Table Of ContentE N C Y C L O P E D I A O F
MEASUREMENT
AND
S T A T I S T I C S
This encyclopedia is dedicated to the memory of Rick Snyder—friend,
colleague, and leading scholar in the field of positive psychology.
Rick always gave far more than he took and made this world a better place.
E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F
MEASUREMENT
AND
S T A T I S T I C S
1
VOLUME
EDITOR
NEIL J. SALKIND
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
MANAGING EDITOR
KRISTIN RASMUSSEN
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Copyright © 2007 by SAGE Publications,Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics / editor Neil J. Salkind.
p. cm.
A SAGE Reference Publication.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-4129-1611-9 or 978-1-4129-1611-0 (cloth)
1. Social sciences–Statistical methods–Encyclopedias. 2. Social sciences–Research—Methodology–Encyclopedias.
I. Salkind,Neil J.
HA29.S2363 2007
001.403—dc22
2006011888
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Publisher: Rolf Janke
Acquisitions Editor: Lisa Cuevas Shaw
Reference Systems Coordinator: Leticia Gutierrez
Project Editor: Tracy Alpern
Copy Editors: Bonnie Freeman
Liann Lech
Carla Freeman
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Indexer: David Luljak
Cover Designer: Michelle Kenny
Contents
Editorial Board, vi
List of Entries, vii
Reader’s Guide, xiii
About the Editor, xxi
Contributors, xxii
Preface, xxxiii
Entries
Volume I: A–G
1–424
Volume II: H–P
425–798
Volume III: Q–Z
799–1058
Appendix A
Ten Commandments of Data Collection, 1059
Tables of Critical Values, 1061
Appendix B
Internet Sites About Statistics, 1073
Appendix C
Glossary, 1081
Master Bibliography, 1087–1136
Index, I-1–I-57
Editorial Board
Editor
Neil J. Salkind
University of Kansas
Managing Editor
Kristin Rasmussen
University of Kansas
Advisory Board
Jeffrey Banfield
Department of Mathematical Sciences
Montana State University
Bruce Frey
Department of Psychology and Research in Education
University of Kansas
Wenxin Jiang
Department of Statistics
Northwestern University
Galin L. Jones
School of Statistics
University of Minnesota
Jianan Peng
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Acadia University
Jerome P. Reiter
Practice of Statistics and Decision Sciences
Institute of Statistics and Decision Sciences
Duke University
List of Entries
Ability Tests Audit Trail
Abstracts Authenticity
Acceptance Sampling Autocorrelation
Achievement Tests Average
Active Life Expectancy Average Deviation
Adaptive Sampling Design
Adjective Checklist Babbage, Charles
Age Norms Bar Chart
Akaike Information Criterion Basal Age
Alcohol Use Inventory Basic Personality Inventory
Alternate Assessment Basic Research
Alternative Hypothesis Bayes Factors
American Doctoral Dissertations Bayesian Information Criterion
American Psychological Association Bayesian Statistics
American Psychological Society. SeeAssociation for Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Psychological Science Beck Depression Inventory
American Statistical Association Behavior Assessment System for Children
Americans with Disabilities Act Behrens-Fisher Test
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Bernoulli, Jakob
Anthropometry Binomial Distribution/Binomial and Sign Tests
Applied Research Binomial Test
Aptitude Tests Bioinformatics
Area Chart Biserial Correlation Coefficients
Arithmetic Mean Bivariate Distributions
Armed Forces Qualification Test Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Bonferroni Test
Artificial Neural Network Bowker Procedure
Assessment of Interactions in Multiple Regression Box Plot (Box and Whisker Plot)
Association for Psychological Science Bracken Basic Concept Scale–Revised
Asymmetry of g Bruno, James Edward
Attenuation, Correction for Buros Institute of Mental Measurements
Attitude Tests
Attributable Risk California Psychological Inventory
Attrition Bias Career Assessment Inventory
vii
viii———Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics
Career Development Inventory Criterion Validity
Career Maturity Inventory Critical Value
Carroll Depression Scale Cronbach, Lee J.
