Engineering computations: international journal for computer-aided engineering and software. Vol. 22, No. 5/6, Engineering structures: nonclinical analysis optimal design and identification

259 Pages·2005·5.49 MB·English

by  Adnan Ibrahimbegovic

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ISBN 1-84544-163-X ISSN 0264-4401
Volume 22Number 5/6 2005
Engineering
Computations
International journal for
computer-aided engineering
and software
Engineering structures: nonlinear
analysis, optimal design and
identification
Guest Editors: Professor Adnan Ibrahimbegovic´
and Professor Boštjan Brank
www.emeraldinsight.com
Engineering Computations ISSN 0264-4401
Volume 22
International Journal for Computer-Aided
Number 5/6
Engineering and Software 2005
Engineering structures: nonlinear analysis,
optimal design and identification
Guest Editors
Professor Adnan Ibrahimbegovic´and Professor Bosˇtjan Brank
Access this journal online_________________________ 483
CONTENTS
Editorial advisory board __________________________ 484
Editorial _________________________________________ 485
Identification strategy in the presence of corrupted
measurements
O.Allix,P. Feisseland H.M.Nguyen_______________________________ 487
Constrained finite rotations in dynamics of shells
and Newmark implicit time-stepping schemes
Bosˇtjan Brank,SaidMamouriand
AdnanIbrahimbegovic´__________________________________________ 505
Saint-Venant multi-surface plasticity model in strain
space and in stress resultants
J-B. Colliat,A. Ibrahimbegovic´andL.Davenne_______________________ 536
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CONTENTS Prediction of crack pattern distribution in reinforced
concrete by coupling a strong discontinuity model of
continued
concrete cracking and a bond-slip of reinforcement
model
Norberto Dominguez,Delphine Brancherie, Luc Davenneand
AdnanIbrahimbegovic´__________________________________________ 558
On numerical implementation of a coupled rate
dependent damage-plasticity constitutive model for
concrete in application to high-rate dynamics
GuillaumeHerve´,Fabrice GatuingtandAdnanIbrahimbegovic´ _________ 583
Shape optimization of two-phase inelastic material
with microstructure
AdnanIbrahimbegovic´,Igor Gresˇovnik,DamijanMarkovicˇ,
Sergiy Melnyk andTomazˇRodicˇ__________________________________ 605
Parameterization based shape optimization: theory
and practical implementation aspects
Marko Kegl___________________________________________________ 646
Multi-scale modeling of heterogeneous structures
with inelastic constitutive behaviour:
part I – physical and mathematical aspects
DamijanMarkovic, Rainer Niekamp, AdnanIbrahimbegovic´,
Hermann G.Matthies andRobert L.Taylor_________________________ 664
Some aspects of 2D and/or 3D numerical modelling
of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures
PavaoMarovic´,ZˇeljanaNikolic´andMirela Galic´_____________________ 684
Coupling FEM and BEM for computationally
efficient solutions of multi-physics and multi-domain
problems
Boris Sˇtokand NikolajMole _____________________________________ 711
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EC EDITORIALADVISORYBOARD J.C.Nagtegaal
Hibbit,Karlsson&SorensonInc.,RhodeIsland,USA
22,5/6
A.K.Noor
J.E.Akin OldDominionUniversity,NASALangleyResearchCentre,
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringandMaterialsScience, Hampton,Virginia,USA
RiceUniversity,Texas,USA
J.T.Oden
S.N.Atluri EngineeringMechanics,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,
ComputationalModelingCenter,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology, Austin,Texas,USA
Georgia,USA
R.Ohayon
484 Z.P.Bazˇant ChairofMechanics,ConservatoireNationaldesArtsetMe´tiers,
ProfessorofCivilEngineering,NorthwesternUniversity,Illinois, Paris,France
USA E.On˜ate
T.Belytschko UniversidadPolite´cnicadeCatalun˜a,Barcelona,Spain
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,NorthwesternUniversity, M.Ortiz
Illinois,USA GraduateAeronauticalLaboratories,CaliforniaInstituteof
P.G.Bergan Technology,Pasadena,California,USA
A.S.VeritasResearch,Hovik,Norway D.Peri(cid:1)cc
P.Bettess DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofWales,Swansea,
UniversityofDurham,UK UK
P.Pinsky
J.C.BruchJr
