Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals

1473 Pages·2002·80.12 MB·English

by  William F. Perrin

Encyclopedia of
MARINE
MAMMALS

Encyclopedia of
MARINE
MAMMALS
Editors
William R Perrin
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA
La Jolla, California
Bernd Wiirsig
Texas AirM University
Galveston, Texas
J. G. M. Thewissen
Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
Rootstown, Ohio
ACADEMIC PRESS
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Frontispiece: An exaggerated version of whaling off Atlantic shores, in which
Basques from Spain were active along the Labrador coast from the 1550s onward.
www.canadianheritage.org, ID #10083, National Archives of Canada, C-l 18314
Cover images © Frangois Gohier, except otter photograph, which is by Kennan Ward.
The following articles are U.S. government works in the public domain:
"Age Estimation" by Aleta H. Hohn
"Atlantic Spotted Dolphin" by William F. Perrin
"Coloration" by William F. Perrin
"Common Dolphins" by William F. Perrin
"Geographic Variation" by William F. Perrin
"Management" by Jay Barlow
"Otters" by James A. Estes
"Pantropical Spotted Dolphin" by William F. Perrin
"Sexual Dimorphism" by Katherine Rails
"Species" by William F. Perrin
"Spinner Dolphin" by William F. Perrin
For the following articles, copyright is held as listed:
"Scrimshaw" © 2002 Stuart M. Frank
"Sei Whale" © British Crown, 2000
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Copyright © 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS
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This work is dedicated to Kenneth S. Norris,
great naturalist and first president of the
Society for Marine Mammalogy.
His passing in 1998 left a gap in all our lives.
Vll
CONTENTS
CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA xix Antarctic Marine Mammals 30
Ian L. Boyd
CONTRIBUTORS xxiii
PREFACE xxxv
Archaeocetes, Archaic 36
GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA xxxvii
J. G. M. Thewissen
Arctic Marine Mammals 39
A
John J. Burns
Artiodactyla 45
Abundance Estimation 1
Jessica M. Theodor
Stephen T. Buckland, Anne E. York
Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 47
Age Estimation 6 (Stenella frontalis]
Aleta A. Hohn William F. Perrin
Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin 49
Aggressive Behavior (Intraspecific) 13
(Lagenorhynchus acutus]
Claudio Campagna
Frank Cipriano
Albinism 16
Australian Sea Lion 51
Dagmar Fertl, Patricia E. Rosel
(Neophoca cinerea)
John K. Ling
Amazon River Dolphin 18
(Inia geoffrensis]
B
Vera M. E da Silva
Ambergris 20
Dale W. Rice Baculum 55
Edward H. Miller
Anatomical Dissection: Thorax
and Abdomen 21 Baiji 58
John E. Reynolds III, Sentiel A. Rommel, (Lipotes vexillifer]
Meghan E. Bolen Zhou Kaiya
Vlll Contents
Baleen 61 Blue Whale 112
Dale W. Rice (Balaenoptera musculus]
Richard Sears
Baleen Whales (Mysticetes) 62
John L. Bannister Bones and Teeth, Histology of 116
Mary C. Maas
Baleen Whales, Archaic 73
Nicholas C. Eraser, Alton C. Dooley Jr.
Bottlenose Dolphins 122
(Tursiops truncatus and T. aduncus]
Barnacles 75
Randall S. Wells, Michael D. Scott
Dagmar Fertl
Bottlenose Whales 128
Basilosaurids 78
(Hyperoodon ampullatus and
Mark D. Uhen
H. planifrons]
Shannon Gowans
Beaked Whales, Overview 81
James G. Mead
Bowhead Whale 129
(Balaena mysticetus]
Bearded Seal 84
David J. Rugh, Kim E. W. Shelden
(Erignathus barbatus]
Kit M. Kovacs
Bow-Riding 131
Behavior, Overview 87 Bernd Wiirsig
Peter L. Tyack
Brain 133
Beluga Whale 94 Helmut H. A. Oelschlager, Jutta S.
(Delphinapterus leucas] Oelschlager
Gregory M. O'Corry-Crowe
Brain Size Evolution 158
Biogeography 99 Lori Marino
Rick LeDuc
Breaching 162
Bioluminescence 102
Hal Whitehead
Gregory K. Silber
Breathing 164
Biomagnetism 104 Douglas Wartzok
Michael M. Walker
Breeding Sites 169
Blowing 105 Mark A. Hindell
James L. Sumich
Bryde's Whales 171
Blubber 107 (Balaenoptera edeni and B. brydei]
Sara J. Iverson Hidehiro Kato