Encyclopedia of Digital Government

1712 Pages·2007·24.07 MB·English

by  Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko

(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:12) (cid:6)(cid:13)
(cid:14)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:10)(cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:12) (cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:18)(cid:8)(cid:19)(cid:2)(cid:20)(cid:8)(cid:2)(cid:16)
(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9) (cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:8)
(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:10)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:20)
(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:9) (cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:14)
(cid:13)(cid:21)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:22)(cid:11)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:24)(cid:11)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:5)(cid:25)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:10)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:20)
(cid:30)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:8)(cid:12)(cid:31)
!(cid:14)
(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5) (cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:5) (cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:3)
(cid:21)(cid:8)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:12)(cid:25)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:12)(cid:26)(cid:8)(cid:5)(cid:27)(cid:6)(cid:28)(cid:19)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:12)(cid:29)(cid:10)(cid:2)(cid:15)(cid:11)(cid:7)(cid:6)(cid:19)(cid:8)
Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Potter
Development Editor: Kristin Roth
Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig
Managing Editor: Sara Reed
Copy Editors: Richard T. Carns, Julie LeBlanc, Joyce Li, Evelyn Martens, Shanelle Ramelb, April Schmidt, Becky
Shore, Sue VanderHook, and Larissa Vinci
Typesetters: Diane Huskinson
Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff
Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc.
Published in the United States of America by
Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.)
701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200
Hershey PA 17033
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.idea-group-ref.com
and in the United Kingdom by
Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.)
3 Henrietta Street
Covent Garden
London WC2E 8LU
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com
Copyright © 2007 by Idea Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.
Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies
does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI of the trademark or registered trademark.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of digital government / Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko and Matti Mälkiä, editors.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-59140-789-3 -- ISBN 1-59140-790-7 (ebook)
1. Public administration--Information resources management--Encyclopedias. 2. Electronic government information--Encyclopedias.
3. Internet in public administration--Encyclopedias. I. Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko. II. Mälkiä, Matti.
JF1525.A8E63 2007
352.3'802854678--dc22
2006010087
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set
are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Editorial Advisory Board
Kim Viborg Andersen, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
Antonio Alabau, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
Ted Becker, Auburn University, USA
Subhash Bhatnagar, Indian Institute of Management, India
Lyn Carson, University of Sydney, Australia
Roger Caves, San Diego State University, USA
Yu-Che Chen, Iowa State University, USA
Stephen Coleman, Oxford University, UK
Matthias Finger, EPFL, Switzerland
Patricia Fletcher, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA
Shunichi Furukawa, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Thomas F. Gordon, Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany
Åke Grönlund, Örebro University, Sweden
Nicos Komninos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Kenneth Kraemer, University of California, Irvine, USA
Jae-Kyu Lee, KAIST, South Korea
Ann Macintosh, Napier University, UK
Toshio Obi, Waseda University, Japan
John Taylor, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
List of Contributors
Abie, Habtamu /Norwegian Computing Centre, Norway.....................................................................................1076
Acharya, R. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA...........................................................................................919
Adam, Nabil R. /Rutgers University, USA ............................................................................................................1406
Agostino Ardagna, Claudio /Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy ................................................................1300
Albors, Ignasi /Consorci Administració Oberta de Catalunya, Spain...................................................................819
Algermissen, Lars /University of Muenster, Germany...........................................................................................220
Ally, Mohamed /Athabasca University, Canada....................................................................................................291
Ambriola, V. /Università di Pisa, Italy ..................................................................................................................158
Amoretti, Francesco /University of Salerno, Italy ...........................................................................135, 365, 501, 580
Andersen, KimViborg/Copenhagen Business School, Denmark........................................................................1492
Anttila, Juhani /Quality Integration, Finland.....................................................................................................1388
Ariunaa, Lkhagvasuren /Intec Co. Ltd, Mongolia.................................................................................................. 97
Arnesen, RagniRyvold/Norsk Regnesentral—Norwegian Computing Center, Norway......................................1358
Atluri, Vijayalakshmi /Rutgers University, USA .................................................................................................1406
Averweg, Udo /eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa .................................952
Baker, Paul M. A. /Center for Advanced Communications Policy (CACP),
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA ...............................................................................................................402
Barrat i Esteve, Jordi /Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain...................................................................................1125
Basu, Subhajit /Queen’s University Belfast, UK..................................................................................................1154
Becker, Jörg /University of Muenster, Germany...................................................................................................220
Becker, Ted /Auburn University, USA.................................................................................................................1519
Berkheiser, Will /The Pennsylvania State University, USA..................................................................................933
Berry, David /University of Sussex, UK................................................................................................................1287
Bertagnini, S. /Università di Pisa, Italy................................................................................................................158
Blakemore, Michael /University of Durham, UK ...................................................................................................489
