Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers

746 Pages·2009·228.03 MB·English

by  Brickell C. (Ed.)

A MER ICA N
HORTICULTUR AL
SOCIET Y
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
&
PLANTS
FLOWERS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
ENCYCLOPEDIA O&F
PLANTS
FLOWERS

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
ENCYCLOPEDIA O&F
PLANTS
FLOWERS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL
LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, DELHI
DK LONDON
Senior Editor Helen Fewster
Project Editors Emma Callery, Joanna Chisholm, Chauney Dunford,
Caroline Reed, Becky Shackleton, Caroline West
Additional Editorial Assistance Monica Byles, May Corfield, Annelise
Evans, Diana Vowles, Fiona Wild
Senior Art Editors Joanne Doran, Elaine Hewson, Lucy Parissi
Designers Mark Latter, Laura Mingozzi, Vicky Read, Becky Tennant
Jacket Designer Mark Cavanagh
Database Manager David Roberts
Production Editor Joanna Byrne
Picture Researchers Mel Watson, Janet Johnson
DK Picture Library Jenny Baskaya
Managing Editor Esther Ripley
Managing Art Editor Alison Donovan
Associate Publisher Liz Wheeler
Art Director Peter Luff, Bryn Walls
Publisher Jonathan Metcalf
North American Editors Christine Heilman, Rebecca Warren
American Horticultural Society Editors David J. Ellis,
Caroline Bentley, Katherine Hoffman, Eileen Powell
DK INDIA
Editor Nidhilekha Mathur
Assistant Editors Archana Ramachandran, Suefa Lee,
Parameshwari Sircar
Designer Nitu Singh
Senior DTP Designer Tarun Sharma
Managing Editor Suchismita Banerjee
Managing Art Editor Romi Chakraborty
DTP Manager Sunil Sharma
FIRST EDITION
Senior Editor Jane Aspden
Editors Liza Bruml, Joanna Chisholm, Roger Smoothy, Jo Weeks
Additional editorial assistance from Jane Birdsell, Lynn Bresler,
Jenny Engelmann, Kate Grant, Shona Grimbly, Susanna Longley,
Andrew Mikolajski, Diana Miller, Celia Van Oss, Anthony Whitehorn
Senior Art Editor Ina Stradins
Designer Amanda Lunn
First American edition published by Macmillan Publishing Company in 1989
Second American edition published by DK Publishing in 2002
This fully revised and updated edition first published in America in 2011
Published in the United States by
DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
12 13 14 15 16 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001—176672—October/2011
Copyright © 1989, 2002, 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited
All rights reserved
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may
be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form,
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the
prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-7566-6857-0
Color reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore
Printed and bound in China by L.Rex Printing Co Ltd
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions,
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PREFACE
Americans enjoy many hobbies, but surveys continue to show that gardening is the single
most popular leisure time activity. At the same time, given the fast-paced, multitasking,
technology-driven lifestyle that seems to be the norm in the 21st century, most of us have
less time for gardening than we might like.
In developing this revised and updated edition of the AHS Encyclopedia of Plants & Flowers,
our goal was to address this challenge by providing a wealth of practical and inspirational
plant selection and design information in an easy-to-use format that is suited to both new
gardeners and experienced ones.
Among the useful components is the Plant Selector section, which offers detailed lists
of plants suited to particular garden sites—such as sun or shade, dry or moist soil, and
containers—or plants with particular attributes, such as fragrant flowers or decorative
fruits. Within each list, plants are subdivided by type and can be cross-referenced with
the more detailed plant entries included in the Plant Catalog and Plant Dictionary sections.
The Plant Catalog is divided into plant groups such as annuals, perennials, bulbs, grasses,
shrubs, vines, and trees. Under each broad category, special sections are devoted to popular
or useful plant groups that include conifers, hollies, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, roses,
clematis, hellebores, daylilies, and daffodils, to name but a few. New to this edition is a section
for subtropical plants, orchids, and succulents, which have become very popular for use in
containers or for summer color even in regions where they are not fully hardy. Each section
of the catalog is further organized into useful categories such as season of bloom, mature
size, and flower or foliage color so it is easy to locate plants that will provide exactly the
features you want for any garden situation. Each entry includes a color photograph of the
plant so you can see exactly what it looks like, and provides complete information on the
plant’s growing requirements.
In addition to the more than 4,000 plants illustrated in the catalog, another 4,000 are covered
in the Plant Dictionary section, providing additional choices that are suitable for a wide range
of gardens and regions, and supplementing the growing information provided in the catalog.
