Encyclopedia of the Antarctic

1274 Pages·2006·11.89 MB·English

by  Beau Riffenburgh

EncyclopEdia of thE
AntArctic

EncyclopEdia of thE
AntArctic
VOLUME 1
A–K
INDEX
Beau Riffenburgh
EditoR
New York London
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CONTENTS
Advisors vii
List ofContributors ix
Introduction xix
List ofEntriesA–Z xxiii
Thematic List ofEntries xxxi
Map ofAntarctica xxxvii
Map oftheAntarctic Peninsula xxxix
EntriesA–Z 1
Appendices:
ChronologyofAntarctic Exploration 1109
The Antarctic Treaty 1115
Signatoriesto theAntarctic Treaty 1119
SCAR Code ofConductfor Useof AnimalsforScientific Purposes inAntarctica 1123
Protocolon Environmental Protection tothe Antarctic Treaty 1125
Scientific Research Stationsin theAntarctic Region, Austral Winter2005 1135
Antarctic Academic Journals 1137
Maps 1139
Index I1
v

ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Liz Cruwys
Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
ADVISORY BOARD
DavidK. A. Barnes
British Antarctic Survey, United Kingdom
IanBoyd
Sea Mammal ResearchUnit, University ofSt.Andrews, United Kingdom
Steven L.Chown
Departmentof Zoology,University ofStellenbosch, SouthAfrica
Peter Clarkson
SCAR, Scott PolarResearch Institute, University ofCambridge, United Kingdom
StanleyS. Jacobs
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
T.H. Jacka
Australian Antarctic Division
MartinO. Jeffries
Geophysical Institute, Universityof AlaskaFairbanks
Georg Kleinschmidt
Geologisch-Pala¨ontologisches Institut, Universita¨tFrankfurt, Germany
John Turner
British Antarctic Survey, United Kingdom
A. D. M.Walker
Research OfficeandSchool ofPure andApplied Physics, University ofKwaZulu-Natal, SouthAfrica
DavidW.H. Walton
British Antarctic Survey, United Kingdom
Eric J.Woehler
Universityof Tasmania,Australia
Gillian Wratt
DirectoroftheNewZealandAntarcticProgrammeandChiefExecutiveoftheNewZealandAntarcticInstitute,
1992–2002
vii

CONTRIBUTORS
DavidJ. Agnew Roberto Bargagli
ImperialCollege, RoyalSchool ofMines,United Universita` degli Studi diSiena,Italy
Kingdom
David K.A. Barnes
DavidAinley British Antarctic Survey
H. T.Harvey andAssociates Ecological Consultant,
San Jose,California Susan Barr
Directorate forCultural Heritage, Norway
IanAllison
Australian Antarctic Division, Antarctic Climate and William Barr
Ecosystems Cooperative ResearchCentre University ofCalgary, Canada
H. J.P. Arnold J. E.Barrett
British JournalofPhotography Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College
KevinArrigo Bjørn L. Basberg
StanfordUniversity, California Norwegian School ofEconomics andBusiness
Administration
MichaelAshley
University ofNewSouthWales, Australia T. H. Baughman
University ofCentral Oklahoma
VernonL. Asper
University ofSouthern Mississippi Peter J. Beck
Kingston University, United Kingdom
AngusAtkinson
British Antarctic Survey IgorBelkin
Graduate School ofOceanography, University of
PhilipAyres Rhode Island
Monash University, Australia
Brian D. Bell
JuneDebenham Back WildlifeManagementInternationalLtd.,NewZealand
Norfolk, United Kingdom
Dana Bergstrom
Peter G. Baines Australian Antarctic Division
University ofMelbourne, Australia
Martha´n Bester
Simon P.Balm Mammal Research Institute, University ofPretoria,
SantaMonica College SouthAfrica
CarloBarbante Robert Bindschadler
Department ofEnvironmental Sciences, University Hydrospheric andBiospheric SciencesLaboratory,
ofVenice, Italy NASA GoddardSpace Flight
Christophe Barbraud Richard Bintanja
Centre d’E´tudesBiologiques deChize´,France Utrecht University, TheNetherlands
ix