Bradley, Gunilla /Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden......................................................................................969
Briggs, Pamela /Northumbria University, UK.....................................................................................................1466
Brown, Jesslyn F. /SAIC USGS / EROS Data Center, USA...................................................................................1212
Brunschwig, Colette R. /University of Zurich, Switzerland .................................................................................1142
Buddharaju, Raju /National Library Board, Singapore ......................................................................................1577
Buhalis, Dimitrios /University of Surrey, UK........................................................................................................749
Cabral, Regis /Umeå University, Sweden..............................................................................................................680
Candia, Tanya /Enosis Group, USA .......................................................................................................................691
Carrizales, Tony /Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—Newark, USA.....................................................355
Carson, Lyn /University of Sydney, Australia........................................................................................................684
Casacuberta, David /Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.................................................................603, 1083
Casaregola, Vincent /Saint Louis University, USA.......................................................................................196, 1611
Castellà-Roca, Jordi /Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain ....................................................................................1125
Cerrillo i Martínez, Agustí /Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain ................................................................... 20
Chalasani, Suresh /University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA................................................................................1402
Chan, Mei-Yee /Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore ............................................................................................1577
Chandran, Suroop M. /University of Pittsburgh, USA.........................................................................1019, 1047, 1498
Chappelet, Jean-Loup /IDHEAP—Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration, Switzerland.........................560
Chen, Melinda E. /Food and Drug Administration, USA........................................................................................265
Chen, Youwen /Shanghai Administration Institute, China....................................................................................536
Chen, Yu-Che /Iowa State University, USA.........................................................................................................1190
Christiansen, Jo-An /Graduate of Athabasca University, Canada........................................................................482
ChuanSheng, Ruan /Shanghai Administration Institute, China............................................................................507
Chun, Soon Ae /City University of New York, USA..............................................................................................1406
Coglianese, Cary /Harvard University, USA..........................................................................................................713
Concon, Jingle /Waseda University, Japan .........................................................................................................1554
Conley Tyler, Melissa H. /University of Melbourne, Australia............................................................................1268
Cook, Meghan E. /Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany/SUNY, USA...............................1114
Cooke, Philip /Cardiff University, UK...................................................................................................................371
Corsi, Marcella /University “La Sapienza” of Rome, Italy ..................................................................................1035
Costake, Nicolae /CMC Consultant, Romania ...............................................................................................853, 859
Cropf, Robert A. /Saint Louis University, USA.............................................................................................196, 1611
Culver, Keith /University of New Brunswick, Canada...........................................................................................495
Cunha, Carlos /Dowling College, USA .................................................................................................................387
Dai, Xiudian /University of Hull, UK ..............................................................................................................416, 768
Damiani, Ernesto /Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy................................................................................1300
Danielson, Peter /University of British Columbia, Canada..........................................................................377, 1219
Danielsson, Jerker /Norsk Regnesentral—Norwegian Computing Center, Norway...........................................1358
Davis, Charles K. /University of St. Thomas, USA..................................................................................................265
Dawes, Sharon S. /Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany/SUNY, USA ..............................1114
De’, Rahul /Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India..............................................................................995
de Bruijn, Hans /Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands........................................................................469
De Vivo, Roberto /PEOPLE Project, Italy ............................................................................................................1089
Delfmann, Patrick /University of Muenster, Germany...........................................................................................220
Delwit, Pascal /Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium................................................................................670, 1479
Desmedt, Yvo /University College of London, UK................................................................................................1445
Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana /Mälardalen University, Sweden..................................................................................740
Domingo-Ferrer, Josep /Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain................................................................................1125
Downey, Ed /State University of New York, College at Brockport, USA................................................................208
Drüke, Helmut /Capgemini Germany Ltd., Germany....................................................................................141, 1451
Edwards, Arthur /Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands ....................................................................1623
Ehrenhard, Michel L. /University of Twente, The Netherlands.............................................................................1006
Evans, Donna /Miami University, USA.................................................................................................................... 49
Eyob, Ephrem /Virginia State University, USA ......................................................................................................784
Falch, Morten /Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.........................................................................947, 1064
Findler, Nicholas V. /Arizona State University, USA.............................................................................................117
