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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE VIETNAM WAR
Second Edition
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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE VIETNAM WAR
A Political, Social, and Military History,
Second Edition
V O L U M E I : A – G
Dr. Spencer C. Tucker
Editor
Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr.
Associate Editor
Merle L. Pribbenow II
Dr. James H. Willbanks, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
Dr. David T. Zabecki, Major General, Army of the United States (retired)
Assistant Editors
Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, E ngland
Copyright 2011 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permis-
sion in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The encyclopedia of the Vietnam War : a political, social, and military history / Spencer C. Tucker, editor. — 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-85109-960-3 (hard back : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-85109-961-0 (e-book)
1. Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937–
DS557.7.E53 2011
959.704'3—dc22
2011007604
ISBN: 978-1-85109-960-3
EISBN: 978-1-85109-961-0
14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
To all those who fought in the Indochina and Vietnam Wars
About the Editor
Spencer C. Tucker, PhD, graduated from the Virginia Military Institute and was a Fulbright scholar in
France. He was a U.S. Army captain and an intelligence analyst in the Pentagon during the Vietnam War
and then taught for 30 years at Texas Christian University before returning to his alma mater for 6 years as
the holder of the John Biggs Chair of Military History. He retired from teaching in 2003. He is now Senior
Fellow of Military History at ABC-CLIO. Dr. Tucker has written or edited 38 books, including ABC-CLIO’s
award-winning The Encyclopedia of the Cold War and The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict as well
as the comprehensive A Global Chronology of Conflict.
E A B M
DITORIAL DVISORY OARD EMBERS
Col. Walter J. Boyne Dr. Carol Reardon
U.S. Air Force (Ret.) Professor of Military History
Department of History
Pennsylvania State University
Dr. David Coffey
Professor and Chair
Department of History and Philosophy Dr. Priscilla Roberts
University of Tennessee at Martin Professor of History, School of Humanities
Honorary Director, Centre of American Studies
University of Hong Kong
Shawn Livingston, MLIS
Director of Information Service
University of Kentucky Libraries Capt. Carl O. Schuster
U.S. Navy (Ret.)
Adjunct Professor
Dr. Michael R. Nichols Hawaii Pacific University
Department of Social Sciences
Tarrant County College
Sandra Wittman
Library Services
Nguyen Cong Luan Oakton Community College
Independent Scholar
Cartographer
Internal Mapping Associates
ABC-CLIO M H
ILITARY ISTORY
A B M
DVISORY OARD EMBERS
Dr. David Coffey Dr. Carol Reardon
Professor and Chair Professor of Military History
Department of History and Philosophy Department of History
University of Tennessee at Martin Pennsylvania State University
Dr. Don Hickey Dr. Priscilla Roberts
Professor of History Associate Professor of History,
Department of History School of Humanities
Wayne State College (Nebraska) Honorary Director,
Centre of American Studies
University of Hong Kong
Dr. James Matray
Professor and Chair
Department of History Dr. James H. Willbanks
California State University, Chico Director, Department of Military History
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College,
Fort Leavenworth
Dr. Jack McCallum
Adjunct Professor
Department of History and Geography Dr. Steven E. Woodworth
Texas Christian University Professor of History
Department of History
Texas Christian University
Dr. Justin D. Murphy
Director, Academy of Freedom;
Brand Professor of History Dr. David T. Zabecki
Department of History, Political Science, Major General
and Geography Army of the United States, Retired
Howard Payne University Honory Senior Research Fellow in War Studies
University of Birmingham, England
Dr. Jim Piecuch
Associate Professor of History
Department of History
Kennesaw State University
