Engineering and Health in Compressed Air Work: Proceedings of the International Conference, Oxford, September 1992

669 Pages·1995·14.704 MB·\669

by  F.M. Jardine (Editor), R.I. McCallum (Editor)

Engineering and Health in Compressed Air Work
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Engineering and Health in
CODlpressed Air Work
Proceedings of the International Conference,
Oxford, September 1992
Edited by
EM. Jardine and R.1. McCallum
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LONDON AND NEW YORK
Published By
Spon Press
First edition 1994
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
© 1994 Construction Industry Research and Information Association
ISBN 041918460 0
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review,
as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not
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The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the
information contained in the book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any
errors or omissions that may be made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
The conference sponsors
XVll
Opening address 1
Viscount Ullswater
PART ONE KEYNOTE LECTURES
1 An engineer's perspective on legislative changes 7
J. M. Anderson
Discussion following Mr Anderson's lecture 14
2 Bone necrosis 16
D.N. Walder
3 Decompression illness 29
D.H. Elliott
PART TWO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
4 Controlled caisson sinking - design and performance on 41
Contract 4 of the Greater Cairo Wastewater Project
J.L. Vincett and F.N. Rowley
5 The use of compressed air at Lake Lothing, Lowestoft 61
J.G. Campbell, D.R. Gutteridge and A.P. Smith
Discussion on Session 1: Construction Projects - I 73
6 Compressed air tunnelling for the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway 75
J.G. Campbell and D.R. Gutteridge
7 Use of compressed air for shaft sinking and tunnelling on Contracts 91
3, 12 and 12/5A of the Greater Cairo Wastewater Project, Egypt
D.J. Court
8 Oakwood Beach Interceptor Sewer: a compressed air tunnel case 118
history
c.c.
R.J. Angarola, S.K. Jain and Chang
Discussion on Session 2: Construction Projects - II 133
vi Contents
PART THREE BONE NECROSIS
9 A preliminary survey of quantitative risk factors for bone necrosis 139
in British compressed-air workers
A. Evans
10 The role of intramedullary pressure in hyperbaric osteonecrosis 148
E.H. Lanphier, C.E. Lehner and S.E. Lemos
11 Optimum schedules for caisson decompression 156
E.P. Kindwall
12 Early pathogenesis of hyperbaric osteonecrosis 172
C.E. Lehner, T.F. Lin, E.H. Lanphier, M.A. Wilson, R Dueland
and P.R Dubielzig
13 Report of seventeen cases with delayed occurrence of dysbaric 188
osteonecrosis
L.-D. Zhang, J.-F. Kang and H. Zhang
Discussion on Session 3: Bone Necrosis 193
PART FOUR ENGINEERING DESIGN
14 Compressed air tunnelling between Somerset Station and Newton 199
Station, Singapore
A.R Gaba and D.B. Parkes
15 Estimation of compressed air losses 224
RS. Hoad and G.P. Gittoes
16 Tunnelling in compressed air - necessity or option? 245
G.B. Shutter
17 Modelling compressed air losses from a tunnel in sand 250
C.P.M. Snee
18 Developments in low-pressure compressed air equipment 261
(Abstract only)
R.T. Slocombe
Discussion on Session 4: Engineering Design 262
PART FIVE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 265
19 Medical aspects of compressed air tunnelling - the Singapore 267
experience
J. How, A. Vijayan and T.M. Wong
Contents vii
20 Thermal stress in compressed air work 294
K.c. Parsons
21 Oxygen decompression for tunnel workers in Brazil-the Sao 313
Paulo Subway construction experience
I.J. Ribeiro
22 Decompression in tunnel construction using the Hydroshield 319
process
M. Ruegger, A.A. Btihlmann and E. WHIm
23 The effect of pressure on portable gas monitoring equipment 328
used in tunnelling operations
D.W. Dabill and P.T. Walsh
Discussion on Session 5: Occupational Health and Safety 344
PART SIX DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS
24 Statistical investigation of working pressure and Des for 349
compressed-air workers
Y. Mano, M. Shibayama, N. Yamami, T. Nakayama and
M. Kawashima
25 Analysis of decompression sickness and bubble appearance rates 360
on a caisson project - effects of working shift pattern and post
decompression oxygen breathing
I. Nashimoto, Y. Gotoh, K. Kobayashi, M. Nodera, R. Araki and
F. Eda
26 Review of the neuropathological effects of decompression sickness 366
in animals and man
A.c. Palmer
27 A descriptive approach to the decompression illnesses 381
J.J.w. Sykes, D.J. Smith and T.J.R. Francis
Discussion on Session 6: Decompression Illness 385
PART SEVEN DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS AND CLINICAL
PRACTICE
28 The technique of decanting in compressed air work 389
M.J. Catton
viii Contents
29 Observations of decompression sickness and effects of working 408
conditions in two caissons in Bremen
K.H. Mannche, K.H. Dreyer and D. Peusch-Dreyer
30 Memory and personality of caisson workers with a history of 413
decompression illness
J. Leach, J.D. King, P.E. Morris and J. Rawlins
31 Blood changes associated with decompression and their possible 423
clinical significance
R.B. Philp
Discussion on Session 7: Decompression Illness and Clinical 436
Practice
PART EIGHT CODES AND REGULATIONS
32 CEN standardisation - air locks for tunnelling work safety 445
requirements
M. Bandmann
33 Are the German regulations for compressed air work safe? 450
I. Holthaus
34 Some medico-legal aspects of modern work in compressed air 456
EB. Wright and L. Marks
Discussion on Session 8: Codes and Regulations 479
35 French regulations 1992 for hyperbaric works 483
J.C. Le Pechon and J.L. Pasquier
36 Comparison and prediction of decompression sickness rates 493
EM. Jardine
PART NINE DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES
37 Decompression options for tunnel work at more than 3 bars 509
(gauge) pressure
R.w. Hamilton, J. Vollbrandt, M. Heineke and G. Luther
38 Remotely controlled caisson method and its maintenance 519
T. Hirata, K. Takano, Y. Gotoh, I. Nashimoto and W. Sterk
39 Oxygen decompression in tunnelling 529
J.C. Le Pechon
Contents ix
40 Procedures for safe working at high pressures in a TBM chamber 539
using special breathing gas mixtures
G. Luther, R.W. Hamilton, M. Heineke, G.A. Nietsch and
J. Vollbrandt
41 Unmanned excavation systems in pneumatic caissons 551
S. Shiraishi
42 Application of deep-sea diving technology to pneumatic works in 562
very deep caissons
S. Oda, J. Takeuchi, M. Ishii and Y. Mano
Discussion on Session 9: Developing Technologies 578
PART TEN CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
43 Discussion Session: Challenges for the Future 585
Conference Chairman's closing remarks 596
I.H. Elliott
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Conference glossary of engineering, diving and 601
medical terms, abbreviations and units of pressures (compiled by
F.M. Jardine)
Appendix B: List of delegates 634
Author Index 637
Subject Index 639