Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences

5538 Pages·2017·168.297 MB·English

by  John D. McDonald (editor), Michael Levine-Clark (editor)

Encyclopedia of
Library and Information
Sciences, Fourth Edition
Volume 1
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Encyclopedia of
Library and Information
Sciences, Fourth Edition
Volume 1
From: To:
Academic Libraries Careers and Education
in Records and Information Management
Encyclopedia Edited By
John D. McDonald
and
Michael Levine-Clark
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published 2018 by CRC Press
Published 2019 by CRC Press
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ISBN-13: 978-1-4665-5259-3 (Set), 978-0-8153-8623-0 (Vol. 1) (hbk)
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Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences,

Fourth Edition

Brief Contents

Volume I Volume I (cont’d.) Volume I (cont’d.)
Academic Libraries .......................................... 1 Association of College and Research Careers and Education in Information
Accessibility ...................................................14 Libraries (ACRL) ................................338 Systems ................................................693
Accreditation of Library and Information Association of Library Trustees, Advocates, Careers and Education in Library and
Studies Programs in the United States Friends and Foundations (ALTAFF) ....361 Information Science ............................706
and Canada ............................................18 Association of Research Libraries Careers and Education in Records and
Acquisitions Institute at Timberline Lodge ...22 (ARL) ..................................................364 Information Management ....................715
African Librarianship .....................................33 Association of Specialized and Cooperative
Altmetrics ....................................................... 44 Library Agencies (ASCLA) ................376
American Association of Law Australia: Libraries, Archives, and
Libraries (AALL) .................................. 48 Museums .............................................379
Volume II
American Association of Museums (AAM) ....56 Australian Library and Information
American Association of School Association (ALIA) .............................396 Cataloging ....................................................723
Librarians (AASL) ................................ 59 Authentication and Authorization ................401 Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) .............733
American Library Association (ALA) ........... 67 Automated Acquisitions ...............................408 Catalogs and Cataloging: History
American Medical Informatics Automatic Abstracting and [ELIS Classic] .....................................743
Association (AMIA) ..............................85 Summarization ....................................418 Censorship and Content Regulation
American National Standards Automatic Discourse Generation .................430 of the Internet ......................................780
Institute (ANSI) .....................................87 Back-of-the-Book Indexing ..........................440 Center for Research Libraries ......................789
American Society for Information Science Bibliographic Control [ELIS Classic] ..........447 Charleston Conference ................................. 794
and Technology (ASIST) ...................... 90 Bibliographical Society (London) ................456 Chartered Institute of Library and
Approval Plans ............................................... 96 Bibliographical Society of Information Professionals (CILIP) ...... 806
Arab Federation for Libraries and America (BSA) ....................................463 Chemistry Literature and Its Users
Information (AFLI) .............................100 Bibliography .................................................468 [ELIS Classic] .....................................814
Archival Appraisal and Acquisition .............105 Bibliometric Overview of Information Chemoinformatics ........................................ 830
Archival Arrangement and Description .......115 Science ................................................480 Children and Information Technology .........839
Archival Documentation ..............................127 Bibliometric Research: History Children’s Literature ....................................852
Archival Finding Aids ..................................133 [ELIS Classic] .....................................492 Children’s Services in Libraries ................... 876
Archival Management and Administration ..141 Bibliothe`que Nationale de France ................531 China: Libraries, Archives, and Museums ...886
Archival Reference and Access ...................149 Binding [ELIS Classic] ................................538 Circulation Services .....................................916
Archival Science ..........................................166 Biological Information and Its Users ...........554 Citation Analysis ..........................................923
Archives ........................................................179 Blind and Physically Disabled: Library Citation Indexes and the Web of Science .....940
Archivists and Collecting .............................195 Services ...............................................563 Citer Motivations [ELIS Classic] .................951
Area and Interdisciplinary Studies Bliss Bibliographic Classification Classification Theory ....................................958
Literatures and Their Users .................209 First Edition [ELIS Classic] ................573 Clinical Decision-Support Systems .............. 974
ARMA International, Inc. ............................221 Bliss Bibliographic Classification College Libraries .......................................... 983
Armenia: Libraries, Archives, and Second Edition ....................................581 Communication and Communication
Museums .............................................228 Boolean Algebras [ELIS Classic] ................591 Studies .................................................994
