Ioys..__ 19
2-3. Mechanical Properties of Some Typical Alloys of Mag-
nesium, MlyJbeenum, and Niobium 20
2-4. Mechanical Pioperties of Titanium and Some of its Typ-
ical AllIoIyb 21
j 2-5. Mechanical Propertien of Some Typical Cermets, Metallic
Refractorie and Ceramics .21
2-6. Physical Properties of Some Typical Materials ------ 22
2-7. Approximate Costs of Structural Materials (1955)______ 23
2-8. Mechanical Properties of 2024-T6 Aluminum Alloy Prod-
ucts at Varicus Temperatures and after Heating .-....... 24
4-1. Weight Breakdown for Redstone A Missile ---------. 72
vii
