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Archaeopress Pre-Columbian Archaeology 13
EEnneemmyy –– SSttrraannggeerr –– NNeeiigghhbboouurr:: TThhee IImmaaggee ooff tthhee OOtthheerr iinn MMoocchhee CCuullttuurree iiss ddeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo aarr�� ss�� cc rreennddeerriinnggss ooff W
tthhee RReeccuuaayy ppeeooppllee iinn MMoocchhee aarrtt,, iinn aallll aavvaaiillaabbllee aanndd pprreesseerrvveedd mmeeddiiaa.. TThhee MMoocchhee aanndd tthhee RReeccuuaayy wweerree tthhee o Enemy – Stranger – Neighbour
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ccrreeaattoorrss ooff tthhee ttwwoo mmaaiinn ccuullttuurreess ooff nnoorrtthheerrnn PPeerruu iinn tthhee EEaarrllyy IInntteerrmmeeddiiaattee PPeerriioodd ((aapppprrooxx.. 110000--775500 CCEE)).. TThheeyy
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wweerree bbootthh iilllliitteerraattee aanndd tthheeyy llee�� nnoo wwrrii�� eenn ddooccuummeennttss ccoonncceerrnniinngg tthhee nnaattuurree ooff tthheeiirr mmuuttuuaall ccoonnttaaccttss..
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TThhee MMoocchhee,, hhoowweevveerr,, rreepprreesseenntteedd tthhee RReeccuuaayy qquuiittee eexxtteennssiivveellyy iinn tthheeiirr cceerreemmoonniiaall aarrtt,, wwhhiicchh sseerrvveedd aass aa
ppoowweerrffuull iiddeeoollooggiiccaall ttooooll ooff ssoocciiaall iinnflfl uueennccee aanndd ccoonnttrrooll.. IIttss iiccoonnooggrraapphhyy ggiivveess aann eexxcceepp�� oonnaall ooppppoorrttuunniittyy The Image of the Other in Moche Culture
ttoo ssttuuddyy tthhee mmeecchhaanniissmmss ooff ppeerrcceeiivviinngg aanndd pprreesseenn�� nngg tthhee ‘‘ootthheerr’’ iinn aa ttrraaddii�� oonnaall ssoocciieettyy.. TThhiiss ssttuuddyy ooffff eerrss
aann aannaallyyssiiss ooff aa sseett ooff sseevveerraall ddoozzeenn ccoommpplleexx,, ppaaiinntteedd aanndd bbaass--rreelliieeff sscceenneess,, aass wweellll aass sseevveerraall hhuunnddrreedd
mmoouulldd--pprreesssseedd,, ssccuullpptteedd ddeeppiicc�� oonnss ooff ffoorreeiiggnneerrss iinn MMoocchhee aarrtt.. IItt ttrriieess ttoo aannsswweerr tthhee qquueess�� oonnss ooff hhooww tthhee
mmeessssaaggee rreeggaarrddiinngg tthhee ‘‘ootthheerr’’ wwaass ccrreeaatteedd aanndd ccoommmmuunniiccaatteedd,, wwhhaatt iittss ccoonncceepptt mmaayy hhaavvee bbeeeenn aanndd wwhhaatt
ssoocciiaall ffuunncc�� oonnss iitt mmaayy hhaavvee sseerrvveedd aammoonngg tthhee ggrroouuppss lliivviinngg iinn tthhee SSoouutthheerrnn MMoocchhee RReeggiioonn.. TThhee aa�� ttuuddee
ttoo ffoorreeiiggnneerrss –– aass rreeccoonnssttrruucctteedd oonn tthhee bbaassiiss ooff MMoocchhee iiccoonnooggrraapphhyy –– wwaass nnoott uunniiddiimmeennssiioonnaall.. IItt wwaass
cchhaarraacctteerriizzeedd bbyy aa ccoommbbiinnaa�� oonn ooff eexxttrreemmee ffeeeelliinnggss aanndd eemmoo�� oonnss ssuucchh aass ffeeaarr aanndd aaddmmiirraa�� oonn,, rreesseennttmmeenntt
aanndd iinntteerreesstt,, rreeppuullssiioonn aanndd ffaasscciinnaa�� oonn.. IItt hhaass mmaannyy ffeeaattuurreess ooff aa ttyyppiiccaall aapppprrooaacchh ttoo aallll ‘‘ootthheerrss’’ ssttuuddiieedd
bbyy ssppeecciiaalliissttss ooff ddiiffff eerreenntt ddiisscciipplliinneess iinn vvaarriioouuss ccoonntteexxttss aanndd ccuullttuurreess.. TThhee oobbsseerrvvaa�� oonnss mmaaddee iinn tthhiiss bbooookk
wwiillll pprroovvee ooff iinntteerreesstt nnoott oonnllyy ttoo MMoocchhee sscchhoollaarrss,, AAnnddeeaann aarrcchhaaeeoollooggiissttss oorr,, ppeeooppllee iinntteerreesstteedd iinn tthhee
pprree--CCoolluummbbiiaann ccuullttuurreess ooff SSoouutthh AAmmeerriiccaa,, bbuutt aallssoo –– iiff oonnllyy aass aann aannaallooggyy –– ttoo hhiissttoorriiaannss,, aarrtt hhiissttoorriiaannss,,
ssoocciioollooggiissttss aanndd aanntthhrrooppoollooggiissttss ddeeaalliinngg wwiitthh tthhee iissssuuee ooff aalltteerriittyy..
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JJaannuusszz ZZ.. WWoołłoosszzyynn iiss AAssssoocciiaattee PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff AArrcchhaaeeoollooggyy aatt tthhee UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff WWaarrssaaww.. HHee iiss aauutthhoorr ooff ffoouurr m
bbooookkss aanndd nnuummeerroouuss aarr�� cclleess oonn tthhee aarrcchhaaeeoollooggyy aanndd iiccoonnooggrraapphhyy ooff PPrree--CCoolluummbbiiaann AAnnddeeaann ccuullttuurreess.. y
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Janusz Z. Wołoszyn
Archaeopress Archaeology www.archaeopress.com
Enemy – Stranger – Neighbour