Art Galleries .................................................241 Brazil: Library Science ................................597 Communication Policy: United States ....... 1007
Art Librarianship ..........................................249 Brazil: Library Science—Distance Community Informatics ............................. 1027
Art Museums ................................................259 Education .............................................603 Complexity and Self-Organization ............ 1034
Artificial Intelligence ...................................269 Brazil: Museums ..........................................611 Computer-Mediated Communication
Artificial Neural Networks and Natural British Library ..............................................616 (CMC) ............................................... 1044
Language Processing ...........................279 Business Informatics ....................................630 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Arts Literatures and Their Users ..................293 Business Information and Its Users ..............635 (CSCW) ............................................. 1053
ASLIB ..........................................................301 Business Literature: History Conservation and Preservation of
Association for Information Science and [ELIS Classic] .....................................643 Museum Objects ................................ 1068
Technology ..........................................311 Canada: Libraries and Archives ...................654 Controlled Vocabularies for Art,
Association for Information Systems (AIS) ... 318 Canadian Heritage Information Architecture, and Material Culture ...1076
Association for Library Collections and Network (CHIN) ..................................675 Corporate Archives .................................... 1081
Technical Services ..............................324 Canadian Library Association (CLA) ..........681 Corporate Art Collections .......................... 1086
Association for Library Service to Careers and Education in Archives and Corporate Information Centers .................. 1094
Children (ALSC) .................................333 Records Management ..........................685 Corporate Records Management ................ 1104
v
vi Brief Contents
Volume II (cont’d.) Volume III (cont’d.) Volume III (cont’d.)
Credibility and Cognitive Authority of Film and Broadcast Archives ..................... 1560 Information Policy: United States .............. 2147
Information ........................................1113 Film Archiving: History ............................. 1584 Information Practice ................................... 2162
Croatia: Libraries, Archives, and France: Archives, Museums, and Information Retrieval Experimentation
Museums ...........................................1121 Libraries ............................................1589 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 2172
CrossRef Publisher Linking Network ........1132 Functional Requirements for Subject
Cultural Memory ........................................1139 Authority Data (FRSAD):
Curating Archaeological Artifacts .............1147 Conceptual Model .............................1606
Curating Natural History Collections ........1156 Fuzzy Set Theory .......................................1618 Volume IV
Custody and Chain of Custody ..................1164 Games and Gaming ....................................1636 Information Retrieval Protocols: Z39.50
Data and Data Quality ................................1171 Genealogical Literature and Its Users ........ 1644 and Search and Retrieve via URL ..... 2181
Deaf and Hearing Impaired: Genre Theory and Research .......................1662 Information Retrieval Support
Communication in Service Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ..... 1671 Systems .............................................. 2192
Contexts [ELIS Classic] ....................1183 Geographical Literature: History Information Retrieval Systems ................... 2199
Decision Sciences .......................................1192 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 1683 Information Scattering ............................... 2210
Decision Support Systems ..........................1200 Germany: Libraries, Archives, and Information Science ................................... 2216
Demand-Driven Acquisition/Patron-Driven Museums ...........................................1693 Information Search Process (ISP)
Acquisition ..........................................1209 Global Open Knowledgebase ..................... 1710 Model ................................................. 2232
Denmark: Libraries, Archives, and Government Documents: Collection and Information Searching and Search
Museums ...........................................1215 Management ......................................1715 Models ...............................................2239
Descriptive Cataloging Principles ..............1229 Greece: Archives ........................................ 1728 Information Society .................................... 2253
Design Science in the Information Greece: Libraries ........................................ 1733 Information Systems ..................................2272
Sciences .............................................1242 Greece: Museums .......................................1741 Information Systems Failure ......................2280
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) .......1256 Grey Literature [ELIS Classic] ..................1746 Information Technology Adoption ............ 2290
Digital Content Licensing ..........................1267 HathiTrust ...................................................1757 Information Technology Literacy .............. 2303
Digital Divide and Inclusion ......................1279 Health Science Professional Literatures Information Technology Project
Digital Humanities .....................................1286 and Their Users ................................. 1763 Implementation in Developing