Finger, Matthias /EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Switzerland.................................................629
Flew, Terry /Queensland University of Technology, Australia..............................................................................914
Francoli, Mary /Carleton University, Canada ......................................................................................................697
Frati, Fulvio /Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy........................................................................................1300
Fred Hübner, Jomi /Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Brazil................................................................1105
Freeman, Raoul J. /California State University, Dominguez Hills, USA ..............................................................1130
Fung, Maria Yin Ling /University of Auckland, New Zealand ..............................................................................718
Gallo, Jason /Northwestern University, USA.........................................................................................................841
Gareis, Karsten /emprica Gesellschaft für Kommunikations—und Technologieforschung mbH, Germany..........1588
Gascó, Mila /International Institute on Governance of Catalonia, Spain..............................................................190
Gatautis, Rimantas /Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania........................................................................554
Geiselhart, Karin /University of Canberra and Australian National University, Australia...................................881
Gersekowski, Peter /Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Australia.................................1226
Ghafoor, Arif /Purdue University, USA ...............................................................................................................1498
Ghaoui, Claude /Liverpool John Moores University, UK.......................................................................................607
Giacomello, Giampiero /Università di Bologna, Italy..........................................................................................1529
Gil-García, J.Ramón/University at Albany, SUNY and Harvard University, USA.................................................803
Giménez-Lugo, Gustavo A. /Centro Universitário Positivo (UNICENP)/Universidade Tecnológica Federal do
Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil......................................................................................................................................1105
Golden, Willie /National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland ................................................................151
Gordon, Thomas F. /Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communications Systems (FOKUS), Germany ......................1161
Gortmaker, Jeffrey /Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands..................................................................237
Grabow, Busso /Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik (Difu) (German Institute of Urban Affairs), Germany..............1547
Green, Claudia G. /Pace University, USA............................................................................................................1306
Gregor, Martin /Charles University, Czech Republic............................................................................................708
Grimm, Dominik /Fabasoft AT Software GesmbH & Co KG, Austria ..................................................................... 56
Grönlund, Åke /Örebro University, Sweden..........................................................................................................634
Groothuis, Marga /Leiden University, The Netherlands......................................................................................... 87
Gurãu, Cãlin /Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier, France........................................................................................1000
Handzic, Meliha /Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia-Herzegovina..........................................1424
Hardy, Bruce W. /University of Pennsylvania, USA ............................................................................................1250
Haseloff, Anikar M. /University of Augsburg, Germany.......................................................................................1377
Hayes, Michael J. /National Drought Mitigation Center, USA............................................................................1212
Headd, Mark J. /University of Delaware, USA.....................................................................................................1617
Helbig, Natalie /University at Albany, SUNY, USA ................................................................................................803
Hellsten, Sirkku K. /University of Birmingham, UK .............................................................................................442
Henderson, Monika /Henderson & Associates Pty Ltd, Australia..........................................................455, 790, 1282
Henriksen, HelleZinner/Copenhagen Business School, Denmark ....................................................................1492
Henten, Anders /Technical University of Denmark, Denmark......................................................................947, 1064
Hinnant, Charles C. /U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and
Center for Technology and Information Policy (CTIP), Syracuse University, USA...........................................1511
Ho, AlfredTat-Kei/Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, USA..................................................359
Hogarth, Fergus /Queensland Government, Australia...........................................................................455, 790, 1282
Holzer, Marc /Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—Newark, USA ...................................................163, 355
Homburg, Vincent /Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands..................................................................1185
Horniak, Virginia /Mälardalen University, Sweden .............................................................................................740
Hossain, Farhad /University of Manchester, UK....................................................................................................321
Huang, C. James /The National Taipei University, Taiwan.................................................................................... 11
Hudson, John /University of York, UK...................................................................................................................548
Huff, Sid /Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand...................................................................................342
Hughes, Martin /National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland ..............................................................151
Huhtinen, Aki-Mauri /National Defence College, Finland...................................................................................310
Hunold, Christian /Drexel University, USA ...........................................................................................................763
Hurrell, Christie /University of British Columbia, Canada ................................................................................1261
Inkinen, Tommi /University of Turku, Finland....................................................................................................1370
Islam, K. M. Baharul /United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Ethiopia...............................................588
Jääskeläinen, Pirkko /Finnish Centre for Pensions, Finland.............................................................................1319
Jabed Sarwar, Mohammed /Multi Media University, Malaysia..............................................................................462