The Image of the Other in Moche Culture
Janusz Z. Wołoszyn
Archaeopress Pre-Columbian Archaeology 13
Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Summertown Pavilion
18-24 Middle Way
Summertown
Oxford OX2 7LG
www.archaeopress.com
ISBN 978-1-78969-882-4
ISBN 978-1-78969-883-1 (e-Pdf)
© Janusz Z. Wołoszyn and Archaeopress 2021
Front cover image: Bottle ML001062 (Courtesy Museo Larco - Lima)
Cover background image: Fineline painted scene decorating the bottle V A 666 (Staatlische Museen zu
Berlin - Ethnologisches Museum). After Albert Voss 1875: Taf. IV. Drawing by Colmar Schmidt.
Financing of the translation and publication:
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, National Programme for the Development of Humanities,
Grant No. ODW-0128/NPRH4/H3a/83/2016/1.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners.
This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com
To my Peruvian friends
My loyal comrades, stay here where you are.
I’ll take my ship and my own company
and try to find out who those people are,
whether they are rough and violent,
with no sense of law, or kind to strangers,
with hearts that fear the gods.
Homer, Odyssey,
Book IX: 223-228
Contents
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1
How to Represent an Enemy? ..................................................................................................................................................1
Foreign warriors ...................................................................................................................................................................1
Foreign captives ..................................................................................................................................................................45
Foreigners and large felines ............................................................................................................................................50
Chapter 2
How to Represent a Stranger? ...............................................................................................................................................61
Coca takers ...........................................................................................................................................................................61
The ‘sleeping’ .......................................................................................................................................................................86
Bearded men ........................................................................................................................................................................97
‘Siamese twins’ ..................................................................................................................................................................100
Chapter 3
How to Represent a Neighbour? ..........................................................................................................................................111
‘Salesmen’ ...........................................................................................................................................................................111
Burden bearers ..................................................................................................................................................................128
Owners of pack animals ..................................................................................................................................................134
Final Remarks ...........................................................................................................................................................................139
Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................................143
Appendix 2 Online Catalogues of Moche Art Collections .............................................................................................163
Appendix 3 Representations of Foreigners in Fineline Painted Scenes in the Moche Archive ..........................167
References .................................................................................................................................................................................175
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