Digital Humanities and Academic Historical and Archaeological Sites: Countries [ELIS Classic] .................. 2312
Libraries ............................................1298 Development and Preservation .........1771 Information Technology Standards for
Digital Images ............................................1307 Historical Societies .....................................1779 Libraries [ELIS Classic] ....................2341
Digital Millennium Copyright Historical Sources and Their Users ............ 1786 Information Theory .................................... 2350
DigitaAl cOt bojfe c1t9 I9d8e n..t.i.fi...e.r.. .(.D...O...I.®..).. .S..y..s.t..e.m.... .......11331265 HHiissttoorryy ooff MLiubsraeruimess ....................................................................... 11871926 IInnffoorrmmeattrioicns U..s..e. .f..o..r. .D...e..c..i.s.i.o..n.. .M....a..k..i.n..g.. ............... 22336579
Digital Preservation ....................................1332 History of Paper ......................................... 1824 Institutional Records and Archives ............ 2377
Diplomatics ................................................1338 History of Public Libraries Intellectual Freedom and the American
Disaster Planning and Recovery for [ELIS Classic] ................................... 1836 Library Association (ALA): Historical
Cultural Institutions ...........................1347 History of Records and Information Overview [ELIS Classic] ..................... 2387
Document Information Systems .................1360 Management ......................................1850 Intelligence and Security Informatics ........ 2398
Document Theory .......................................1372 History of the Book ....................................1859 International and Comparative
Document Type Definition (DTD) .............1381 History: Three Basic Printing Processes ....... 1865 Librarianship ..................................... 2404
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI): Hospital Libraries .......................................1870 International Association of Sound and
A Personal History ............................1390 Human–Computer Interaction Research Audiovisual Archives (IASA) ........... 2413
Economics Literature: History in Information Retrieval .................... 1895 International Association of Technological
[ELIS Classic] ...................................1399 Humanities Literatures and Their Users ....1909 University Libraries (IATUL) ............2418
Electronic Records Preservation ................1413 Hungary: Libraries, Archives, and International Communication Association
Electronic Resources & Libraries (ER&L) ... 1419 Museums ...........................................1917 (ICA) ................................................. 2421
Encoded Archival Description ...................1423 Hypertext and Hypercard: Early International Council of Museums
Engineering Literatures and Their Users Development [ELIS Classic] ............ 1935 (ICOM) .............................................. 2429
[ELIS Classic] ...................................1433 Illumination [ELIS Classic] .......................1945 International Council on Archives (ICA) ... 2437
Impact Assessment of Cultural International Council on Knowledge
Institutions ......................................... 1958 Management (ICKM) ........................ 2445
Incunabula [ELIS Classic] .........................1966 International Federation of Library
Volume III Indexing: History and Theory .................... 1978 Associations and Institutions
Epistemology ..............................................1455 India: Libraries, Archives and Museums ...1992 (IFLA) ...............................................2451
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Archival Indigenous Librarianship ............................2031 International Federation of Television
Services .............................................1463 Information .................................................2048 Archives (FIAT/IFTA) ...................... 2465
Ethical Aspects of Library and Information Arts ......................................... 2064 International Organization for
Information Science ..........................1469 Information Behavior ................................. 2074 Standardization (ISO) ........................ 2470
Ethical Issues in Information Systems .......1484 Information Behavior Models .................... 2086 International Records Management
Ethiopia: Libraries, Archives, and Information Crises and Crisis Information ... 2094 Standards ISO 15489 and 23081 ....... 2481
Museums ...........................................1494 Information Explosion ................................2101 International Records Management Trust ...2487
Everyday Life Information Seeking ...........1506 Information Management ........................... 2106 International Society for Knowledge
Evidence-Based Practice ............................1516 Information Needs ......................................2115 Organization (ISKO) ......................... 2494
Exhibition Design .......................................1523 Information Needs and Behaviors of Internet Genres ........................................... 2503
Facet Analysis [ELIS Classic] ...................1534 Diasporic Populations .......................2122 Internet Search Tools: History to 2000 ...... 2516
Faceted Application of Subject Information Needs and Behaviors of InterPARES ................................................ 2526
Terminology (FAST) .........................1539 Populations in Less Developed iSchools ......................................................2536
Federal Electronic Information in the Regions ..............................................2130 Israel: Libraries, Archives, and
United States .....................................1549 Information Policy: European Union .........2138 Museums ........................................... 2542
Brief Contents vii
Volume IV (cont’d.) Volume V (cont’d.) Volume V (cont’d.)