Whether you are a new gardener eager to begin designing your first yard or a veteran
searching for the perfect plants to fill a few gaps, this encyclopedia allows you to quickly
identify a variety of plants that will thrive in different sites in your garden. By enhancing your
ability to select the best plants, we hope it will make your garden more enjoyable, successful,
and productive—and allow you more time to relax and enjoy the fruits of your labor.
From all of us at the American Horticultural Society, happy gardening!
Tom Underwood
Executive Director, American Horticultural Society
CONTRIBUTORS
FIFTH EDITION REVIEWED BY
Zia Allaway Bulbs
Christopher Brickell Rock Plants, Climbers
John R. L. Carter Water and Bog Plants
Philip Clayton Perennials
Philip Harkness Roses
Graham Rice Annuals and Biennials,
Perennials
Tony Russell Trees, Shrubs
Julian Shaw Tender and Exotics,
Plant Dictionary
FIRST EDITION CONTRIBUTORS
Susyn Andrews Hollies
Larry Barlow with W. B. Wade Chrysanthemums
Kenneth A. Beckett Shrubs, Climbers,
with David Pycraft Bromeliads, Plant Selector
John Brookes with Linden Hawthorne Introduction
Eric Catterall with Richard Gilbert Begonias
Allen J. Coombes Plant Origins, Trees,
Shrubs, Glossary
Philip Damp with Roger Aylett Dahlias
Kate Donald Peonies, Daffodils
Kath Dryden Rock Plants
Raymond Evison Clematis
Diana Grenfell Hostas
Peter Harkness Roses
Linden Hawthorne Chapter Introductions
Terry Hewitt Cacti and Other Succulents
David Hitchcock Carnations and Pinks
Hazel Key Pelargoniums
Sidney Linnegar Irises
Brian Mathew Irises, Bulbs
Victoria Matthews Climbers, Lilies, Tulips
David McClintock Grasses, Bamboos,
Rushes and Sedges
Diana Miller Perennials
with Richard Gilbert African Violets
John Paton Perennials
Charles Puddle Camellias
Wilma Rittershausen with Sabina Knees Orchids
Peter Q. Rose with Hazel Key Ivies
Keith Rushforth Conifers
A. D. Schilling Rhododendrons and Azaleas
Arthur Smith Gladioli
Philip Swindells with Peter Barnes Ferns
with Kath Dryden and Jack Wemyss-Cooke Primulas
with Peter Robinson Water Plants
John Thirkell Delphiniums
Alan Toogood Annuals and Biennials
Major General Patrick Turpin Heathers
with David Small
Michael Upward Perennials
John Wright with Nancy Darnley Fuchsias
CONTENTS
Preface 5 Climbers and Rock plants 328
wall shrubs 188 Large 332
How to use this book 8
Clematis 198
Plant names and origins 10 Wisteria 205 Small 347
Gentians 370
Honeysuckle 207
Creating a garden 12 Houseleeks 377
Plant selector 31 Perennials 212
Bulbs 378
including grasses, bamboos,
including corms and tubers
PLANT CATALOG rushes, sedges, and ferns
Large 382
Large 216
Trees 56 Delphiniums 217 Gladioli 384
including conifers Himalayan poppies 218 Alstroemerias 387
Large 60 Echinacea (Coneflowers) 221 Lilies 388
Cannas 394
Japanese anemones 222
Medium 69 Dahlias 396
Magnolias 70 Medium 223
Ornamental bark 78 Irises 224 Medium 399
Tulips 400
Aquilegias 226
Small 80 Daffodils 404
Peonies 228
Flowering dogwoods 87 Crocosmia 410
Astilbes 232
Sorbus (Mountain ash) 91
Persicaria 234
Hollies 94 Small 414
Penstemons 236
Crocuses 417
Large conifers 95 Oriental poppies 238
Phlox 240
Water and bog plants 430
Medium conifers 99 Campanulas 241
Water lilies 440
Daylilies 244
Small conifers 103
Yarrow 247
Dwarf conifers 105 Tender and exotic plants 446
Helenium 248
including cacti and
Michaelmas daisies 249
Shrubs 106 other succulents
Salvias 250
Large 110 Trees 450
Rudbeckia 251
Buddlejas 114
Chrysanthemums 252
Shrubs 453
Lilacs 115
Red-hot pokers 254
Witch hazels 118
Climbers 459
Small 254
Medium 120
Primulas 257 Perennials 465
Camellias 120
Lungworts 261 Orchids 466
Rhododendrons 124
Carnations and pinks 266 Bromeliads 471
Cornus 126
Hostas 272 African violets 472
Hydrangeas 134
Sedum 279 Gingers 477
Shrubs for berries 142
Lenten roses 281
Heuchera and x Heucherella 282 Cacti and other succulents 479
Small 145
Agaves 482
Hardy fuchsias 154
Grasses, bamboos, rushes Aloes 493
Salvias 155
and sedges 284
Lavenders 158
Heathers 166 Ferns 290
PLANT DICTIONARY 497
Roses 168 Annuals, biennials,
Shrub and Old Garden roses 172 and bedding 294 Index of common names 725
Hips and thorns 176 Fuchsias 302
Glossary of terms 736
Modern roses 177 Pelargoniums 309
Climbing roses 184 Begonias 317 Acknowledgments 738
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
The core of this book is its two main sections—The Plant Catalog and the
Plant Dictionary. Here you will find descriptions and cultivation advice
for thousands of plants. Plant Names and Origins explains the system for
classifying and naming plants, while the new introduction, Creating a
Garden, offers advice on design, planting, and basic pruning.