Jain, R. B. /University of Delhi, India .................................................................................................................1418
Janczewski, Lech /The University of Auckland, New Zealand.............................................................................1196
Jankowski, Piotr /San Diego State University, USA ...........................................................................................1314
Jansen, Bernard J. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA...............................................................................933
Janssen, Marijn /Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands................................................................237, 889
Janvier, William A. /Liverpool John Moores University, UK ................................................................................607
Jauhiainen, Jussi S. /University of Oulu, Finland...............................................................................................1370
Jeans, Dianne /Queensland Government, Australia ..............................................................................455, 790, 1282
Jennett, Penny A. /University of Calgary, Canada................................................................................................. 26
Joha, Anton /Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands..............................................................................889
Joshi, James B. D. /University of Pittsburgh, USA .............................................................................1019, 1047, 1498
Joshi, Saubhagya R. /University of Pittsburgh, USA................................................................................... 1019, 1047
Junsong, Wang /Renmin University of China, China.......................................................................................80, 511
Kaaya, Janet /University of California, Los Angeles, USA................................................................................34, 301
Kajava, Jorma /Oulu University, Finland............................................................................................................1388
Kakabadse, Andrew /Cranfield School of Management, UK.................................................................................183
Kakabadse, Nada K. /Northampton Business School, UK.......................................................................................183
Kaneko, Yuko /University of Yamagata, Japan.......................................................................................... 1203, 1334
Kankanhalli, Atreyi /National University of Singapore, Singapore....................................................................1352
Kapucu, Naim /University of Central Florida, USA...............................................................................................745
Karatzas, Kostas /Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece...........................................................................1291
Karl W. Sandberg/Mid Sweden University, Sweden.............................................................................................940
Karnouskos, Stamatis /Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS, Germany ..........................................................................1076
Kebede, Gashaw /Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia..............................................................................................826
Kelso, Robert /Central Queensland University, Australia...................................................................................1120
Kerstens, DenizØskan/Customised Solutions, KMD Ltd., Denmark..................................................................1492
Kertészné-Gérecz, Eszter /Hungarian National Assembly, Hungary..................................................................1429
Keskinen, Auli /University of Tampere, Finland...................................................................................................833
Kestilä, Timo /Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland .............................................1505
Khoo, Ai-Ling /Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore.............................................................................................1577
Kim, Younhee /Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey—Newark, USA..........................................................355
King, Brian /Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA ............................................. 1445
Knutson, Cody L. /National Drought Mitigation Center, USA.............................................................................1212
Koch, Stefan /Vienna University of Economics and BA, Austria..........................................................................1011
Komninos, Nicos /Aristotle University, Greece........................................................................................... 1100, 1601
Koopmans-van Berlo, Marieke /Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.................................................469
Kouzmin, Alexander /Southern Cross University, Australia..................................................................................183
Kubicek, Herbert /University of Bremen, Germany............................................................................................... 123
Kulahci, Erol /Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium..................................................................................670, 1479
Kuosa, Tuomo /Finland Futures Research Centre, Finland ..................................................................................833
Lam, Wing /Universitas 21 Global, Singapore.................................................................................................. 1069
Lan, Ling /Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, China......................................................................... 846
Langenberg, Thomas /EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Switzerland..........................................629
Langford, John /University of Victoria, Canada ...................................................................................................595
Lassila, MindyAnneli/Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Canada................................................................... 44
Lau, Gloria T. /Stanford University, USA ............................................................................................................1364
Law, Kincho H. /Stanford University, USA...........................................................................................................1364
Lee, JaeYong/Public Procurement Service, Korea ..............................................................................................896
Lehtinen, Antti /University of Jyväskylä, Finland.................................................................................................224
Leith, Philip /Queen’s University of Belfast, UK...................................................................................................... 1
Leitold, Herbert /A-SIT, Secure Information Technology Center, Austria............................................................. 984
Lepouras, George /University of Peloponnese, Greece............................................................................... 1174, 1413
Li, Chang-Tsun /University of Warwick, UK.............................................................................................. 1054, 1180
Longford, Graham /University of Toronto, Canada.............................................................................................1261
Loukis, Euripidis /University of Aegean, Greece............................................................................................615, 653
Lyytikäinen, Virpi /University of Jyväskylä, Finland............................................................................................224
Madravio, Mauro /Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy ................................................................................1300