Japan: Libraries, Archives, and Medical Literature: History Organizational Memory .............................3534
Museums ...........................................2560 [ELIS Classic] ...................................3041 Pacific Islands Association of Libraries
Kazakhstan: Libraries, Archives, and Metadata and Digital Information and Archives (PIALA) ......................3541
Museums ...........................................2578 [ELIS Classic] ...................................3058 Papyrology ..................................................3552
Kenya: Libraries, Museums, and Metamarkup Languages: SGML and Patents and Patent Searching ..................... 3560
Archives .............................................2592 XML ..................................................3072 People with Disabilities ..............................3573
Knowledge ..................................................2610 Mexico: Libraries, Archives, and Personal Information Management ............ 3584
Knowledge Creation and Use in Museums ...........................................3082 Peru: Libraries and Library Science ........... 3606
Organizations ....................................2618 Modeling Documents in Their Context .....3105 Philosophy and the Information Sciences .... 3610
Knowledge Discovery in Data Streams .....2626 Moldova: Archives, Museums, and Philosophy of Science [ELIS Classic] .......3623
Knowledge Management ............................2640 Libraries ............................................3117
Knowledge Management Systems .............2649 Moving Image Indexing ............................. 3129
Knowledge Management: Early Multilingual Information Access ...............3140
Development .....................................2657 Museum Accreditation Program ................3146 Volume VI
Knowledge Organization System Museum Architecture and Gallery Design ... 3148 Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Standards ...........................................2665 Museum Collecting and Collections ..........3161 Literatures and Their Users ...............3637
Knowledge: Tacit and Explicit ..................2677 Museum Computer Network (MCN) .........3170 Piracy in Digital Media ..............................3649
Latent Semantic Indexing ..........................2688 Museum Informatics ..................................3176 Plagiarism of Print and Electronic
Latinos and U.S. Libraries: History ...........2698 Museum Management ................................3185 Resources ...........................................3664
Law Firm Librarianship .............................2705 Museum Registration and Documentation ... 3199 Poland: Libraries and Archives .................. 3674
Law Librarianship ......................................2710 Museum Studies .........................................3214 Politics of Representation in Museums ...... 3688
Law Literature and Its Users ......................2733 Museum Web Sites and Digital Popular Literature Genres .......................... 3700
Learning and Information Seeking ............2751 Collections .........................................3222 Precision and Recall [ELIS Classic] .......... 3708
Libraries .....................................................2762 Museums ....................................................3233 Presidential Libraries ................................. 3714
Library and Information Science ...............2768 Museums and Community .........................3243 Primary Records: Future Prospects
Library and Information Technology Museums and Their Visitors: Historic [ELIS Classic] ...................................3719
Association (LITA) ...........................2775 Relationship .......................................3251 Print on Demand ......................................... 3733
Library Anxiety ..........................................2782 Museums as Place ......................................3258 Private Presses and Fine Printing
Library Architecture and Design ................2788 Music Information Retrieval ...................... 3267 [ELIS Classic] ...................................3738
Library Architecture: History .....................2797 Music Librarianship ...................................3275 Provenance of Archival Materials .............. 3746
Library Automation: History ......................2810 Name Authority Control ............................3288 Provenance of Museum Objects ................. 3756
Library Consortia in Europe .......................2822 National Archives .......................................3298 Provenance of Rare Books ......................... 3766
Library Fundraising and Development ......2832 National Biological Information Public Librarianship [ELIS Classic] .......... 3774
Library Leadership and Management Infrastructure (NBII) .........................3306 Public Libraries [ELIS Classic] ................. 3781
