Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology

1998 Pages·2018·38.048 MB·English

by  Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Thomas Kohnen

Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Thomas Kohnen
Editors
Encyclopedia of
Ophthalmology
Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Thomas Kohnen
Editors
Encyclopedia of
Ophthalmology
With453Figuresand34Tables
Editors
UrsulaSchmidt-Erfurth ThomasKohnen
DepartmentofOphthalmologyand DepartmentofOphthalmology
Optometry GoetheUniversityofFrankfurtamMain
MedicalUniversityVienna FrankfurtamMain,Germany
Vienna,Austria
ISBN978-3-540-68292-9 ISBN978-3-540-69000-9(eBook)
ISBN978-3-540-69001-6(printandelectronicbundle)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017954881
#Springer-VerlagGmbHGermany2018
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Preface
Encompassedwithcomprehensiveandfocusedinformation,accompaniedby
high-quality images,detailed tables,and graphicson all relevantophthalmic
topics,theEncyclopediaofOphthalmologyisavaluableresourceforpractic-
ing ophthalmologists from the various ophthalmic subspecialties. This com-
prehensive source of ophthalmological expertise will also be of interest to
optometrists, orthoptists, opticians, low vision specialists, researchers, resi-
dents, medical students, nurse practitioners, and all other eye care profes-
sionalswhodealwiththeanatomy,physiology,anddiseasesoftheeye.
Thereaderwillbenefitfromtheknowledgeofleadingexpertsintherapidly
changing field of ophthalmology with an easy reference, geared to provide
detailed, timely,and relevant information about therapid advances that con-
tinuously influence the field of ophthalmology. Intended as a user-friendly
reference, available in hardcopy and electronic format and continuously
updated.Wehopethatthisencyclopediafacilitateseasyreferenceandclinical
use.
v
Acknowledgment
We would like to extend our thanks to the many authors who devoted an
extensiveamountoftimeincontributingtothedevelopmentofthiscompre-
hensivecoverageofcurrentstate-of-the-artknowledgeinophthalmology.We
wouldalsoliketothanktheconsultantsatSpringerNaturefortheircommit-
menttopublishingthisbook.
vii
List of Topics
ExternalDiseasesandCornea Chlorpromazine,CorneaVerticillata
ChocolateCyst
SectionEditor:ShameemaSikder
Choristomas
ActinicKeratosis Chrysiasis,CornealPigmentation
AcuteHemorrhagicConjunctivitis ClimaticDropletKeratopathy(Spheroidal
AdenoviralKeratoconjunctivitis Degeneration)
AllergicConjunctivitis Coats’WhiteRing
AmnioticMembraneTransplantation CoganSyndrome
Nonpharmacotherapy ComputerizedCornealTopography
AmorphousCornealDystrophy,PosteriorDisease Concretions,Conjunctival
AtopicDermatitis ConcussiveTrauma
Blepharitis CongenitalHereditaryEndothelialDystrophy
Blepharoconjunctivitis CongenitalHereditaryStromalDystrophy
BlueNevus Conjunctiva
BlueSclera ConjunctivalAutograft
Bulla ConjunctivalDegenerations
Burns ConjunctivalFlaps
CalcificBandKeratopathy ConjunctivalInclusionCysts
Canaliculitis ConjunctivalTumors
CandidaKeratitis/OcularInfection Conjunctivitis
CarcinomaInSitu,ofConjunctiva Conjunctivochalasis
CarpenterSyndrome ConnectiveTissueDisorderoftheCornea
CatScratchDisease ContactDermatoblepharitis
Catarrhal(MarginalCorneal)Infiltrates CorneaFarinata
Cellulitis,Preseptal,HaemophilusCausing CorneaPlana
Chalazion CorneaVerticillata
ChandlerSyndrome CornealArcus
ChelationTherapy,forCalcificBandKeratopathy CornealDegenerations
