Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence. From Ancient Times to the Present

545 Pages·2007·14.302 MB·English

by  Kohn George Childs

Encyclopedia of
plague and pestilence
from ancient times to the present
Third Edition

Encyclopedia of
plague and pestilence
from ancient times to the present

Third Edition
GEORGE CHILDS KOHN, Editor
Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, Third Edition
Copyright © 2008, 2001, 1995 by George Childs Kohn
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence : from ancient times to the
present / George Childs Kohn, editor. — 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6935-4
ISBN-10: 0-8160-6935-2
1. Epidemics—History—Encyclopedias. I. Kohn, George C.
RA649.E53 2007
614.403—dc22
2006041296
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for
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Text design by Annie O’Donnell
Cover design by Salvatore Luongo
Maps by Patricia Meschino
Printed in the United States of America
VB CGI 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
C O N T E N T S
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
vii
LIST OF MAPS
ix
FOREWORD
xi
PREFACE
xiii
ENTRIES A–Z
1
APPENDIX 1 ENTRIES BY DISEASE
455
APPENDIX 2 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF ENTRIES
467
APPENDIX 3 TIMETABLE OF PLAGUE AND PESTILENCE
475
BIBLIOGRAPHY
491
INDEX
511

L I S T O F I L L U S T R AT I O N S
Galen 9 Black and brown rats 102 Indian refugees living in a
warehouse in Calcutta 169
Danish men sick with influenza Cardinal Thomas Wolsey 106
during Asian Influenza Government workers collect
King Charles II 118
Pandemic of 1957–58 12 dead rats to be checked for
Notice about the sickness of
plague bacteria 184
Image of A Brief Rule to guide
King Louis XIV 119
the Common People of Women covering their
“The fly paper merchant” 120
New England How to order mouths and noses in fear of
Engraving of the plague in
themselves and theirs in the contracting Indian plague 185
Florence, Italy 127
Small Pocks, or Measles,
Engraving entitled
written by Reverend Christopher Columbus 130
“The Plague” by
Thomas Thacher 34
Girolamo Fracastoro 131 Marcantonio Raimondi 199
Cotton Mather 36
Engraving of cholera epidemic Crewmen aboard an old
John Snow 44 of 1832–33 by Honoré warship suffering from
Edward Jenner taking cowpox Daumier 132 typhus fever 205
from the arm of a Engraving by Paulus Furst
Images of Buddha 209
milkmaid 50 of typical clothing worn
Maniac, in front of dying
by physicians to protect
Title page of Edward Jenner’s
citizens, announcing the
them against
pamphlet, 1798 51
doom of London 227
plague 136
Fly that causes sleeping
Queen Mary II 234
Workers carrying Ebola
sickness 68
virus victim corpse to Thomas Sydenham 235
David Livingstone 76
their truck in Mekambo, John Arbuthnot 236
Alphonse Laveran 78
Gabon 141
Crowded conditions that were
Hippocrates 80
Martin Luther 144 breeding grounds for
Florence Nightingale 81 Toussaint Louverture being disease 238
King Louis VII of France 83 arrested by the French Young girl carrying bucket in
Drawings of three species of general Charles Victor Madagascar 243
Leclerc 155
louse 88
Three people wearing
Major Walter Reed 157
Robert Koch at work in his protective clothing at plague
laboratory 95 Max Theiler 160 hospital 251
vii
viii Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence
African green, or vervet, 16th-century engraving of an AIDS patient being assisted
monkey 253 infirmary ward in the by a nurse at his home in
Hôtel-Dieu 295 Hlabisa in mid-July 2000 380
Drawing of “The Plague of
Marseille” from the painting Benjamin Rush 304 Caravans with merchants and
Peste de Marseille, by Baron pilgrims riding on donkeys
Alexandre (-Émile-John)
Francois Gérard 254 in the Middle East 391
Yersin 311
Hernán Cortés 260 Patient receiving medical drugs
Carlos Juan Finlay 321
in the TB ward of Bottom
Historical painting Napoleon
Saint Gregory I 323
Hospital in Malawi 398
Visiting the Plague-Stricken
Drawings of two malarial
in Jaffa 269 Thai patients in the “final
mosquitoes 333
stages” ward of the
Broadsheet publicizing an
Rupert Blue 339 Buddhist Prabat Namphu
official resolution by the
Connecticut governor British physician examining a Temple’s AIDS hospice,
and his council, following wounded Siberian soldier northeast of Bangkok,
a meeting on October 30, for signs of typhus fever 348 2003 401
1974, concerning a Severely ill AIDS patient Nurse spraying disinfectant on
yellow fever carried in a wheelbarrow by some visitors about to enter
outbreak 273 his friend, November 2005 357 Gulu Hospital in northern
Uganda, 2000 409
Simon Flexner 275 Outdoor mortuary in
Physician vaccinating some Barcelona, Spain, with Louis Pasteur 416
working people in a New workers lifting a coffin 368 President Abraham Lincoln 418
York police station during Influenza victims crowded at Emergency polio ward at
the smallpox outbreak in
an emergency hospital in Haynes Memorial Hospital,
1872 276
Kansas in 1918 371 Boston, Massachusetts 428
Sir Francis Bacon 290
Engraving of the port of Engraving of plague hospital in
William C. Gorgas 293 Málaga by Gustave Doré 376 Vienna 438
L I S T O F M A P S
Spread of Asiatic and Approximate Area of the Malaria and Cholera in
European Influenza Byzantine Empire at the South Africa’s Eastern
Pandemic of 1830–1831 13 Start of the Plague of Province, 1999–2000 359
Spread of the Black Death Justinian, c. 542–590 217
Major Island Groups
(Bubonic Plague),
Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever
in the Southwest Pacific
1347–1350 32
with Renal Syndrome
Struck by Dengue
Spread of the Plague through during the Korean War 223
Epidemics in the
the Nile River Delta and
Spread of Smallpox and Other
1970s 365
Beyond, 1347–1349 98
Fatal Diseases in the New
Spread of the Influenza Severe Visceral Leishmaniasis
World 256
Pandemic of 1889 in Epidemic (Also Known as
Spread of the Bubonic Plague
Europe 116 Kala-azar) in 1988–1993 in
(Black Death) throughout the
Spread of Hemorrhagic Southern Sudan 384
Middle East, 1347–1348 263
Conjunctivitis (Infectious
U.S. Yellow Fever Epidemics
Inflammation of the Lining Spread of Cholera through
of 1878–1879 434
of the Eyelids) in India in Russia and Nearby Regions,
1971 175 1892–1893 328 Ebola Virus in Zaire 452
ix