Table Of ContentE
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
TOXICOLOGY
THIRD EDITION
VOLUME 1
AeDEL
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E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
TOXICOLOGY
THIRD EDITION
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
PHILIP WEXLER
US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
MOHAMMAD ABDOLLAHI
Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
ANN DE PEYSTER
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
SHAYNE C. GAD
Gad Consulting Services, Cary, NC, USA
HELMUT GREIM
Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
STACEY HARPER
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
VIRGINIA C. MOSER
US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
SIDHARTHA RAY
Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
JOSE TARAZONA
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Helsinki, Finland
TIMOTHY J. WIEGAND
University of Rochester Medical Center and Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
VOLUME 1
Amsterdam(cid:129)Boston(cid:129)Heidelberg(cid:129)London(cid:129)NewYork(cid:129)Oxford
Paris(cid:129)SanDiego(cid:129)SanFrancisco(cid:129)Singapore(cid:129)Sydney(cid:129)Tokyo
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Firstedition1998
Secondedition2005
Thirdedition2014
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CONTENTS
Foreword lxvii
Preface ixix
Preface to The Second Edition lxxiii
Preface to The First Edition lxxv
Editor-in-Chief lxxvii
AssociateEditors lxxix
List ofContributors lxxxiii
How to Use The Encyclopedia cix
Acknowledgments cxi
Dedication cxiii
VOLUME 1
A
ABERRATIONS OFCHROMOSOMESsee Chromosome Aberrations
Absorption 1
S ASaghir
Academyof Toxicological Sciences 7
S SDevi andH MMehendale
AcceptableDailyIntake (ADI) 8
J Chilakapati and HM Mehendale
Accutane 10
S CGad andJ HFain
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE) Inhibitors 14
HA Spiller
Acenaphthene 17
S JKlein
Acephate 20
S Karanth
v
vi Contents
Acetaldehyde 22
T RVan Vleet and BK Philip
Acetamide 24
G LKennedy
Acetaminophen 26
K Shankar andH MMehendale
Acetamiprid 30
D RWallace
Acetic Acid 33
S DPravasi
Acetone 36
M P Kalapos
Acetonitrile 40
HRobles
Acetophenone 43
NV Soucy
Acetylaminofluorene 46
I Syed
Acetylcholine 49
A Suryanarayanan
ACETYLCHOLINSTERASE see Cholinesterase Inhibition
Acetylene 51
S Mostafalouand H Bahadar
AcetylsalicylicAcid 54
RGorodetsky
Acids 56
A Saeid and KChojnacka
Acifluorfen, Sodium Salt 59
Y RRodriguez
Acrolein 63
D Pamies andE Vilanova
Acrylamide 69
G Karimi and M Rashedinia
ACRYLATES see Acrylic Acid; Ethyl Acrylate; MethylAcrylate
AcrylicAcid 74
D Brown
Acrylonitrile 76
WE Achanzarand RS Mangipudy
Acute Health Exposure Guidelines 79
S BDuTeaux
Contents vii
ACUTE TOXICITY seeToxicity, Acute
Adiponitrile 84
G LKennedy
Advances in PhysiologicallyBased Modeling Coupled with In VitroeIn Vivo Extrapolation
of ADMET: Assessing the Impactof GeneticVariability in Hepatic Transporters 87
S Ho, AS Darwich,M Jamei, andA RostamieHodjegan
AdverseOutcomePathways: Development andUse in Toxicology 95
CWillett
Aerosols 100
WE Achanzarand RS Mangipudy
A-esterase 102
L GSultatos
Aflatoxin 104
M ATirmenstein and RMangipudy
AIR POLLUTION seePollution, Air in Encyclopedia ofToxicology
Alachlor 107
M ATirmenstein and RMangipudy
Alar 110
K D Chadwick andRS Mangipudy
Albuterol 112
S E Gad
Alchemy 116
P G Maxwell-Stuart
Alcoholic Beveragesand Health Effects 120
K Shankar andH MMehendale
ALCOHOLISM see AlcoholicBeverages andHealth Effects
ALCOHOLSsee Alcoholic Beveragesand Health Effects; Allyl Alcohol;Benzyl Alcohol; Ethanol
Aldicarb 123
V CMoser
ALDOSTERONE seeCorticosteroids
Aldrin 126
M Honeycuttand SShirley
Algae 130
K D Hambright,RM Zamor, J D Easton, and BAllison
Alkalies 142
V Lawana
AlkylHalides 144
S Kulkarni
ALLERGENICITY TESTING see Toxicity Testing, Sensitization
Allyl Alcohol 146
S P Sawant, HS Parihar, andH MMehendale
Allylamine 149
NV Soucy
viii Contents
Allyl Formate 152
S P Sawant and HM Mehendale
Alpha Blockers 154
S MMiller andK L Cumpston
Aluminosilicate Fibers 156
L DMaxim andM J Utell
Aluminum 161
S CGad
Aluminum Phosphide 164
M Abdollahiand OMehrpour
AMANTIN, a- see Mushrooms, Cyclopeptide
Amdro 167
J RBloomquist
American Academy of Clinical Toxicology 170
L DBeilke
American Association of Poison Control Centers 172
D Carr
American Board ofToxicology 173
S SDevi andH MMehendale
American Collegeof Medical Toxicology 174
P M Waxand T J Wiegand
American Collegeof Toxicology 176
RCGuy
ACGIH(cid:1)(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) 178
D LDahlstrom and AB Bloomhuff
American IndustrialHygieneAssociation 180
D Hicks
Americium 182
I Malátová and VBe(cid:1)cková
AmesTest 187
RCGuy
Aminobiphenyl, 4- 189
HRobles
Aminoglycosides 191
T G Towne
Aminopyridine,4- (4-AP) 194
RCGupta
Amiodarone 197
J MMarraffa
Amitraz 200
V CMoser
Amitrole 203
RSellamuthu
Contents ix
AMITROPTYLINEsee TricyclicAntidepressants
Ammonia 206
RJ Parod
Ammonium Nitrate 209
P S Rao
AMOBARBITAL seeBarbiturates
Amphetamines 212
E M Pallasch andM Wahl
Amyl Nitrite 217
A Kubic andM Wahl
Anabolic Steroids 220
S P Sawant, HS Parihar, andH MMehendale
Analytical Toxicology 223
S CGad
Ancient Warfare and Toxicology 226
A Mayor
Androgens 230
P S Rao
Anesthetics 234
F Liu,C Wang, andT A Patterson
Aneuploidy 238
D A Eastmond
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYMEINHIBITORS see Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE)
Inhibitors
Aniline 240
S CGad
Animal Models 243
S CGad
Animals,Poisonous and Venomous 246
T Dodd-Butera and MBroderick
ANIMALTESTING ALTERNATIVESsee ToxicityTesting, Alternatives
Animal Venoms inMedicine 252
ZTakacsand SNathan
ANTAGONISM seeChemical Interactions
Anthracene 260
P S Rao
Anthrax 262
K Shankar andH MMehendale
Anticholinergics 264
J P Gray andS D Ray
Antidotes 267
S Shadnia and LS Nelson