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,StanfordUniversity,California,
DepartmentofMechanicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,
USA
UniversityofCalifornia,California,USA
C.V.Ramakrishnan
C.L.Chenot IndianInstituteofTechnology,NewDelhi,India
CentredeMiseenformedesMate´riaux,Valbonne,France
E.Ramm
Y.K.Cheung Universita¨tStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofHongKong,
F.G.Rammerstorfer
HongKong
Universita¨tWien,ViennaAustria
R.deBorst J.N.Reddy
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,DelftUniversityofTechnology, DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity,
Delft,TheNetherlands Texas,USA
C.S.Desai B.Schrefler
DepartmentofCivilEngineering&EngineeringMechanics,The InstitutodiScienzaeTecnicadelleCostuzioni,DellUniversita`
UniversityofArizona,Arizona,USA degliStudidiPadova,Padova,Italy
R.H.DoddsJr S.W.Sloan
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofIllinois,atUrbana- DepartmentofCivil,SurveyingandEnvironmentalEngineering,
Champaign,Illinois,USA UniversityofNewcastle,NewSouthWales,Australia
E.N.Dvorkin I.M.Smith
CenterforIndustrialResearch,BuenosAires,Argentina UniversityofManchester,Manchester,UK
C.A.Felippa E.Stein
UniversityofColorado,Colorado,USA Institutfu¨rBaumechanikandNumeru¨rischeMechanik,
Universita¨tHannover,Hannover,Germany
M.Geradin
Universite´deLie`ge,Lie`ge,Belgium R.L.Taylor
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,
J.O.Hallquist
California,USA
LivermoreSoftwareTechnologyCorporation,California,USA
B.H.V.Topping
T.J.R.Hughes Civil&OffshoreEngineering,Heriot-WattUniversity,Edinburgh,
DivisionofMechanicsandComputations,StanfordUniversity, UK
California,USA
L.T.Watson
A.Ibrahimbegovic DepartmentsofComputerScienceandMathematics,Virginia
EcoleNormaleSuperieuredeCachan,Cachancedex,France PolytechnicInstitute&StateUniversity,Virginia,USA
A.R.Ingraffea N.P.Weatherill
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NewYork,USA DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityCollegeofSwansea,
D.W.Kelly Swansea,UK
TheUniversityofNewSouthWales,NewSouthWales,Australia K.Willam
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofColorado,
B.H.Kro¨plin
Colorado,USA
Universita¨tStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany
J.R.Williams
P.Ladeveze DepartmentofCivilEngineering,MassachusettsInstituteof
LaboratoiredeMe´caniqueetTechnologie,Cachan,France Technology,Massachusetts,USA
J.Mackerle E.L.Wilson
EngineeringComputations: DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,LinkopingInstituteof DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofColorado,
InternationalJournalfor Technology,Linkoping,Sweden Colorado,USA
Computer-AidedEngineeringand H.Mang P.Wriggers
Software TechnicalUniversityWien,Vienna,Austria Institutfu¨rMechanik,Darmstadt,Germany
Vol.22No.5/6,2005
p.484 Z.Mroz G.Yagawa
#EmeraldGroupPublishingLimited InstituteofFundamentalTechnologicalResearch,Warsaw, DepartmentofNuclearEngineering,UniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,
0264-4401 Poland Japan
Editorial Editorial
Engineering structures:
nonlinear analysis, optimal
485
design and identification
This special issue of International Journal for Engineering Computations contains
extended versions of the papers first presented by several invited speakers at the
NATO-sponsored advanced research workshop on “Multi-physics and multi-scale
computer models in non-linearanalysis and optimal design of engineering structures
underextremeconditions”,whichwasheldinBled,Slovenia,from13to17June2004.It
alsofeaturesacoupleofpaperscontributedbyyoungresearchers,whoallmadeshort
presentations of their research works at that meeting. The collected papers seek to
present the most recent research achievements on this currently very active research
topic,andarethereforeconsideredtobemoresuitableforascientificjournalthanfora
book-like presentation of keynote lectures, which was already published
(Ibrahimbegovic and Brank, 2004). We are grateful to our colleague (and one of the
keynote lecturers at the NATO-ARW in Bled) Professor D.R.J. Owen, the Editor of
International Journal for Engineering Computations, for kindly providing us an
opportunity to gather all those contributions in the presentspecial issue.
