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MACMILLAN LIBRARY REFERENCE PATRICK L. MASON, EDITOR IN CHIEF SECOND EDITION E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F RACE RACISM A • N THE MACMILLAN SCIENCE LIBRARY • D Encyclopedia of Race and Racism Encyclopedia of Race and Racism VOLUME 1 A–C Patrick L. Mason EDITORIN CHIEF EncyclopediaofRaceandRacism,2ndedition ª2013Gale,CengageLearning PatrickL.Mason,EditorinChief ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereinmaybe reproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformorbyanymeansgraphic, electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnotlimitedtophotocopying,recording, scanning,digitizing,taping,Webdistribution,informationnetworks,orinformation storageretrievalsystems,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976 UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat GaleCustomerSupport,1-800-877-4253. Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct, submitallrequestsonlineatwww.cengage.com/permissions. Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbeemailedto [email protected] Sincethispagecannotlegiblyaccommodateallcopyrightnotices,the acknowledgmentsconstituteanextensionofthecopyrightnotice. Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethereliabilityoftheinformation presentedinthispublication,Gale,apartofCengageLearning,doesnotguaranteethe accuracyofthedatacontainedherein.Galeacceptsnopaymentforlisting;and inclusioninthepublicationofanyorganization,agency,institution,publication,service, orindividualdoesnotimplyendorsementoftheeditorsorpublisher.Errorsbroughtto theattentionofthepublisherandverifiedtothesatisfactionofthepublisherwillbe correctedinfutureeditions. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Encyclopediaofraceandracism/PatrickL.Mason,editorinchief.—2nded. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-02-866174-2(set:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-02-866175-9(v.1:alk. paper)—ISBN978-0-02-866176-6(v.2:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-02-866177-3 (vol3:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-02-866195-7(ebook) 1. Racism—UnitedStates—Encyclopedias.2. UnitedStates—Racerelations— Encyclopedias.3. UnitedStates—Ethnicrelations—Encyclopedias.4. Minorities—UnitedStates—Socialconditions—Encyclopedias.5. Race relations—Encyclopedias.6.Racism—Encyclopedias. I.Mason,PatrickL. E184.A1E5842013 305.800973—dc23 2012036450 Gale 27500DrakeRd. FarmingtonHills,MI48331-3535 ISBN-13:978-0-02-866174-2(set) ISBN-10:0-02-866174-5 ISBN-13:978-0-02-866175-9(vol.1) ISBN-10:0-02-866175-3 ISBN-13:978-0-02-866176-6(vol.2) ISBN-10:0-02-866176-1 ISBN-13:978-0-02-866177-3(vol.3) ISBN-10:0-02-866177-X ISBN-13:978-0-02-866024-0(vol.4) ISBN-10:0-02-866024-2 Thistitleisalsoavailableasane-book. ISBN-13:978-0-02-866195-7 ISBN-10:0-02-866195-8 ContactyourGalesalesrepresentativefororderinginformation. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 17 16 15 14 13 Editorial Board EDITORINCHIEF Patrick L. Mason ProfessorofEconomicsandDirector,AfricanAmericanStudiesProgram FloridaStateUniversity ASSOCIATEEDITORS Natasha B. Barnes AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofEnglish UniversityofIllinoisatChicago William A. Darity Jr. Arts&SciencesProfessorofPublicPolicy;ProfessorofAfricanandAfrican-AmericanStudies andEconomics;Chair,DepartmentofAfricanandAfricanAmericanStudies;andDirector, ResearchNetworkonRacialandEthnicInequality DukeUniversity,NC Laurent Dubois MarcelloLottiProfessorofRomanceStudiesandHistory;Director,CenterforFrench andFrancophoneStudies;CodirectoroftheHaitiLabatthe FranklinHumanitiesInstitute DukeUniversity,NC Joseph L. Graves Jr. AssociateDeanforResearchandProfessorofBiologicalStudiesattheJointSchool ofNanoscienceandNanoengineering NorthCarolinaAgricultural&TechnicalStateUniversity andtheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro Nancy Lopez AssociateProfessorofSociology,CofounderandCodirector,Institutefor theStudyof‘‘Race’’&SocialJustice, RWJFCenterforHealthPolicy UniversityofNewMexico CONSULTANTS Neil Caplan Scholar-in-Residence VanierCollege,QC,Canada Ashwini Deshpande Professor,DepartmentofEconomics DelhiSchoolofEconomics,UniversityofDelhi,India Philip J. Mattar EditorinChief, EncyclopediaoftheModern MiddleEastandNorthAfrica REVIEWERS Jonathan Boyarin LeonardandTobeeKaplanDistinguishedProfessorof ModernJewishThought,CarolinaCenterforJewishStudies UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill Corey D. B. Walker AssociateProfessorandChair,DepartmentofAfricanaStudies BrownUniversity,RI This page intentionally left blank Editorial and Production Staff PROJECTEDITOR JessicaHornikEvans PAGEDESIGN DaveSalamie AngelaDoolin KristineJulien PROOFREADERS ASSOCIATEPUBLISHER IMAGING He´le`nePotter JudithClinebell ElizabethCranston JohnWatkins CONTRIBUTINGEDITORS BrendaErrichiello LawrenceW.Baker PERMISSIONS CUSTOMGRAPHICS EllyDickason AlanHedblad PreMediaGlobal ScottRosen,BillSmithGroup CathyMackillop JillianBrall,QBSLearning INDEXER ChelseaMerchan SheilaSpencer LaurieAndriot MANUSCRIPTEDITORS MANUFACTURING JudithClinebell COMPOSITION JudithCulligan EviSeoud RhondaDover This page intentionally left blank Contents VOLUME1 Introduction XI List of Articles XV Contributors XXIII Thematic Outline XXXIX ENCYCLOPEDIAOFRACEANDRACISM A–C 1 VOLUME2 ENCYCLOPEDIAOFRACEANDRACISM D–I 1 VOLUME3 ENCYCLOPEDIAOFRACEANDRACISM J–R 1 VOLUME4 ENCYCLOPEDIAOFRACEANDRACISM S–Z 1 Annotated Bibliography 301 Annotated Filmography 311 List of Primary Sources 331 Primary Sources 333 Index 415 IX

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Encyclopedia of Race and Racism: 4 Volume Set PDF

2071 Pages·2013·45.637 MB·English
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Publication Year:2013
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