Table Of ContentEnergy Management System for
Dispatchable Renewable Power
Generation
Enhancing the integration of renewable power generation from wind and solar into
the traditional power network requires mitigation of the vulnerabilities affecting the
grid as a result of the intermittent nature of these resources. Variability and ramp
events in power output are the key challenges to system operators due to their im-
pact on system balancing, reserves management, scheduling, and the commitment of
generation units.
This book presents the development of an energy management system for a renew-
able power generation (EMSRPG) tool that aims to achieve power-dispatching
strategies based on forecasting renewable energy resource outputs to guarantee the
optimal dispatch of hybrid wind-solar photovoltaic power systems (HWSPS). The
key selling points of the book include the following:
• Renewable energy management in modern and future smart power systems
• Energy management systems
• Modeling and simulations using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS)
• High penetration level of renewable energy sources
• Case studies based on Oman’s power systems and other power grids
This book discusses the challenges of integrating renewable resources, including low
inertia systems, hosting capacity limitations of existing power systems, and weak
grids. It further examines the detailed topologies, operation principles, recent de-
velopments in control techniques, and stability of power systems with a large scale
of renewables. Finally, it presents case studies of recent projects from around the
world where dispatchable power plant techniques are used to enhance power system
operation.
Energy Management
System for Dispatchable
Renewable Power
Generation
Edited by
Amer Al-Hinai and Hassan Haes Alhelou
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First edition published 2023
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© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Amer Al-Hinai and Hassan Haes Alhelou; individual chapters,
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ISBN: 978-1-032-30958-3 (hbk)
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DOI: 10.1201/9781003307433
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
About the Authors .....................................................................................................ix
Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi
Introduction ............................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Literature Review on Renewable Energy Management
Systems and Frequency Control ...........................................................1
Muntaser Al Hasani, Amer Al-Hinai, Hassan Haes Alhelou,
Hassan Yousef, Ahmed Al Maashri
Chapter 2 Renewable Microgrid Modeling, Simulation, and
Results Analysis .................................................................................45
Muntaser Al Hasani, Amer Al-Hinai, Hassan Haes Alhelou,
Ahmed Al Maashri, Hassan Yousef
Chapter 3 Intelligent Control Design for PV Grid-Connected Inverter..............79
Myada Shadoul, Hassan Yousef, Rashid Al-Abri, Amer Al-Hinai
Chapter 4 Partial Shading Detection Method in Photovoltaic Systems ............119
Waleed Al-Abri, Hassan Yousef, Rashid Al-Abri, Amer Al-Hinai
Chapter 5 Renewable Energy Management Concept ........................................131
Amer Al-Hinai, Ahmed Al Maashri, Rashid Al-Abri,
Saira Al-Zadjali, Mana Al-Shekili
Chapter 6 Renewable Energy Management and Its Dependency on
Weather Fluctuation .........................................................................155
Abdullah Al Shereiqi, Amer Al-Hinai, Rashid Al-Abri,
Mohammed AlBadi
Chapter 7 Sizing of the Hybrid Renewable-Based Power Systems ..................165
Abdullah Al Shereiqi, Amer Al-Hinai, Rashid Al-Abri,
Mohammed AlBadi
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Forecasting Tools for Management of Hybrid Renewable
Energy Systems ................................................................................183
Saira Al-Zadjali, Ahmed Al Maashri, Amer Al-Hinai,
Sultan Al Yahyai, Edward Baleke Ssekulima
Chapter 9 Dispatching of the Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ...................199
Mostafa Bakhtvar, Amer Al-Hinai
Chapter 10 Real-Time Control in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
and Validation Using RTDS .............................................................219
Mohammed Al-Busaidi, Amer Al-Hinai,
Hassan Haes Alhelou, Rashid Al-Abri
Index ......................................................................................................................255
Preface
The Sultanate of Oman has underutilized renewable energy (RE) due to its large
reserves of oil and natural gas as these resources provide a cheaper source of power
than renewable options. Population growth and the expansion of commercial and
industrial sectors has increased electricity demand over the last 10 years by more
than 240%. Average oil and gas production costs have increased over the last few
years through the adoption of enhanced oil recovery and large-scale gas depletion
techniques, and consumption of petroleum products has doubled in the last decade.
In addition, the availability of gas for power generation is limited due to the decline
of gas production and an increase in gas demand for other industries. These factors
impose a challenge for the electricity sector in Oman and necessitate a need to diver-
sify energy resources for power generation.
