Table Of ContentEnergy Harvesting
Energy Harvesting: Enabling IoT Transformations gives insight into
the emergence of energy-harvesting technology and its integration with
IoT-based applications. The book educates the reader on how energy is
harvested from different sources, increasing the effectiveness, efficiency
and lifetime of IoT devices.
• Discusses the technology and practices involved in energy harvest-
ing for biomedical, agriculture and automobile industries
• Compares the performance of IoT-based devices with and without
energy harvesting for different applications
• Studies the challenges and issues in the implementation of EH-IoT
• Includes case studies on energy-harvesting approaches for solar,
thermal and RF sources
• Analyzes the market and business opportunities for entrepreneurs in
the field of EH-IoT.
This book is primarily aimed at graduates and research scholars in wireless
sensor networks. Scientists and R&D workers in industry will also find this
book useful.
Chapman & Hall/CRC Internet of Things: Data-Centric
Intelligent Computing, Informatics, and Communication
The role of adaptation, machine learning, computational intelligence, and
data analytics in the field of IoT systems is becoming increasingly essential
and intertwined. The capability of an intelligent system is growing depending
upon various self-decision-making algorithms in IoT devices. IoT-based smart
systems generate a large amount of data that cannot be processed by traditional
data processing algorithms and applications. Hence, this book series involves
different computational methods incorporated within the system with the help of
analytics reasoning, learning methods, artificial intelligence, and sense-making
in big data, which is most concerned with IoT-enabled environments.
This series aims to attract researchers and practitioners who are working in
information technology and computer science in the fields of intelligent computing
paradigms, big data, machine learning, sensor data, the Internet of Things, and data
sciences. The main aim of the series is to make available a range of books on all aspects
of learning, analytics, and advanced intelligent systems and related technologies.
This series will cover the theory, research, development, and applications of learning,
computational analytics, data processing, and machine learning algorithms as
embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, and information technology.
Series Editors:
Souvik Pal
Sister Nivedita University, (Techno India Group), Kolkata, India
Dac-Nhuong Le
Haiphong University, Vietnam
Security of Internet of Things Nodes: Challenges, Attacks, and Countermeasures
Chinmay Chakraborty, Sree Ranjani Rajendran and Muhammad Habib Ur Rehman
Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective
Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki and Fadi Al-Turjman
Cloud IoT Systems for Smart Agricultural Engineering
Saravanan Krishnan, J Bruce Ralphin Rose, NR Rajalakshmi, N Narayanan Prasanth
Data Science for Effective Healthcare Systems
Hari Singh, Ravindara Bhatt, Prateek Thakral and Dinesh Chander Verma
Internet of Things and Data Mining for Modern Engineering and Healthcare
Applications
Ankan Bhattacharya, Bappadittya Roy, Samarendra Nath Sur, Saurav Mallik and
Subhasis Dasgupta
Energy Harvesting: Enabling IoT Transformations
Deepti Agarwal, Kimmi Verma and Shabana Urooj
Energy Harvesting
Enabling IoT Transformations
Edited by
Deepti Agarwal
Kimmi Verma
Shabana Urooj
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Deepti Agarwal, Kimmi Verma, Shabana
Urooj; individual chapters, the contributors
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ISBN: 978-1-032-11183-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-34925-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-21876-0 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003218760
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Contents
Preface, vii
Editor Biographies, ix
List of Contributors, xi
Chapter 1 ◾ Energy Harvesting–Based Architecture in IoT:
Basics of Energy Harvesting, Key Technology
for Enhancing the Life of IoT Devices,
Challenges of IoT in Terms of Energy and
Power Consumption 1
Sandeep Kumar, poonam Yadav
Chapter 2 ◾ Efficient Ambient Energy-Harvesting Sources
with Potential for IoT and Wireless Sensor
Network Applications 19
Sonam Lata, Shabana mehfuz
Chapter 3 ◾ Analytical Modelling of HVAC-IoT Systems
with the Aid of UVGI and Solar Energy
Harvesting 65
Shafeeq ahmad, md. toufique aLam, mohammad biLaL, oSama
Khan, mohd zaheen Khan
Chapter 4 ◾ Case Study on Modernization of a Micro-Grid
and Its Performance Analysis Employing Solar
PV Units 81
Shiva pujan jaiSwaL, viKaS Singh bhadoria, ranjeeta Singh,
viveK ShrivaStava, a. ambiKapathY
v
vi ◾ Contents
Chapter 5 ◾ Harnessing Energy for Implantable
Biomedical Instruments with IoT Networks:
Implementation and Challenges 105
mahaK narang, anKit gambhir, dr. mandeep Singh
Chapter 6 ◾ Practices Involved in Broadband Vibration
Energy Harvesting Utilizing Variable-Length
Multi-Reed Cantilever Array 117
rathiShChandra r. gatti
Chapter 7 ◾ Impact of Humidity-Sensing Technology on
Clean Energy Generation: An Overview 131
arShi SaLamat, tariKuL iSLam
Chapter 8 ◾ Energy-Efficient Optimized Routing
Techniques in an IoT-Enabled Intelligent
Traffic Management System 143
piYuSh agarwaL, SaChin Sharma, priYa matta
Chapter 9 ◾ Sustainable Energy Solutions: Integration
with Renewable Energy Sources 165
Kimmi verma, deepti agarwaL
Chapter 10 ◾ Recent Advances and Future Trends of
IoT-Based Devices 179
punit Kumar Singh, SudhaKar Singh, aShiSh, haSSan uSman,
Shabana urooj
INDEX, 205
Preface
With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology,
the effectiveness and efficiency of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) is
becoming one of the most critical factors to be considered by applications
such as traffic management, healthcare systems, environmental monitor-
ing and smart buildings. The future of upcoming IoT deployments relies
on the capabilities of nodes to operate without any interruption utilizing
ambient energy harvesting (EH).