Madsen, Paul /NTT, USA .......................................................................................................................................691
Maes, Peter /Crossroads Bank for Social Security, Belgium.................................................................................564
Magnani, Marco /PEOPLE Project, Italy.............................................................................................................1089
Maña, Antonio /University of Málaga, Spain ......................................................................................................1076
Manyanga, Siyabonga /eThekwini Municipality, South Africa.............................................................................. 952
Markellou, Penelope /University of Patras, Greece.................................................................................... 1167, 1629
Marsh, Stephen /National Research Council of Canada, Canada......................................................................1466
Masouras, Asteris /Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece ........................................................................1291
McNeal, Ramona /University of Illinois at Springfield, USA.........................................................................624, 1524
McNutt, Kathleen /Simon Fraser University, Canada .........................................................................................1606
Melville, Rose /The University of Queensland, Australia................................................................................726, 734
Middleton, Michael /Queensland University of Technology, Australia ................................................................1226
Millard, Jeremy /Danish Technology Institute (DTI), Denmark............................................................................123
Mint Mohamed-Saleck, Fatimetou /Nouakchott University, Mauritania ...............................................................962
Modarres, R. /George Washington University, USA ..............................................................................................919
Moodley, Sagren /Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa......................................................................283
Moon, Jane /Monash University, Australia ...........................................................................................................102
Moynihan, Donald P. /University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA........................................................................169, 797
Mullen, Patrick R. /University of Illinois at Springfield, USA.............................................................................1323
Müllner, Thomas /Fabasoft AT Software GesmbH & Co KG, Austria..................................................................... 56
Murrmann, Suzanne K. /Virginia Tech, USA ......................................................................................................1306
Mustajärvi, Olli /The Finnish Parliament, Finland...............................................................................................224
Mutula, Stephen M. /University of Botswana, Botswana .......................................................................................571
Myers, W. L. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA.........................................................................................919
Ni, AnnaYa/Syracuse University, USA.................................................................................................................359
Niehaves, Björn /University of Muenster, Germany...............................................................................................220
Norris, Donald F. /University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA......................................................................643
Nurmeksela, Reija /University of Jyväskylä, Finland...........................................................................................224
Nyerges, Timothy L. /University of Washington, USA .........................................................................................1314
Ó Baoill, Andrew /University of Illinois, USA.....................................................................................................1460
Oberle, Christopher /Bayerisches Realschulnetz, Germany ..................................................................................131
Obi, Toshio /Waseda University, Japan...............................................................................................................1554
Olatokun, Wole Michael /Africa Regional Centre for Information Sciences (ARCIS), Nigeria..............................978
Onu, Godwin /Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.............................................................................................1026
Oostveen, Anne-Marie /Rathenau Institute, The Netherlands..............................................................................1255
Orgeron, Craig P. /Mississippi Department of Information Technology Services, USA.......................................1536
Ostermann, Herwig /University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria.....................251
Ostermann, Herwig /University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria.....................869
Panayiotaki, Angeliki /University of Patras, Greece................................................................................. 116 6, 1629
Pang, Les /National Defense University, USA.....................................................................................................1394
Papacharissi, Zizi /Temple University, USA..........................................................................................................315
Park, Sang-Chul /Götborg University, Sweden and Okayama University, Japan..................................................528
Partow-Navid, Parviz /California State University, Los Angeles, USA..................................................................1135
Passaris, Constantine E. /University of New Brunswick, Canada..........................................................................988
Patil, G. P. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ............................................................................................919
Patrick, Andrew S. /National Research Council of Canada, Canada................................................................ 1466
Paynter, John /University of Auckland, New Zealand...........................................................................................718
Peter, Ulrike /Institut für Informationsmanagement Bremen (ifib), Germany......................................................... 16
Petersen, R. Eric /Congressional Research Service, USA .....................................................................................231
Piecowye, James /Zayed University Media Center, UAE .......................................................................................410
Pilet, Jean-Benoit /Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium..........................................................................670, 1479
Portougal, Victor /The University of Auckland, New Zealand.............................................................................1196
Posch, Reinhard /Federal Chief Information Officer, Austria................................................................................984
Pratesi, L. /Università di Pisa, Italy......................................................................................................................158
Purcell, Fuatai /Samoa National ICT Committee, Ministry of Finance, Samoa .................................................342
Quintin, Emmanuel /Crossroads Bank for Social Security, Belgium.....................................................................564
Rahman, Hakikur /Sustainable Development Networking Programme, Bangladesh...............................201, 1436