The Sultanate of Oman benefits from a long coastline and exposure to the strong
summer and winter monsoon winds. It has an average wind speed of slightly more
than 5 m/s and an estimated 2,463 hours of full load per year, making wind power
an economically viable form of RE. One disadvantage of wind over solar is that it
is more seasonal. Studies undertaken in Oman show that, in general, wind speed
is higher during the summer months of June, July, and August and lower during
October and November. As a result, wind speeds are higher during the months in
which Oman reaches peak demand, which is a further indication of the feasibility of
wind-powered electricity generation for the country. On the other hand, Oman has
a high ratio of “sky clearness” and receives extensive daily solar radiation ranging
from 5,500 to 6,000 Wh/m2 a day in July to 2,500 to 3,000 Wh/m2 a day in January,
giving it one of the highest solar energy densities in the world. This puts the coun-
try in an ideal position to utilize both wind and solar as sustainable and alternative
energy sources. Despite their potential, there are a number of challenges to utilizing
RE resources in the Sultanate of Oman. These include high capital costs and output
fluctuations. However, the recent development of RE technologies shows a declining
trend in terms of cost and advancement in the integration of RE resources into exist-
ing power systems.
Enhancing the integration of renewable power generation from wind and solar
into the traditional power network requires the mitigation of vulnerabilities that
affect the grid as a result of the intermittent nature of these resources. Variability
and ramp events in power output are key challenges to system operators due to their
impact on system balancing, reserves management, scheduling, and the commit-
ment of generation units. This book presents the development of an energy manage-
ment system for a renewable power generation (EMSRPG) tool that aims to achieve
power-dispatching strategies based on forecasting RE resource outputs to guarantee
the optimal dispatch of hybrid wind-solar photovoltaic power systems (HWSPSs).
The tool collectively utilizes forecasting models for wind speed and solar irradi-
ance in addition to optimization techniques to size suitable wind and photovoltaic
(PV) plant capacity. The energy storage system (ESS) is required to complement the
HWSPS to achieve a robust and dispatchable plant. EMSRPG strategies aim to make
vii
viii Preface
full use of the complementary nature of wind and solar PV while using minimal ESS
capacity to ensure power fluctuation mitigation and high power supply reliability.
Based on profiles of wind speed and solar irradiance, the obtained results confirm
that over 95% of available RE can be used.
Amer Al-Hinai
Hassan Haes Alhelou
Sultan Qaboos University
About the Authors
Dr. Amer Al-Hinai obtained his MSc and PhD degrees from
West Virginia University. He is an associate professor in the
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the
Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Postgraduate Studies & Research
(DVC-PSR) at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Oman. He
was a Visiting Professor at the Masdar Institute (MI) of Science
and Technology, UAE, from 2012 to 2016. Dr. Al-Hinai was
the founding Director of the Sustainable Energy Research
Center (SERC) at SQU from 2017 to 2021. He has been a Senior
Member of IEEE since 2011, Chairman of the IEEE–Oman
Section from 2014 to 2018, and holds a Consultant grade as classified by the Oman
Society of Engineers. He served as a Member and the Chairman of the Authority for
Electricity Regulation, Oman, from 2011 to 2017. Dr. Al-Hinai has received many
awards, including Recognition by SQU during the University Day (2013 and 2014)
for Research and International award; Best Paper Award, UAE (2015); was one of
the pioneers in the Engineering Practice in the Gulf, Bahrain (2011); and received
the SQU Distinguished Researcher Award (2020). He has secured many internal and
external research grants, notably from MI; The Research Council (TRC), Oman;
His Majesty’s Trust Fund (HMTF) for Strategic Research; British Petroleum (BP);
Occidental Oman (OXY), and Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). His research
interest spans diverse energy-related areas such as energy production, renewable
energy resources, power systems, energy efficiency, and management and conver-
sion. Dr. Al-Hinai has been a keynote and invited speaker on various aspects of
renewable energy in Oman, UAE, and Switzerland. He is credited with more than
110 journals and conference papers. He is an associate editor of the International
Journal of Renewable Energy Technology.
Dr. Hassan Haes Alhelou is a Senior Member of IEEE. He
is affiliated with the Department of Electrical and Computer
Systems Engineering, Monash University, Australia. He is also
a professor and faculty member at Tishreen University in Syria
and a consultant with Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman.
Dr. Alhelou was with the School of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland, from 2020
to 2021, and affiliated with Isfahan University of Technology
(IUT), Iran. He completed his BSc from Tishreen University in
2011 and MSc and PhD from Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, all with hon-
ors. He was included in the 2018 and 2019 Publons and Web of Science (WoS), list
of the top 1% best reviewers and researchers in the field of engineering and cross-
fields all over the world. Dr. Alhelou was the recipient of the Outstanding Reviewer
Award from many journals, e.g., Energy Conversion and Management (ECM), ISA
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