Categorical Variable Culture Fair Intelligence Test
Causal Analysis Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Censored Data Curriculum-Based Measurement
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Curse of Dimensionality
Central Limit Theorem Curvilinear Regression
Centroid
Chance Darwin, Charles
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit Data Analysis ToolPak
Chi-Square Test for Independence Data Collection
Children’s Academic Intrinsic Motivation Data Compression
Inventory Data Mining
Class Interval Decision Boundary
Classical Test Theory Decision Theory
Classification and Regression Tree Delphi Technique
Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit Delta Method
Clinical Assessment of Behavior Deming,William Edwards
Clinical Assessment of Depression Dependent Variable
Cluster Analysis Descriptive Research
Cluster Sampling Deviation Score
Cochran QTest Diagnostic Validity
Coefficient Alpha Difference Score
Coefficients of Correlation,Alienation, and Differential Aptitude Test
Determination Diggle-Kenward Model for Dropout
Cognitive Abilities Test Dimension Reduction
Cognitive Psychometric Assessment Discriminant Analysis
Cohen’s Kappa Discriminant Correspondence Analysis
Complete Independence Hypothesis Dissimilarity Coefficient
Completion Items Distance
Computational Statistics DISTATIS
Computerized Adaptive Testing Dixon Test for Outliers
Comrey,Andrew L. Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test
Comrey Personality Scales
Conditional Probability Ecological Momentary Assessment
Confidence Intervals Educational Testing Service
Construct Validity Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
Content Validity Effect Size
Continuous Variable Eigendecomposition
Contour Plot Eigenvalues
Convenience Sampling EM Algorithm
Coping Resources Inventory for Stress Embedded Figures Test
Correlation Coefficient Equivalence Testing
Correspondence Analysis Essay Items
Covariance Estimates of the Population Median
Criterion-Referenced Test Ethical Issues in Testing
List of Entries———ix
Ethical Principles in the Conduct of Research With Heteroscedasticity and Homoscedasticity
Human Participants Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Evidence-Based Practice High-Stakes Tests
Excel Spreadsheet Functions Histogram
Exploratory Data Analysis Historiometrics
Exploratory Factor Analysis Holden Psychological Screening Inventory
Eyeball Estimation Homogeneity of Variance
Hypergeometric Distribution
Face Validity Hypothesis and Hypothesis Testing
Factor Analysis
Factor Scores Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities
Factorial Design Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks
Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence Independent Variable
Family Environment Scale Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
File Drawer Problem Inferential Statistics
Fisher, Ronald Aylmer Information Referenced Testing
Fisher Exact Probability Test Information Systems Interaction Readiness Scales
Fisher-Irwin Test. See Fisher Exact Probability Test Informed Consent
Fisher’s LSD Instrumental Variables
Fisher’s ZTransformation Intelligence Quotient
Fourier Transform Intelligence Tests
Fractal Internal External Locus of Control Scale
Fractional Randomized Block Design Internal Review Board
Frequency Distribution International Assessment of Educational Progress
Friedman Test Interrater Reliability
Interval Level of Measurement
Galton, Sir Francis Iowa Tests of Basic Skills
Gambler’s Fallacy Iowa Tests of Educational Development
Gauss, Carl Friedrich Ipsative Measure
Generalized Additive Model Item and Test Bias
Generalized Estimating Equations Item Response Theory
Generalized Method of Moments
Generalized Procrustes Analysis Jackson, Douglas N.
Gerontological Apperception Test Jackson Personality Inventory–Revised
Gf-Gc Theory of Intelligence Jackson Vocational Interest Survey
Goodenough Harris Drawing Test Journal of the American Statistical Association
Goodness-of-Fit Tests Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
Graduate Record Examinations Journal of Statistics Education
Grand Mean
Graphical Statistical Methods k-Means Cluster Analysis
Gresham, Frank M. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
Grounded Theory Kendall Rank Correlation
Guttman Scaling Kinetic Family Drawing Test
Kingston Standardized Cognitive Assessment
Harmonic Mean Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for One Sample
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Two Samples
Hello-Goodbye Effect KR-20 and KR-21
