Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage: Greenwood Milestones in African American History

465 Pages·2007·6.75 MB·English

by  Toyin Falola

Encyclopedia of the Middle
Passage
Edited by
Toyin Falola
Amanda Warnock
Greenwood Press
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
African slavetrade routes.CourtesyofSaverancePublishing Services.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
Edited by
Toyin Falola and
Amanda Warnock
Greenwood Milestones in African American History
GREENWOOD PRESS
Westport, Connecticut (cid:2) London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of the middle passage : Greenwood milestones in African
American history / edited by Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33480–1 (alk. paper)
1. Slave trade—Africa—History—Encyclopedias. 2. Slave trade—
United States—History—Encyclopedias. 3. Slave trade—Atlantic
Ocean—History—Encyclopedias. 4. African Americans—History—
Encyclopedias. I. Falola, Toyin. II. Warnock, Amanda.
HT1322.E63 2007
306.306209603—dc22 2007016156
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
Copyright ' 2007 by Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007016156
ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33480–1
ISBN-10: 0–313–33480–3
First published in 2007
Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881
An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
www.greenwood.com
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book complies with the
Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National
Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Eric Williams and Joseph Inikori,
for their contributions to the study of the Atlantic slave trade

CONTENTS
ListofEntries ix
GuidetoRelatedTopics xi
Introduction xv
Chronology xxix
EncyclopediaoftheMiddlePassage 1
SelectedBibliography 411
Index 417
AbouttheEditorsandContributors 423

LIST OF ENTRIES
Abolitionism Barbot, John (Jean) (1655– Coffle
Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1712) Congo River
Brazil Barracoons Cowry Shells (Cowries)
Abolition of the Slave Trade, Benezet, Anthony (1713–1784) Credit and Finance
France Benin Crew
Abolition of the Slave Trade, Benito Cereno (1855) Cuba
Great Britain Bissagos Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah
Abolition of the Slave Trade, Black Sailors (c. 1757–1803)
Spain Bonny Curac¸ao
Abolition of the Slave Trade, Bordeaux
Dahomey
United States Bozal
Daily Schedule
Accidents and Explosions Branding
Dancing and Exercise
Accra Brathwaite, Kamau (1930– )
Danish Slave Trade
Adanggaman (2000) Brazil
Decentralized Societies
African Fears of Cannibalism Bristol
Destinations
African Institution British Caribbean
Disease
African Rulers and the Slave British Navy
Doctors and Surgeons
Trade British Slave Trade
Doldrums
African Squadrons, The Brookes, The
Door of No Return
Africanus, Leo (c.1490–c. 1530) Buenos Aires
Drownings
AfricaTown, Alabama
Duration of Voyages
Allada Calabar
Dutch Slave Trade
Amistad (1997) Cape Coast Castle
Amistad, The Cape Verde
Elmina
Angola Captains
Enslavement and Procurement
Annobon Cargoes
Entrepoˆts
Archeology Carpenters
Equiano, Olaudah (1745–1797)
Aro Cartagena
Eric Williams Thesis (1944)
Arochukwu Chains
Escapes and Runaways
Arrivals Charleston
(Maroonage)
Asante Children
Ethnicity
Asiento Christianity
Europe, Enslaved Africans in
Atkins, John (1685–1757) Claver, Saint Peter
(1580–1654) Falconbridge, Alexander
Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo Closure of the Slave Trade (?–1792)
(1824/31–?) Clotilda, The Families and Family Separations