Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture

1356 Pages·2008·17.75 MB·English

by  M. Avrum Ehrlich

Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora

Encyclopedia of
the Jewish Diaspora
Origins, Experiences,
and Culture

Th emes and Phenomena
of the Jewish Diaspora
M. AVRUM EHRLICH
Editor
SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA DENVER, COLORADO OXFORD, ENGLAND
Copyright 2009 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture
/ M. Avrum Ehrlich, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6 (hard copy : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-85109-874-3 (ebook)
1. Jews–History–Encyclopedias. 2. Jewish diaspora–Encyclopedias.
3. Jews–Asia–History–Encyclopedias. 4. Jews–Europe–History–Encyclopedias.
5. Jews–America–History–Encyclopedias. 6. Jews–Africa–History–Encyclopedias.
I. Ehrlich, M. Avrum
DS115.E47 2009
909′.04924003-dc22
2008032565
12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5
Th is book is also available on the World Wide Web as an ebook. Visit abc-clio.com for details.
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Contents in Brief
Th emes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora
Diaspora Th emes
History of the Diaspora
Persecution of Diaspora Jews
Religious Fusion and Interaction in the Diaspora
Languages of the Diaspora
Music and Culture of the Diaspora
Women in the Diaspora
Genetics, Medicine, and Genealogy
Sephardi, Oriental, and Ashkenazi Ethnicities and Culture
Israel and the Diaspora
Migration and Wanderings of Diaspora Jews
Contemporary Diaspora
Countries, Regions, and Communities
Africa
Australasia
North America
Latin America and the Caribbean
Middle East
Western Europe
Central and Eastern Europe and Russia
Baltic States
Scandinavia
Caucasus and Central Asia
East Asia
India and Pakistan
Southeast Asia