The kind of questions, which were raised herein and discussed thoroughly, are
ratherdiverse,justasonecanexpectfortheresearchfieldasrichandasactiveasthe
oneofengineeringstructures.Whenattemptingaroughclassificationofthepublished
papersthatcouldhelptoguidepotentialreaders,wecanrecognizethecontributionson
nonlinearstructuralanalysis,onoptimaldesignofstructuresandmicrostructures,as
wellasonthestructuralparametersidentification.Withsuchawidescopeofpapers’
contents,ratherthanlookingforsome“logical”orderwhichwaslikelytobesomewhat
biased by our own personal preference, we choose to simply present the papers in
alphabeticalorderoffirstauthors’names.Therefore,westarttheissuewiththepaper
byAllixandco-workersondevisingacomputationalstrategyfortheidentificationof
structural properties obtained from dynamic testing in the presence of corrupted
measurements,followedbythepaperbyBrankandcollaboratorsondynamicsofshell
structuresatfiniterotationsandimplicittime-steppingschemes;nextisthepaperby
Colliatetal.ondevelopmentofconstitutivemodelineitherstrainspaceofthespaceof
stress resultants with applications to limit load analysis of brittle cellular structures
under high temperatures, followed by the paper of Dominguez et al. on modeling the
inelasticbehaviorofstructuresbuildofthemostclassicalofallcompositematerials –
reinforced concrete, where one can take into account all the potential failure modes
related to either concrete, steel or bond-slip; the paper of Herve´ et al. extends further EngineeringComputations:
InternationalJournalfor
this line of developments by considering yet more elaborate model for inelastic Computer-AidedEngineeringand
constitutive behaviorof concrete in highrate dynamics; the paper of Ibrahimbegovic Software
Vol.22No.5/6,2005
and co-workers provides a strategy for optimal design of microstructures with a pp.485-486
qEmeraldGroupPublishingLimited
particular emphasis on two-phase material and phase interface shape optimization;
0264-4401
EC the paper of Kegl also considers shape optimization problem, but directly at the
22,5/6 structural level; the paper of Markovic and collaborators provides a computational
procedure for multi-scale analysis of inelastic behavior of heterogeneous structures
and its parallel computer implementation; the paper of Marovic and co-workers
presents numerical models for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures with
special emphasis on handling presterssing tendons and reinforcing bars; finally, the
486 paper ofStok andMoledraws onafruitfulcombinationof thefinite element and the
boundary element methods to deal with modeling of multi-physics problem of
engineering structure with itssurrounding environment.
Rather than elaborating some more on the main points brought forward in each
paper,we invite the readers of the Journal to do their own explorations. With a wide
varietyoftopicsbeingaddressedinthisspecialissue,wedohopethatourgoalwillbe
achieved in ensuring that each reader finds at least one of the topics of a particular
interest. We would like to thank all the authors of the special issue for their
contributions to this goal.
Adnan Ibrahimbegovic´ and BostjanBrank
Guest Editors
Reference
Ibrahimbegovic, A. and Brank, B. (2004), “Multi-physics and multi-scale computer models in
nonlinear analysis and optimal design of engineering structures under extreme
conditions”ProceedingsNATO-ARW,Bled,Slovenia,12-17June,IOSPress.