The Plant Selector The Plant Catalog
The Plant Selector recommends plants for a variety of sites, This section combines plant portraits and descriptions in a colorful
soils, and purposes, making it easy to find one to suit your catalog of 4,000 plants divided into groups: Trees (including
needs. The list is divided into 23 useful categories, including conifers); Shrubs; Roses; Climbers and Wall Shrubs; Perennials
plants for groundcover in sun or shade, drought-tolerant (including grasses, bamboos, rushes, sedges, and ferns); Annuals,
plants, fragrant plants, and those suitable for hedges and Biennials, and Bedding Plants; Rock Plants; Bulbs; Water and Bog
windbreaks. Many are included in the Plant Catalog and Plants; and Tender and Exotic Plants. A short introduction to each
are cross-referenced to a picture and full description. group is followed by plants arranged by size, season of interest, and
color and includes feature panels on plants with particular appeal.
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ct hi8urne prah ar,iyp7imv g.duearpm4b,aop ges .94rrtsm4u sonirmiz39in8dsinuaso6afa 2 aenatsncvjea ucnsaaaac,nacs t,ntrpu iiabu.pead .elusr.4te 4arinc7 6n v6i‘5fLstloa,s ruparpe.4n8ti3i’,, 484, 33(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:5) (cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:14)(cid:8)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:3)(cid:12) CIchyspbcCtPTpfoiooa alahamaaay anulvsestgonogaeepnt t eretuwhala dlo isoy anrr e ha tekglt faog .wnosfoen r dl,niepe tarosigi t sncce dthwythtotag hchoie p ls tnielate uhmi doPgoiai errtpe p ls ens agcgswlnl nanhaiaenezta nctoraieat dyf ehtco my eh oiab,sn n teroeu , rt (cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:6)(cid:10)(cid:7) WMSPHERITDIENIGUM CVgflfAouPliholgslIasoNohDsewrKeyond,e uo d,dZ smwa5 ,b –rdhe9yke i l tggeHcerirs9 defle –sueeo1pnnoweiu sleceshr,ias -obvy iseuenasls l e hoa‘aMy1wn3r0 mdlfs otyfh rpe sruirpuniltobrksi.o.-n Hsg1e0,a fits 0’3 m CDLrflabAenueyoedda sctd hvo iiDeedneenaeu sdferp toa,ala yluwrrls e.ess htd S, uegZ ib hmt5rfleuora– dmu7sslfll shiiootevHyyswwra,7,. d–larsey5iarprc erscrak uefit noapgudl -rllssoaie1 n3ht0wemegfant e ps,sd peht udrrir,un npbgii.n n 1 g0kf t- 03 m
which each plant group
Photographic reference Top choices Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’ Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’
is subdivided—usually by Evergreen, compact shrub with aromatic, Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,
Gaprhaeor ditloelugnsr tatrhpaehtemsd eo, sft osageneldet hcuteesred ws p i ltahn ts. Pbalylpa ghnratosb uaeprtei,c taahlrelryan.n lgisetded sicniaztteee rgaeonsrtdi.e (msS, ealeeinf ta .s)lesoa sSoinze o f g3wasaAprg–lhoe5rais i iptnlDsneirnyg oifl,e n a ddoaZ neuawr8d a–rclek1er etr0l adhygs fl e ,Hrif ennepa1te l i0spqlnn–.. ruk8 Col-ietlflfueauu vssosteifheostreen scdn oio ni mfn 1 3s 0pmbcftouesndet,d e d1o0,f f t 03m coflBopomwenDpe rfauscM ntt hnhtaeatlb -fsia thZ.d a6Ien–p 9t elo adH tw,e9 p– hs6eiptaerci.h n13-g0myf teplrloowdu c1e0sft 03m
Plant portraits
Size categories Color photographs assist
in the identification and
Within most groups in the Plant differently from group to group. Sizes selection of plants. CEvheorigsryeae nte, rrnouantad e(dM, edxeincasen sohrraunbg ew)i th MEvyerrtgurse ecno,m bumsuhny issh (rCuobm wmitho nar momyrattliec), VDiebcuidrnuouums, bbiutcshhyiu sehnrsueb with oval, C‘Ea.Gm. eWllaiate xr hwoiullsiaem’ sii