Association (LLAMA) ......................2841 National Historical Publications and Public Library Association (PLA) ............. 3801
Library of Congress Classification (LCC) ....2847 Records Commission (NHPRC) ........3315 Qualitative Research Methods in Library
Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms National Libraries .......................................3320 and Information Science
for Library and Archival Materials ...2856 National Library of Medicine ....................3334 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 3806
Library of Congress Subject Headings Natural Language Processing for Rare Book Collections ............................... 3820
(LCSH) ..............................................2866 Information Retrieval ........................3346 Reading and Reading Acquisition .............. 3830
Library of Congress: History .....................2879 Network Management ................................3356 Reading Disorders ...................................... 3841
Library Portals and Gateways ....................2892 Network of European Museum Reading Interests ........................................ 3850
Library Publishing Initiatives: Organisations (NEMO) .....................3365 Recommender Systems and Expert
North America ...................................2901 Networked Knowledge Organization Locators ............................................. 3860
Systems/Services (NKOS) ................3366 Records Compliance and Risk
New Zealand Aotearoa: Libraries ..............3371 Management ...................................... 3869
Non-governmental Organizations and Records Continuum Model ........................ 3874
Volume V Information ........................................3380 Records Organization and Access .............. 3887
Library Science in the United States: North American Serials Interest Group .....3388 Records Retention Schedules ..................... 3892
Early History .....................................2909 OCLC: A Worldwide Library Reference and Informational Genres .........3897
Library Technical Services ........................2918 Cooperative .......................................3392 Reference and User Services Association
Linguistics and the Information Sciences ..... 2927 Older Adults’ Information: Needs and (RUSA) .............................................. 3908
Linked Data ................................................2938 Behavior ............................................3406 Reference Services .....................................3912
Lithuania: Libraries and Librarianship ......2943 One-Person Libraries ..................................3413 Regional Library Networks:
Louvre ........................................................2958 Online Catalog Subject Searching .............3422 United States .....................................3920
Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): Online Library Instruction ..........................3432 Relevance in Theory .................................. 3926
1961–1974 [ELIS Classic] ................2963 Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs) Relevance Judgments and Measurements .... 3940
Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): [ELIS Classic] ...................................3450 Renaissance Libraries [ELIS Classic] ........3948
1975–2007 .........................................2980 Ontologies and Their Definition .................3455 Resource Description Framework (RDF) ..... 3961
Makerspaces in Libraries ...........................2990 Open Access Scholarship and Publishing .... 3465 Saudi Arabia: Libraries, Archives, and
Management of Very Large Distributed Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Museums ...........................................3970
Shared Collections [ELIS Classic] ....2997 Reference Model .................................. 3477 Scholarly and Trade Publishing
Managing an Information Business ...........3004 Open Source Software ................................3488 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 3982
Marketing Library and Information Oral History in Libraries and Archives ......3494 School Librarianship .................................. 3991
Services .............................................3011 ORCID ........................................................3505 School Libraries ......................................... 4000
Mathematics Literature: History Organization Theories ................................3510 Science and Engineering Librarianship ..... 4008
[ELIS Classic] ...................................3019 Organizational Culture ...............................3520 Science and Technology Studies ................4020
Medical Library Association (MLA) .........3033 Organizational Learning ............................. 3526 Search Engine Optimization ......................4029
viii Brief Contents
Volume VI (cont’d.) Volume VII (cont’d.) Volume VII (cont’d.)