TheEmeraldResearchRegisterforthisjournalisavailableat Thecurrentissueandfulltextarchiveofthisjournalisavailableat
www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister www.emeraldinsight.com/0264-4401.htm
Identification strategy Identification
strategy
in the presence of corrupted
measurements
487
O. Allix, P. Feissel and H.M. Nguyen
Laboratoire de Me´canique et Technologie, ENS Cachan, Cachan, France
ReceivedNovember2004
RevisedDecember2004
AcceptedDecember2004
Abstract
Purpose–Toproposeanddevelopanidentificationmethodofmaterialparametersfromdynamics
testinthepresenceofextensivelycorruptedmeasurements.
Design/methodology/approach–Themethodwepropose,whichisbasedontheuseoftheerror
inconstitutiverelationforidentificationproblemsintheframeworkoftransientdynamics,leadsto
nonstandardwavepropagationproblems.Forsolvingthisnumericaldifficulty,weusedthetransition
matrixmethodforshort-durationtestsandthecombinedRiccaticonstant/transitionmatrixapproach
forlong-durationtests.
Findings–Anumericalstrategyadaptedtotheproblem.Resultsobtainedappearstobeinsensitive
toperturbationofmeasurementsuptoaveryhighlevelofperturbation.
Researchlimitations/implications–Onlysimplecaseofelasticbarhavebeentreatedsofar.
Originality/value–Withoutanyaprioriinformationonthelevelofperturbation,thismethodis
robust with respect to the perturbation. A coupling of two resolution methods allows to deal with
problemofarbitraryduration.
KeywordsDynamics,Identification,Measurement
PapertypeResearchpaper
1.Introduction
Thisworkwasundertakeninthecontextoftheidentificationofadynamicdamagemodel
for the prediction of the rupture of composite crash absorbers. The identification tests
which were conducted made use of a system derived from a split Hopkinson bar
apparatus.Thedataobtainedfromthosetests,i.e.thevelocitiesandtheforcesattheends
ofthespecimen,werenon-reproducibleandhighlyscattered.Therefore,wehadtoseekan
identificationstrategywhichwouldbeasinsensitiveaspossibletosuchscattering.Inthis
case,contrarytootherexperimentalsituations,thereisnoaprioriinformationavailableon
the nature or on the level of the perturbation, which is why we designate these
uncertaintiesascorruption.Thisalsoexplainswhywewereaprioriunabletorelyona
Tikhonovregularizationapproach(TikhonovandArsenin,1977;AndrieuxandVoldoire,
1995)oronaKalmanfilterapproach(Kalman,1960;CoriglianoandMariani,2003).
The method proposed here was developed specifically to deal with this context of
highly scattered measurement results. It is based on the concept of modified error in
constitutiverelation(Ladeve`ze,1998).Thisconcepthasbeenproventobeeffectivein EngineeringComputations:
the case of vibrations. Its principle consists in splitting experimental as well as InternationalJournalfor
Computer-AidedEngineeringand
theoretical quantities into two groups: the reliable quantities and the less reliable Software
quantities.Then,thelessreliableconditionsarerelaxedandverifiedglobally,atbest, Vol.22No.5/6,2005
pp.487-504
throughout the identification strategy. This approach was extended to transient qEmeraldGroupPublishingLimited
0264-4401
dynamicsinAllixetal.(2003)andFeissel(2003)andappearstobeveryrobustfroman
DOI10.1108/02644400510602989
EC identificationpointofview,butitleadstonumericaldifficulties.Therefore,thispaper
22,5/6 focuses on the numerical strategy.
Inthefirstsection,theidentificationframeworkisdescribedandanexamplewhich
is used throughout the paper to illustrate the problem and the different methods is
presented.Then,theproposedstrategyisdescribed.Theassociatedproblemsleadto
the resolution of a set of coupled direct and retrograde wave propagation problems.