Rathbun, S. L. /University of Georgia, USA...........................................................................................................919
Reddick, Christopher G. /The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA.......................................................901, 1383
Redlich, Lindsay /Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Australia......................................1226
Relyea, Harold C. /Congressional Research Service, USA.....................................................................................476
Reniu i Vilamala, JosepMaria/Universitat de Barcelona, Spain........................................................................1125
Reyes Mena, Santiago /Informatic and Law Degree at Universidad Compluetense de Madrid, Spain ...................437
Riley, Thomas B. /Commonwealth Centre for E-Governance and Riley Information Services, Canada...............1058
Robben, Frank /Crossroads Bank for Social Security, Belgium.............................................................................564
Rondeaux, Giseline /Lentic—University of Liege, Belgium..................................................................................1485
Rosenblatt, Alan J. /Internet Advocacy Center, USA...........................................................................................1095
Rowe, Neil C. /U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA.................................................................... 111, 271, 382, 1572
Roy, Jeffrey /Dalhousie University, Canada.........................................................................................................595
Roycroft, Trevor R. /Roycroft Consulting, USA.....................................................................................................422
Rubio Blanco, José A. /Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain .................................................................................1235
Saddler, Paula F. /Certified Fraud Examiner, Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, USA ...........................1595
Salminen, Airi /University of Jyväskylä, Finland .................................................................................................224
Samson, Danny /University of Melbourne, Australia.............................................................................................906
Samuel, Delyth /University of Melbourne, Australia.............................................................................................906
Sandberg, Karl W./Mid Sweden University, Sweden............................................................................................940
Santhias, PauloRoberto/Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina—UDESC, Brazil .......................................680
Sawyer, Steven B. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA...............................................................................1511
Scavo, Carmine /East Carolina University, USA...................................................................................................296
Schellong, Alexander /Harvard University, USA...................................................................................................174
Scheufele, Dietram A. /University of Wisonsin-Madison, USA.............................................................................1250
Schmeida, Mary /Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA...........................................................................................624
Schmeida, Mary /The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA...................................................................................1524
Schwester, Richard W. /John Jay College of Criminal Justice (CUNY), USA .......................................................163
Scott, Murray /National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.................................................................151
Seifert, Jeffrey W. /Congressional Research Service, USA....................................................................231, 277, 476
Sen, Bharati /SNDT Women’s University, India...................................................................................................1041
Shahin, Jamal /University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Danish Technological Institute, Denmark...........774
Shane, Peter M. /The Ohio State University, USA .................................................................................................336
Sharma, Sangeeta /University of Rajasthan, India ................................................................................................431
Sheridan, William /Commonwealth Centre for E-Governance and Informetrica Limited, Canada......................1058
Shih, Hui-Feng /Coventry University, UK...........................................................................................................1054
Si, Huayin /University of Warwick, UK...............................................................................................................1180
Silva, Carlos Nunes/University of Lisbon, Portugal.............................................................................................703
Simonovic, Simonida /University of Toronto, Canada.........................................................................................1342
Sinha, Dipankar /Calcutta University, India ......................................................................................................1541
Slusky, Ludwig /California State University, Los Angeles, USA..........................................................................1135
Smith, Eldon R. /University of Calgary, Canada.................................................................................................... 26
Smith, Peter J. /Athabasca University, Canada....................................................................................................448
Smith, Alan D. /Robert Morris University, USA...................................................................................................1472
Soeparman, Stefan /Tilburg University, The Netherlands......................................................................................215
Song, Seok-Hwi /Seoul Development Institute, South Korea.................................................................................349
Sotelo Nava, Abraham /Federal Government of Mexico, Mexico..........................................................................1246
Sounderpandian, Jayavel /University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA.......................................................................1402
Spink, Amanda /Queensland University of Technology, Australia ........................................................................933
Staudinger, Roland /University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria................251, 869
Stayberg, Sharlene /Alberta Health and Wellness, Canada ................................................................................... 26
Stenvall, Jari /University of Lapland, Finland......................................................................................................244
Stowers, Genie N. L. /San Francisco State University, USA ................................................................................... 73
Sullivan, Keith /Dalhousie University, Canada...................................................................................................1275
Suomi, Reima /Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland.............................................1505
Syväjärvi, Antti /University of Lapland, Finland...................................................................................................244
Tabosa Trevisani, Alexandre /Ministry of Finance, Brazil...................................................................................1642
Tacla, CesarAugusto/Universidade Tecnológica Federal do
Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil .................................................................................................................................1105