Encyclopedia Of Protestantism

658 Pages·2005·26.51 MB·English

by  J. Gordon Melton

Encyclopedia of
Protestantism
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Encyclopedia of Buddhism
Encyclopedia of Catholicism
Encyclopedia of Hinduism
Encyclopedia of Islam
Encyclopedia of Judaism
Encyclopedia of Protestantism
Encyclopedia of World Religions
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Encyclopedia of
Protestantism
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J. Gordon Melton
J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor
Encyclopedia of Protestantism
Copyright © 2005 by J. Gordon Melton
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or
by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from
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Facts On File, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of Protestantism/[edited by] J. Gordon Melton.
p. cm.—(Encyclopedias of world religions)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-5456-8 (alk. paper)
1. Protestantism—Encyclopedias. I. Melton, J. Gordon. II. Series.
BX4811.3.E54 2005
280'.4'03—dc22 2004016792
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Text design by Erika Arroyo
Cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
contents
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About the Editor vi
List of Illustrations vii
Preface ix
Introduction: The Protestant Movement xi
Chronology xx
ENTRIES A TO Z 1
Bibliography 599
Index 605
about the editor
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Series editor J. Gordon Melton is the director of edited more than three dozen books and
the Institute for the Study of American Religion anthologies as well as numerous papers and arti-
in Santa Barbara, California. He holds an M.Div. cles for scholarly journals. He is the series editor
from the Garrett Theological Seminary and a for Religious Information Systems, which sup-
Ph.D. from Northwestern University. Melton is plies data and information in religious studies
the author of American Religions: An Illustrated and related fields. Melton is a member of the
Historyand author of The Encyclopedia of Ameri- American Academy of Religion, the Society for
can Religions: Religious Creeds; Religious Leaders the Scientific Study of Religion, the American
of America; and several comprehensive works on Society of Church History, the Communal Stud-
Islamic culture, African-American religion, cults, ies Association, and the Society for the Study of
and alternative religions. He has written or Metaphysical Religion.
vi
list of illustrations
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Short Street Church, Baltimore, Wheaton College, Illinois 211 Aimee Semple McPherson 369
Maryland 10 Early Quaker meeting depiction Statue of John Wesley 375
Kawaihao Church, Hawaii 23 230 Oldest Methodist church in
Amish bookstore 26 John Hus 277 Mexico City 377
Cathedral Church of St. Anne Hutchinson 278 Dwight Moody 383
Andrew, Hawaii 29 Bible verse on roadside sign 289 Lottie Moon 384
Annie Armstrong 46 Angelus Temple 293 Interior of the Moravian church
Statue of Francis Asbury 49 Moody Memorial Church, at Herrnhut, Germany 385
Lutheran Church, Augsburg, Chicago 301 Gravesite of Robert Morrison
Germany 56 Waldensian Church, Turin, Italy 387
Wesleyan baptism 67 302 John R. Mott 388
Baptist mission, Mexico City 70 Japanese Christian diaspora Orphanage built by George
Youth holding a Bible 83 congregation 306 Müller 389
Des Plaines Campgrounds 121 E. Stanley Jones 311 Watchman Nee 391
Presbyterian Church of Taiwan Adoniram Judson 313 Phoebe Palmer 414
141 Leontine Kelly 319 Stone Church, Toronto 421
Collegiate Church of St. James, Jessie Penn-Lewis 321 Statue of A. H. Francke 428
Wolverhampton, England 149 Helen Kim 322 Philip A. Potter 435
First Church of the Nazarene, Global Mission Church 329 First Presbyterian Church, Salt
Washington, D.C. 155 Emilio Castro and Nelson Lake City 439
Thomas Coke 157 Mandela 339 Sandy Springs, Maryland,
Bethany Congregational Church, Witness Lee and T. Austin Friends Meeting House 452
Santa Barbara, California 161 Sparks 347 Calvin auditory, Geneva,
St. Luke Episcopal Church, Statue of Martin Luther, Switzerland 456
Honolulu, Hawaii 164 Worms, Germany 353 Chapel of the Air Ministries,
Model of the Synod of Dort 191 Calvary Evangelical Church, Sil- Wheaton, Illinois 459
Church of Christ congregation ver Spring, Maryland 355 Restoration movement church,
197 Church at Marburg 362 Washington, D.C. 461
vii
K viii Encyclopedia of Protestantism
David Lipscomb’s log cabin Spurgeon’s Tabernacle, Universal Church of the King-
462 London 514 dom of God center, Atlanta,
Luther Rice 468 Clara Swain 523 Georgia 557
St. Mark United Methodist James Hudson Taylor 528 Charles Wesley 565
Church, Santa Barbara, Cali- TEAM headquarters, Wheaton, John Wesley 566
fornia 478 Illinois 530 Home of Frances Willard,
Seventh-day Adventist semi- Isabella Thoburn 531 Evanston, Illinois 574
nary, Collonges-sous-Salève, Desmond Tutu 539 Church door at Wittenburg,
France 491 Hau’ula Congregational Germany 578
Menno Simons 496 Church, Oahu, Hawaii 545 First Methodist Church,
William Taylor 507 Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London Evanston, Illinois 584
Southern Baptists headquarters, 547 Statue of Ulrich Zwingli 597
Nashville, Tennessee 509 Hollywood United Methodist
Honolulu, Hawaii, Church, Hollywood, Califor-
mission press 510 nia 550
preface
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The Encyclopedias of World Religions series has in India across southern Asia and then through
been designed to provide comprehensive coverage Tibet and China to Korea and Japan. Each time it
of six major global religious traditions—Buddhism, crossed a language barrier, something was lost,
Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, but something seemed equally to be gained, and
and Protestant Christianity. The volumes have been an array of forms of Buddhism emerged. In Japan
constructed in an A-to-Z format to provide a handy alone, Buddhism exists in hundreds of different
guide to the major terms, concepts, people, events, sect groupings. Protestantism, the newest of the
and organizations that have, in each case, trans- six traditions, began with at least four different
formed the religion from its usually modest begin- and competing forms of the religious life and has
nings to the global force that it has become. since splintered into thousands of denominations.
Each of these religions began as the faith of a At the beginning of the 19th century, the six
relatively small group of closely related ethnic religious traditions selected for coverage in this
peoples. Each has, in the modern world, become a series were largely confined to a relatively small
global community, and, with one notable excep- part of the world. Since that time, the world has
tion, each has transcended its beginning to changed dramatically, with each of the traditions
become an international multiethnic community. moving from its geographical center to become a
Judaism, of course, largely defines itself by its global tradition. While the traditional religions of
common heritage and ancestry and has an alter- many countries retain the allegiance of a majority
native but equally fascinating story. Surviving of the population, they do so in the presence of
long after most similar cultures from the ancient the other traditions as growing minorities. Other
past have turned to dust, Judaism has, in this cen- countries—China being a prominent example—
tury, regathered its scattered people into a home- have no religious majority, only a number of
land while simultaneously watching a new minorities that must periodically interface with
diaspora carry Jews into most of the contempo- one another.
rary world’s countries. The religiously pluralistic world created by the
Each of the major traditions has also, in the global diffusion of the world’s religions has made
modern world, become amazingly diverse. Bud- knowledge of religions, especially religions prac-
dhism, for example, spread from its original home ticed by one’s neighbors, a vital resource in the
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