aromatic, glossy, bright green leaves glossy, dark green foliage. Fragrant, dark green leaves. Rounded heads Evergreen, upright shrub with lance-
Catalog, plants are arranged by are based on plant heights. The specific cfroamgrpaonste, dw ohfi t3e lbelaofloemtss. Copluesnte irns loatfe wtoh eiater lflyo swumerms aerre, fboollronwee fdro bmy mid-spring obfo frrnaeg frraonmt, tmubidu-l ator, lpataele s pprininkg fl, o wers, sdhoaupbeled,, ppianlke flgoreweenr sle aarvee sfr. eFeolyrm al
sofrifzo iemn (t telhareregnste s) .ut oSb isszemeq caualelt,n ebgtuloyt r baieyrse s rdeaaensfigonene d hssmeeciagtilhol tnc ar fanon rbg teeh sfeo furoenrl delav irangn teth, peml aienndttri uogmdrou,u captno.dry Feature panels 122 sAprinDg aZn8d–1 o0 ftHe1n0 –a8gain in fal13l0.mft MAisTawpsfmasinnuhulnniho hn almmodyeslew1giykpux t A 0masfl one-plrahfotdgt,ofoionu e0 aGtni3 trwllerbsdrroim go-anpeede e flw.rwsNd r y rmhiMod o, csiph snawu vhaarioaiOvggtirtg epAerdsereee, frneet isu e e en iafl bd,oLmndgrr vt uae-l sg opeeiapaiIDsssuatn n cl gthuAts bte ihetiiphnrpesndut-rep deleolSb iaZahea fclc sllleu flu8loni lilfoaaoy.yel–romrt lisTc rs ea9 lwfsbs .udgk hoabn atleTHs arerr oeueabr-haem ifouc9rggsno neeeime –t eaeccrscrirr8lnmidehaeeae- rnm u,ng ,l..ip pw s essas PCatalbot osan inlikaoatseenn.idhter lil n cs,ton-d s i ic,tplunbr nga uyuaonis umg d nh lt ronsttr.reka ia fpaygemAvs b go1one e oa3wvis0eocsrrgtrbmoof d t gssateapalamite ald nnbt uclfttnh.e rdu-dyo rpSi osap le lclftahsetomalv rh hremraamnoeo a,rprsps trautuetieiget1ueongt g.b d0tr nr ghe hfse eto rt. 0e 3 tnm , aflAraett feDonlelotdw, beZdla5 –cb7ky Hferg7u–gi5t-s s. haped, 130mft 10fMt 0.3 smprengerpBi vraro. ddiDvua cMed tin s pZr7i–n8g H. 8–7 130mft 10ft 03m
Color order Plant types or genera M. ‘Vulcan’ Magnolia BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’)
Within each group, plants are arranged blues to greens, yellows, and or ang es. of special interest to the
by the color of their main feature. Variegated plants are cate go rized by gardener are presented M. ‘Galaxy’ M. stellata ‘Rosea’ M. ‘Ann’
Colors are arranged in the same order: the color of their foliage variegation in separate feature
from white through reds, purples, and (e.g., white or yellow).
panels within the
M. grandiflora ‘Exmouth’ M. x loebneri ‘Leonard Messel’ M‘Ru. xst sicoau Rlaunbgreaa’ na M. ‘Elizabeth’
appropriate group.
M. ‘Pinkie’ M. stellata ‘Waterlily’ Msu.b csapm. mpboelllilciio mata
Key characteristics
Key to symbols The introduction
describes the plants M. ‘Butterflies’
r Prefers sun u Prefers well-drained soil and gives guidance on
st PTorelefrearste ps afrutlila sl hsahdaed e wv PPrreeffeerrss mweoti ssto siolil c ultivation and planting. 70M. wilsonii M. liliiflora ‘Nigra’ M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’
m Plant portraits Plant names
H Height (or length Needs acidic soil Close-up photographs of The botanical name is given
of trailing stems) t Toxic plant individual flowers or plants and the Group or classification
S Spread allow quick identification where appropriate. Descriptions
8 or selection. and cultivation advice appear in
the Plant Dictionary.