ChemicalInjury(Burns) CornealGuttata
Chemosis CornealIntraepithelialNeoplasia
Chlamydia CornealPatching
ChloroquineToxicity,CorneaVerticillata CornealPigmentations
ix
x ListofTopics
CornealTattoo EyeBankAssociationofAmerica
CornealUlcers EyeBanking
CorneoretinalDystrophy,Bietti’sCrystalline EyelidWeights,forExposureKeratopathy
CorneoscleralLaceration Fornices
Cryptophthalmos François,CentralCloudyDystrophy
Cryptophthalmos-Syndactyly(Fraser)Syndrome FuchsSuperficialMarginalKeratitis
CrystallineDystrophy Fuchs’DystrophyDisease
CrystallineKeratopathy,Infectious FurrowDegeneration,Senile
CyanoacrylateAdhesive GiantPapillary(ContactLens-Induced)
Dacryoadenitis ConjunctivitisDisease
Dacryoadenoma GobletCells,MucinTearSecretionby
Dacryocystitis GonococcalConjunctivitis
DarierDisease(KeratosisFollicularis) Graft-Versus-HostDisease:Overview
DeepAnteriorLamellarKeratoplasty(DALK) Gram-NegativeBacteria
DeepLamellarEndothelialKeratoplasty(DLEK) Gram-PositiveBacteria
Dellen GroenouwDystrophyType1Disease
Dermatitis Haemophilusinfluenzae,Conjunctivitis
Descemetocele Hansen’sDisease
DesquamatingSkinConditions Heerfordt’sSyndrome
DisciformKeratitis,HerpesSimplexVirus Hemochromatosis
Causing HereditaryHemorrhagicTelangiectasia(Osler-
Distichiasis:Definition Weber-RenduDisease)
DryEye:Definition HereditarySensoryNeuropathy,Neurotrophic
Ectasia,Corneal Keratopathy
EctodermalDysplasia HerpesZosterOphthalmicus
Ectrodactyly-EctodermalDysplasial-Clefting HolmiumYAGLaser,Thermokeratoplasty
(EEC)Syndrome Hordeolum
Eczema,ofEyelid Horner-TrantasDots
Ehlers-DanlosSyndrome,GeneLinkageof Hudson-StähliLine
Disease HumanHerpesVirus
EndothelialDegenerations HumanPapillomaViruses,OcularInfection
EndothelialDystrophies Hurler-ScheieSyndrome
EndothelialFailure Hurricane(Vortex)Keratopathy
EndothelialGraftRejection HyaluronicAcid,forDryEye
Ephelis(Freckle),ConjunctivalDisease Hydrops,Keratoconus
EpibulbarTumor Hypercalcemia:CornealChanges
Epidermis Hyperemia,Conjunctival
EpidermoidCysts InterstitialKeratitis
Episcleritis:Overview IronLines,Pterygium
EpithelialDefects Iron,CornealDepositsof
EpithelialDystrophies Iron,CornealIntraocularForeignBodyof
EpithelialErosions JuvenileEpithelialDystrophy(Meesmann
EpithelialInclusionCysts Dystrophy)
Epitheliopathy Kayser-FleischerRing
ExposureKeratitis/Keratopathy Keloids:CornealandCongenital
ExposureStaining,KeratoconjunctivitisSicca Keratinocytes:Overview
ExternalHordeolum(Stye) Keratinoid(Spheroidal)Degeneration
ListofTopics xi
Keratoconjunctivitis,Sicca:Definition MucusFishingSyndrome
Keratoconjunctivitis:Overview Nd:YSGGLaser,forIntrastromal
KeratoglobusBasicScience Photodisruption
Keratolysis(CornealMelting),Marginal, NecrotizingKeratitis
SystemicImmune-MediatedDisease NecrotizingScleritis
Keratomalacia,VitaminADeficiency NeurotrophicKeratopathy
KeratopathyActinic(LabradorKeratopathy/ NonnecrotizingKeratitis
SpheroidalDegeneration) OcularLice
Keratoprosthesis OculodentoosseousDysplasia
KhodadoustLine OculoglandularSyndrome,Parinaud
KrukenbergSpindles OculomandibulofacialDyscephaly(Hallermann-
Lagophthalmos StreiffSyndrome)
LamellarKeratoplasty Oncocytoma
LatticeDystrophy Onychoosteodysplasia(Nail-PatellaSyndrome)
LatticeLines OsteogenesisImperfecta,BlueSclera
LigneousConjunctivitis Pachymetry(Pachometry)
LimbalAutograft/Allograft(Limbal PalpebralConjunctiva
Transplantation) PalpebralVernalConjunctivitis/
LimbalStemCells Keratoconjunctivitis
LimbalTransplantationforChemicalInjury Pannus/Micropannus