488 A first iterative technique is developed, which turns out to be effective only for
short-durationtests.Thisisduetothepresenceofexponentiallyincreasingfunctions
oftimeinthetheoreticalsolutionwhichleadstoverypoorlyconditionedsystemsifone
usestheclassicalNewmarkintegrationscheme.Thisiswhy,inoursecondattempt,we
combinethepreviousapproachwithanalgebraicRicattitechniqueinordertobeable
todealwithdynamictestsofarbitrarydurationasproposedinFormosaetal.(2002).
2.Identificationframework in the case of highly scatteredboundary
conditions
The objective of this study is the identification of model parameters from dynamic
testsinthepresenceofhighlyscatteredmeasurements.Therearetwoproblemstodeal
with:
(1) heterogeneity and the dynamics of the test; and
(2) the handling of corruptedmeasurements.
In order to deal with the first problem, we propose to adopt an inverse variational
approach. This approach consists of two steps. In the first step, one confronts the
experimentaldatawiththemodelanditsparameters.Thisisusuallydonethrougha
calculation. In the second step, due to the results of the previous calculation, one
evaluates a cost function which characterizes the quality of the model parameters
which must be identified. Therefore, in order to find the solution to the identification
problem,onemust minimizethis costfunction with respect to the model parameters.
Therehavebeenmanyattemptstotakeperturbedmeasurementsintoaccount.Most
often, these methods require an a priori knowledge of the level of perturbation. For
example,thisisthecaseoftheTikhonovregularizationmethods(TikhonovandArsenin,
1977; Andrieux and Voldoire, 1995) or the Kalman filter techniques (Kalman, 1960;
CoriglianoandMariani,2003).Inthepresentcontext,thereisnoaprioriinformationonthe
levelofperturbation.Thisisthereasonwhywehadtoseekaspecificmethod.
Inordertodescribetheidentificationstrategyandthetechniqueusedforitsresolution,
wewillsimplifytheidentificationproblemtothatofhomogeneouselasticpropertiesofa
barsubjectedtodynamicloading.Thischoicelendsitselftoasimpletreatment,butthe
methodcanbeappliedtomorecomplicatedcases,suchasfieldmeasurements.
In this context, the measurements concern, on the whole time interval [0, T], the
displacement and force boundary conditions at both ends of the bar (Figure 1):
Figure1.
. measureddisplacements:u~0ðtÞ;u~LðtÞwhere t [½0;T(cid:1); Identification
. measuredforces:F~0ðtÞ;F~LðtÞ. strategy
The model relies on the dynamic equilibrium: ru€ 2s ¼0 and the constitutive
;x
relation:s¼Eu ;whereEis the unknownquantity of theproblem (Figure 1).
;x
Then, the calculation which confronts the measurements to the model for a given
Young’smodulusmustbedefinedbasedontheseproblemdata(boundaryconditions, 489
equilibriumequationandconstitutiverelation).Onecannotethattheexactverification
ofallthesedatawouldcorrespondtoanill-posedproblem.Therefore,someofthedata
must be released in definingthiscalculation.
Inordertotestthemethod,weuseanumericalexample.Apreliminarycalculation
consists in simulating the case shown in Figure 2 of a rod clamped at one end and
subjectedtoahalf-sineforceattheother.Thecorrespondingdisplacementsareshown
in Figure 3.
Then,theforcesanddisplacementsatbothendsobtainedfromthissimulationare
used to generate aset of measurementsfor the identification problem.
In order to test the robustness of the method, a perturbation in terms of
both displacements and forces can be added to the boundary conditions. The case
shown in Figure 3 corresponds to a perturbation resulting from the application of a
uniform white noise with a standard deviation of 12 percent with respect to the
perturbedquantities.Thefigurerepresentsthedisplacementpartofthemeasurements
alone.
3.Formulationof the proposed identification strategy
In order to present an inverse approach, one must define the two steps of the
identification strategy. The proposed method relies on the guiding principles of
Figure2.
Thenumericaltest
Figure3.
Exactandperturbed
boundaryconditions
(usinguniformwhite
noise,standarddeviation
12percent)