Contents
Editorial Board and Staff xvii 42 The Concept of Diaspora and Exile
in German-Jewish Literature
Contributors xix
and Art
Preface xxi Mark H. Gelber
Maps xxiii 48 The Concept of Sephardi and the
Ashkenazi in German-Jewish and
Introduction
German Anti-Semitic Thought
xxv The Need and Usefulness of Mark H. Gelber
Diaspora Studies Gabriel
52 The Concept of Diaspora
(Gabi) Sheffer
in the Thought of
Diaspora Themes Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik
1 The Concept of Diaspora in Marc D. Angel
Biblical Literature
54 Jewry as an Archetypical Diaspora
Carl D. Evans
Gabriel Sheffer
4 The Concept of Diaspora in
57 Jewish Self-Hatred
Talmudic Thought
Ritchie Robertson
Eliezer Segal
61 Diaspora, Exile, and Jewish
8 Diaspora in the Hellenistic Period
Identity
Edrel Arie
Howard K. Wettstein
17 Symbols of the Diaspora
Ellen Frankel History of the Diaspora
64 Jews and Judaism in Ancient
23 Liturgy in the Diaspora
World Literature
Raymond Apple
Timothy Andrew McCaffrey
31 The Concept of Exile and Diaspora
72 History of Jews as a Minority
in Sephardi Thought
Robert M. Seltzer
Marc D. Angel
78 The Lost Tribes of Israel
34 Lurianic Kabbalah and the Idea
Amotz Asa-El
of the Diaspora
Shaul Magid 87 The Samaritan Diaspora
Alan D. Crown
38 Communication in the Premodern
Jewish Diaspora Sophia Menache 90 History of the Karaite Diaspora
Fred Astren
viii CONTENTS
Persecution of Diaspora Jews 150 Jewish–Islamic Mutual
95 History of Jewish Persecution Infl uences
and Expulsion Esperanza Alfonso
Frederick Schweitzer
156 Th e Widespread Phenomena
103 Varieties of Anti-Semitism of Marranism and
Ritchie Robertson Hidden Jews
Gloria Mound
107 Literary Anti-Semitism
Mark H. Gelber 160 Brazilian Marranism
Anita Waingort Novinsky
112 Western Democracies and
Translation by Mike Boyington
the Holocaust
William D. Rubinstein Languages of the Diaspora
167 Characteristics of
115 Euro-Arab Anti-Semitism
Jewish Languages
Bat Ye’or
David M. Bunis
118 Th e New Anti-Semitism
171 Varieties of Diaspora Languages
Danny Ben-Moshe
John Myhill
123 Th e Dissemination of Early
180 Judeo-Spanish in the Turkish
Christianity beyond the
Social Context
Jewish Diaspora
Mary Altabev
Marianne Dacy
184 Two-Tiered Relexifi cation in
Religious Fusion and Yiddish: Jews, Sorbs, Khazars,
Interaction in the Diaspora and the Kiev-Polessian Dialect
126 Jewish Diaspora and the Paul Wexler
Spreading of Christianity
187 A Perspective on Judeo-Ibero-
Edward Kessler
Romance, Yiddish, and Rotwelsch
132 Jewish Infl uence on the Paul Wexler
Formation of the
191 Th e Yiddish-German Irony
Christian Scriptures
Frank Heynick
Alison Salvesen
193 Yiddish as a Diaspora Language
136 History of Judeo-Christian
and Its Future
Communities in the
Dovid Katz
Jewish Diaspora
David J. Rudolph
197 Th e Integration of Yiddish
into English
139 Islamization and Jews in the
Arnie Keogh
Medieval Middle East
Fred Astren
200 Diaspora Infl uences on Modern
Hebrew (“Israeli”)
141 Christian–Jewish Dialogue:
Ghilad Zuckermann
18th Century
Klaus L. Berghahn
Music and Culture
146 Contemporary Judeo-Christian of the Diaspora
Communities in the 206 Overview of Diaspora
Jewish Diaspora Jewish Music
David J. Rudolph Marsha Bryan Edelman
CONTENTS ix
214 Liturgical Music of Sephardi Jews 287 Genetic Diseases and
Mark Kligman the Diaspora
Joel Zlotogora
218 Liturgy and Music of Syrian Jews
Mark Kligman 292 Evolution of Jewish
Genealogic Studies
220 Humor and Satire in
Sallyann Sack
Judeo-Spanish Song
Judith R. Cohen 294 Jews, Diaspora, and Medicine
Frank Heynick
222 Music and the Reconstruction of
Iberian Crypto-Jewish Identity 301 Freud, Judaism, and the
Judith R. Cohen Emergence of Psychoanalysis
Frank Heynick
225 Contemporary Jewish Music
in America
Mark Kligman Sephardi, Oriental, and
Ashkenazi Ethnicities
229 Rescue and Virtual Preservation
and Culture
of Diaspora Cultural Heritage by
305 Jews under Muslim Rule
the Center for Jewish Art
Frederick Schweitzer
Aliza Cohen-Mushlin
309 History of the Religious
233 Jewish Contributions to the Arts
Leadership of Oriental Jewry
Sylvia Barack Fishman
Menachem Ben-Sasson
Women in the Diaspora 315 Insights into Sephardic
251 Th e Jewish Diaspora and the Intellectual History
Role of Women Marc D. Angel
Judith R. Baskin
320 Jewish Enlightenment and
255 Sephardi Women, Marriage, and Its Impact on the Diaspora
Family: 16th–17th Centuries Shmuel Feiner
Ruth Lamdan
325 Beginning of Hasidism in
260 Jewish Women in Central Europe:
Eastern Europe
19th–20th Centuries
M. Avrum Ehrlich
Dieter J. Hecht
264 Women, Family, and Identity in Israel and the Diaspora
Imperial Germany (1871–1918) 328 Jewish Immigration to Pre-State
Marion Kaplan and Modern Israel
Danny Ben-Moshe
267 Jewish Women in Yemen
Yael Katzir 333 Diaspora Anti-Zionism
Th omas A. Kolsky
271 Women and Egalitarianism in
American Judaism
340 Jewish Diaspora Engagement
Shaul Magid
with Israel
Danny Ben-Moshe
Genetics, Medicine, and
Genealogy 345 Education in Israel about
275 Jewish Genetic Diseases the Diaspora
Edwin H. Kolodny Matt Silver and Aliza Shenhar