LimbalVernalConjunctivitis/ Papillae:Overview
Keratoconjunctivitis Papillomas,Conjunctival
LipemiaRetinalis Parasites
LipidKeratopathy Pediculosis(Lice),OcularInfection
Lithiasis,Conjunctival PellucidMarginalDegeneration
Lymphoma:Definition Pemphigoid,Cicatricial
Map-Dot-FingerprintDystrophy(Epithelial/ PenetratingInjuries
AnteriorMembraneDystrophy) PeripheralCornealGuttata(Hassall-Henle
Maroteaux-LamySyndrome Bodies/Warts)
McCannelTechnique PeripheralKeratitis
Megalocornea Phlyctenules
MeibomianGlandDysfunction Photokeratoscopy
Melanocytosis Photomicroscopy,Specular
Melanokeratosis,Striate PhthirusPubis(Crab/PubicLouse),Ocular
Melanomas,Conjunctival Infection
Melanosis PigmentedLesionsoftheConjunctiva
MeretojaSyndrome Pinguecula
Microcornea Port-WineStain(NevusFlammeus)
MicrocysticEpitheliopathy PosteriorPolymorphousCornealDystrophy
Micropannus PostherpeticNeuralgia
Microphthalmos(Microphthalmia),Anterior PrecornealTearFilm
MolluscumContagiosum:Overview PrimaryEndothelialFailure,AfterPenetrating
MoorenUlcer Keratoplasty
MorquioSyndrome Pseudo-HurlerPolydystrophy
MosaicDegeneration(AnteriorCrocodile Pseudoguttatae:InflammatoryDisease
Shagreen) Pseudomembrane,Conjunctival
Mucopolysaccharidosis Pterygium
xii ListofTopics
PunctateEpithelialDefects/Erosions Tay-SachsDisease(GM2GangliosidosisTypeI)
PyogenicGranuloma TearBreakupTime
RecurrentCornealErosion Tearing(Epiphora)
Reis-BücklersDystrophy TectonicPenetratingKeratoplasty,forHerpetic
Riley-DaySyndrome(FamilialDysautonomia) Keratitis
Rosacea:Overview TerrienMarginalDegeneration
RustRing,IronForeignBodyCausing ThermalCautery
SalzmannNodularDegeneration ThermalInjury:Overview
Sarcoidosis Thiel-BehnkeDystrophy
Sattler’sVeil(CentralEpithelialEdema) Thygeson’sSuperficialPunctateKeratitis
ScanningConfocalMicroscope TissueAdhesives,Cyanoacrylate,forAnterior
SchirmerTests Segment
SchnyderCrystallineDystrophySyndrome Transplantation
Scleritis Transplantation,AmnioticMembrane
Sclerocornea TreacherCollins-FranceschettiSyndrome
Sclerokeratitis (MandibulofacialDysostosis)
Scleromalacia:Overview Trichiasis
SebaceousGlandCarcinoma:Overview UlcerativeKeratitisDisease
SeborrheicBlepharitis UlcerativeKeratopathy,Toxic
Shagreen,Crocodile Ulcers
Siderosis:SignsandSymptoms VascularTumorsDiseaseoftheConjunctiva
Sipple-GorlinSyndrome,EnlargedCorneal VernalConjunctivitis/Keratoconjunctivitis
Nerves VogtLines,Keratoconus
SpheroidalDegeneration Vortex(Hurricane)Keratopathy
SquamousCellCarcinoma,oftheConjunctiva WaveFrontAnalysis
SquamousDysplasiaofConjunctiva WilsonDisease
Staphylococcus Xanthelasma,Dyslipoproteinemia
Staphylomas,Congenital,Anterior Xanthomas
StevensJohnsonSyndrome Xerophthalmia
StriateKeratopathy,IntraocularSurgeryCausing Xerosis
StriateMelanokeratosis
StromalDegenerations
StromalDystrophies FundamentalsandPrinciples
StromalGraftRejection
SectionEditor:BhavnaP.Sheth
StromalKeratitis(Herpetic)
StromalMicropuncture,forRecurrentCorneal Achromatopsia(RodMonochromatism),Gene
Erosions DefectsCausing
SubconjunctivalHemorrhage Anesthesia(Anesthetics),Local
SubepithelialCornealDegenerations Angiography,Fluorescein
SubepithelialGraftRejection AqueousHumor
SuperiorLimbicKeratoconjunctivitis Axenfeld-RiegerSyndrome;Mesodermal
Symblepharon Dysgenesis;Leukomas
Syphilis:Overview Bergmeister’sPapilla
TangierDisease,CornealChanges BestDisease
TarsalConjunctiva BetaCarotene,UseandDosageof
TarsalPlates/Tarsus Biomicroscopy,Ultrasound,ofAnteriorSegment
Tarsorrhaphy BipolarCells