Over the years, the main hurdle in the growth of IoT-enabled devices
has been identified as power for interconnected nodes. When connected
nodes interact with each other, they consume a large amount of energy for
effective communication, and because of this, the devices operate only for
a limited duration. A promising alternative with no dependency on battery
life is energy harvesting. EH is the process of taking energy from various
different sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, radi-
ant energy (radio frequency), mechanical energy (motion), finer motion,
footfalls, breathing, vibrations and so on. Once energy is received from
these sources, it is accumulated and further converted into usable electri-
cal energy. This harvested electrical energy is used to power IoT devices
and also increases their overall efficiency, durability and lifetime. Though
energy harvesting plays a very significant role by increasing the efficiency
and lifetime of IoT devices, EH systems also have some limitations, such
as a low amount of energy harvested, dependency on the source from
which the energy is to be harvested, inefficiency of the harvesting system
and so on. In addition, there is one critical problem: power management,
which impacts battery storage. In order to mitigate this problem, power-
management integrated circuits were introduced to provide better power
management to IoT devices. In the last decades, efforts have been made
to overcome these limitations, and new models of energy harvesting have
been introduced.
vii
viii ◾ Preface
Governments and public-sector organizations have a key role to play in
promoting energy-harvesting techniques and their significance when used
in combination with IoT devices. In order to boost the prospects, all such
companies developing energy harvesters need the funding, support and
investment in research and development (R&D) that governments should
provide. There are still many product-based organizations working on IoT
devices that do not recognize the principle of energy harvesting or the
benefits they could achieve by using this technology. Organizations should
allot a sufficient marketing budget and drive public awareness programs
to educate and emphasize the significance of EH systems and the benefits
they provide when combined with IoT devices.
This book demonstrates the emergence of energy-harvesting technol-
ogy and its integration with IoT-based applications. It also focuses on effi-
cient utilization of energy harvesting in IoT-based devices in the fields of
agriculture, health devices, industry automation and smart traffic man-
agement in order to minimize human effort. This will improve industrial
systems for efficiency in commercial and industrial areas as well. The book
will discuss the technical requirements as well as the implementation of
IoT-based devices used with low power consumption and will cover the
application of EH-IoT in various industries.
The main focus of this book is not limited to wireless communication.
It also aims to demonstrate the benefits of implementing various models of
the IoT with energy-harvesting approaches for solar, mechanical, thermal
and vibrational sources. The book also presents energy harvesting–based
IoT applications for entrepreneurial opportunities.
This book showcases the future of self-powered IoT devices, with con-
tributors from around the world. The contributing authors have expertise
extending from research scholars, scientists and R&D employees from
industry to academicians and postgraduate students. The concepts and
applications discussed in this book will be the foundation of technologies
that will be realized in the next few years.
Editor Biographies
Dr. Deepti Agarwal received her PhD from
Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University
for Women (IGDTUW), Delhi, in 2019.
She received an MTech in energy and envi-
ronmental management from the Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New
Delhi, in 2009 and a BTech in electron-
ics and communications engineering from
Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU),
Lucknow, in 2005. She worked as an assistant professor in Mahatma
Gandhi Mission’s College of Engineering & Technology, Noida, India,
from 2005 to 2014. She is currently working as an associate professor on
the Delhi Technical Campus, Greater Noida (affiliated with GGSIPU). She
is an active member of international societies like IEEE, ISTE and InSc.
She has successfully completed many reviews for highly reputed journals
like IEEE/OSA Applied Optics, IEEE/OSA JOCN and IET Communications
in the field of engineering. She has published more than 15 research papers
in refereed journals and IEEE conferences with SCI and Scopus indexing.
Her research interests include free-space optics, cooperative communica-
tions, unification of channel models and differential non-coherent networks.
Dr. Kimmi Verma has been an academi-
cian for the last 17 years in the field of elec-
tronics engineering. She obtained her PhD
in biomedical image processing from the
Department of Electronics Engineering
(Banasthali University) and did her MTech
in microelectronics (UPTU) and BTech
in electronics and instrumentation engi-
neering (UPTU). She is a Class A Certified
ix
