Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past

216 Pages·2006·0.82 MB·English

by  Kimberly Zisk Marten

ENFORCING THE PEACE
E N F O R C I N G
KIMBERLY ZISK MARTEN
T H E P E A C E
Learning from the Imperial Past
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York, Chichester, West Sussex
Copyright © 2004Columbia University Press
All rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Zisk, Kimberly Marten
Enforcing the peace : learning from the imperial past /
Kimberly Zisk Marten.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn0–231–12912–2(cloth : alk. paper)
1. Peacekeeping forces. 2. Peace-building. 3. Imperialism.
I. Title
JZ6374.Z57 2004
341.5'84—dc22 2004048406
Columbia University Press books are printed on
permanent and durable acid-free paper
Printed in the United States of America
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References to Internet Web Sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of
writing. Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsi-
ble for Web sites that may have expired or changed since the articles
were prepared
To my students

CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ix
ONE Peace,or Change? 1
TWO Peacekeeping and Control 21
THREE State Interests,Humanitarianism,and Control 59
FOUR Political Will and Security 93
FIVE Military Tasks and Multilateralism 119
SIX Security as a Step to Peace 145
Notes 167
Index 193

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project was made possible by the support of several organizations, to
which I owe a great debt. A grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New
York, via the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies
(IWPS) at Columbia University, funded a semester off from my teaching,
supported two conferences that my colleagues and I organized at IWPS
where I was able to try out my ideas, and paid for my research trips to
NATO headquarters and SHAPE in Belgium, to Australia, and to briefings
at U.S. Camp Bondsteel in Kosovo and at Ft. Bragg in North Carolina.
Barnard College paid for an additional semester of leave for me, and my
colleagues there have provided me with a congenial home-base throughout
this entire project. My particular gratitude goes to Barnard Political Sci-
ence Department Chair Richard Pious, Provost Elizabeth Boylan, and Pres-
ident Judith Shapiro, for their supportiveness throughout this project.
A Canadian Studies Grant from the Canadian Embassy in Washington,
D.C. facilitated my research trips to the Lester Pearson Peacekeeping Cen-
ter in Nova Scotia, and to speak with peacekeeping policymakers and mil-
itary officers in Ottawa and New Delhi. A Council on Foreign Relations
International Affairs Fellowship funded by Hitachi, Ltd. paid for my
research in Japan, and the Institute for International Policy Studies (the
Nakasone Institute) provided a headquarters for me there in summer
2000. The Council on Foreign Relations also gave me a second home in
New York when I was a fellow there during the 2001/2academic year, and
I am very grateful to former president Leslie Gelb for giving me that oppor-
tunity. I also appreciate the additional occasions to present my work in
ix
x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
progress that were provided to me by the Japanese National Defense Acad-
emy in Yokosuka (with a particular note of thanks to Takako Hikotani),
the Japanese National Defense Agency, the Japanese National Institute for
Defense Studies, Keio University, the Research Institute for Peace and Secu-
rity in Tokyo, the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Prince-
ton University (with thanks to Wolfgang Danspeckgruber), the Summer
Peacekeeping Training Seminar at the Columbia School of International
and Public Affairs (with thanks to Naomi Weinberger), Canadian Forces
Base Borden, the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Wash-
ington (with thanks to Celeste Wallander), and two International Studies
Association annual meetings.
There are so many people whose ideas influenced this book, through
their conversations with me, their criticisms of my work in progress, and
their sharing of research contacts, that it is impossible to thank them all,
and I apologize in advance to any I fail to recognize. I am particularly
grateful to all of the military officers and policy officials I interviewed off-
the-record in my research. The individuals I mention here may not agree
with my arguments, and certainly should not be held responsible for any
of my errors in either fact or analysis. They are listed in alphabetical order.
Special thanks go to Edward Anselm, Deborah Avant, Gordon Bardos,
Michael Barnett, Richard Betts, Rachel Bronson, Richard Butler, Simon
Chesterman, Alexander Cooley, Christopher Donnelly, Michael Doyle, V.
Page Fortna, Willis Hintz, Lise Morjé Howard, Robert McClure, Christo-
pher Miller, Roland Paris, Dmitry Ponomareff, John Rollins, Alan Ryan,
Stephen Saideman, Arturo Sotomayor, Dina Schorr, Jack Snyder, and an
anonymous reviewer for Columbia University Press. At Columbia Univer-
sity Press, Peter Dimock has been a supportive and responsive editor, and
Leslie Bialler has been a terrific copy editor. Ingrid Gerstmann at IWPS and
Nell Dillon-Ermers in the Barnard Political Science Department provided
administrative (and emotional!) support for my work that far exceeded
what I could have reasonably expected. And as always, I am grateful to my
parents, Gordon and Lynette Marten, for their support and love.
This book is dedicated to my students, whose curiosity and insight
keeps me inspired.
Kimberly Zisk Marten
March 2004