Search Engines ...........................................4046 Specialty Museums ....................................4379 United Kingdom: Museums and
Self-Publishing Online ...............................4054 State Archives ............................................4384 Museology ......................................... 4723
Semantic Interoperability ...........................4062 State Libraries and State Library United States: Archives and
Semantic Web ............................................4080 Agencies ............................................4392 Archival Science ............................... 4740
Semiotics ....................................................4094 State-Sponsored Destruction of Books United States: Libraries and
Senegal: Libraries, Archives, and and Libraries ......................................4400 Librarianship in the 21st Century ......4766
Museums ...........................................4104 Still Image Indexing ................................... 4407 United States: Museums ............................. 4776
Sense-Making .............................................4113 Still Image Search and Retrieval ................4417 Universal Decimal Classification
Serbia: Libraries, Archives, and Storytelling ................................................. 4437 (UDC) ................................................ 4783
Museums ...........................................4125 Strategic Planning in Academic Libraries .... 4447 University Archives .................................... 4791
Serials Collection and Management Students’ Information: Needs and Usability Testing of User Interfaces in
[ELIS Classic] ...................................4139 Behavior ............................................4459 Libraries ............................................ 4797
Serials Vendors [ELIS Classic] ..................4150 Subject Cataloging Principles and User-Centered Design of Information
Shared Libraries .........................................4158 Systems ..............................................4466 Systems .............................................. 4803
Site Museums and Monuments ..................4164 Subscription Libraries [ELIS Classic] ....... 4478 User-Centered Revolution: 1970–1995
Slovakia: Libraries, Archives, and Switzerland: Libraries, Archives, and [ELIS Classic] ................................... 4812
Museums ..........................................4173 Museums ...........................................4487 User-Centered Revolution: 1995–2008 ......4847
Smithsonian Institution ..............................4188 Tanzania: Libraries, Archives, Museums, User-Oriented and Cognitive Models of
Social Epistemology ...................................4197 and Information Systems ................... 4497 Information Retrieval ........................ 4872
Social Influences on Classification .............4204 Task-Based Information Searching: Venezuela: Libraries and Librarianship ..... 4886
Social Informatics ......................................4212 Research Methods .............................4526 Version Control .......................................... 4896
Social Justice in Library and Information Taxonomy ...................................................4537 Vietnam: Libraries, Archives, and
Science ..............................................4218 Technical Writing .......................................4547 Museums ........................................... 4902
Social Networks and Information Test Collections ..........................................4554 Visitor Studies ............................................ 4917
Transfer .............................................4235 Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) ................... 4559 Visual and Performing Arts Archives ........ 4925
Social Science Literatures and Their Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) ...........4569 Visual Resources Association (VRA) ........ 4933
Users [ELIS Classic] .........................4246 Theft, Vandalism, and Security in Visual Resources Management in
Social Science Professional Literatures Libraries and Archives ......................4576 Cultural Institutions ...........................4940
and Their Users .................................4255 Theft, Vandalism, and Security in Volunteer Services in Cultural
Society for Scholarly Publishing (SSP) .....4262 Museums ...........................................4593 Institutions ......................................... 4951
Society for the History of Authorship, Theological Librarianship .......................... 4604 Wayfinding and Signage ............................4958
Reading and Publishing (SHARP) ....4268 Topic Maps ................................................. 4611 Web Scale Discovery Services ................... 4978
Society of American Archivists (SAA) ......4271 Tunisia: Libraries, Archives, and Webometrics ............................................... 4983
Sociology of Reading .................................4279 Museums ...........................................4624 Word Processing: Early History
Sociology of the Information Disciplines ..... 4286 Ukraine: Libraries ......................................4642 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 4993
Software and Information Industry Undergraduate Library Collections World Intellectual Property Organization
Association (SIIA) .............................4297 [ELIS Classic] ................................... 4649 (WIPO) .............................................. 5000
Sound and Audio Archives ........................4299 UNESCO: Communication and World Summit on the Information
South Korea: Archives and Libraries .........4307 Information Sector ................................ 4656 Society (WSIS) ..................................5012
Spain: Libraries, Archives, and Museums .... 4314 Unicode Standard .......................................4662 World Wide Web (WWW) ........................ 5019
Special Collections .....................................4335 Unified Medical Language System® World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ....... 5034
Special Collections and Manuscripts .........4343 (UMLS®) Project ...............................4672 XML Information Retrieval .......................5039
Special Librarianship .................................4351 Uniform Computer Information Young Adult Library Services Association
Transactions Act (UCITA) ................4680 (YALSA) ........................................... 5052
Unions in Public and Academic Libraries .... 4689 Young Adult Services in Libraries .............5058
United Kingdom: Archives and Youth Information: Needs and
Volume VII Archival Science ...............................4699 Behavior ............................................ 5067
Special Libraries .........................................4361 United Kingdom: Libraries and Zoological Park and Aquarium Libraries
Special Libraries Association (SLA) .........4370 Librarianship .....................................4707 and Archives ...................................... 5077