Encyclopedia of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

312 Pages·2009·1.49 MB·English

by  Evelyn B. Kelly

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDERS
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDERS
Evelyn Kelly
G P
REENWOOD RESS
AnImprintofABC-CLIO,LLC
Copyright 2009 by Evelyn Kelly
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior
permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kelly, Evelyn B.
Encyclopedia of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders / Evelyn Kelly.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-313-34249-3 (hard copy : alk. paper) —
ISBN 978-0-313-34250-9 (ebook)
1. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder—Encyclopedias. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity—
Encyclopedias—English. WS 13 K29e 2009]
RJ506.H9K447 2009
616.85089003—dc2 2009020451
13 12 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
ABC-CLIO, LLC
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Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
CONTENTS
ListofEntries vii
Introduction ix
Abbreviations xiii
TheEncyclopedia 1
AppendixA:IsItReallyADHD?ConditionsThatMayBe
ConfusedwithADHD 263
AppendixB:DirectoryofOrganizations 265
Bibliography 271
Index 287
AbouttheAuthor 297
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LIST OF ENTRIES
Accidents Center for Science in the Drug Interventions
Acupuncture Public Interest (CSPI) Dyslexia
Adderall Central Auditory Processing Education
Disorder (CAPD)
Adolescence Emotional Disturbance (ED)
Children and Adults with
Adult ADHD Environment
ADHD (CHADD)
Allergies Evolutionary Aspects of ADHD
Chiropractic
Alternative Medicine Executive Function
Clinical Trials and Medical
Americans with Disabilities Feingold, Benjamin F.
Approval
Act (ADA) Feingold Diet
Clonidine
Amphetamine Feingold Foundation
Cognitive Research
Anxiety Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Color therapy
Aromatherapy Focalin and FocalinXR
Comorbidities of ADHD
Assessment Tools Food Additives
Complementary Medicine
Attention Deficit Disorder Fragile X Syndrome
Computerized Tomography
Association (ADDA)
(CT) Functional Magnetic Resonance
Auricular Medicine Imaging (fMRI)
Concerta
Autism Gender
Conduct Disorder (CD)
Bach Flower Therapy Genetics
Conner’s Rating Scales
Barkley, Russell A. Giftedness
Controlled Substance—
Bedwetting Class II (CII) Guanfacine
Behavioral Treatments Costs of ADHD Hearing Loss
Behavior Disorders Craniosacral Therapy Heart Disease and
Behavior Modification (B-Mod) Cardiovascular Problems
Creativity and ADHD
Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Herbal Medicine
Cylert
(Strep) History of ADHD
Daytrana
Bipolar Disorder Hoffman, Heinrich
Depression
Biofeedback Homeopathy
Dexedrine
Bowen Therapy Hyperactivity
Dextroamphetamine
Brain and ADHD Hypoglycemia
Dextrostat
Bupropion Impulsivity
Diagnosis of ADHD
Caffeine Inattention
Diagnostic and Statistical
CAM Manuals Incidence of ADHD
Carbamazepine Discrimination in Employment Individualized Education
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Plan (IEP)
Dopamine
Poisoning Individuals with Disabilities
Dore Treatment
Causes of ADHD Education Act (IDEA)
Douglas, Virginia I.
viii LISTOF ENTRIES
Industrial and Environmental Neurons Seizure Disorders
Toxins Neurotransmitters Sensory Integration
Intelligence No Child Left Behind Act Disorder (SID)
International Consensus (NCLB) Serotonin
Statement on ADHD Norepinephrine Single-Photon Emission
Intestinal Parasites Nutrition Computed Tomography
INTUNIV Obesity (SPECT)
Iron Deficiency Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Sleep Disorders
Klinefelter Syndrome (OCD) Specific Learning
Disability (SLD)
Laterality Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Laws for People with (ODD) Still, George
Disabilities and ADHD Osteopathy Strattera
Lead Parenting the Child with ADHD Substance Use Disorders
(SUDs)
Learning Disabilities (LD) Parent Training Programs (PT)
Sugar
Legal and Ethical Issues Porphyria Disease
Teaching Children with ADHD
Life Expectancy Positron Emission Tomography
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate (PET Scans) Thyroid Disease
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Tic Disorders
(MRI) (PTSD) Tonsils
Magnetic Resonance Preschool ADHD Treatment Tourette’s Syndrome
Spectroscopy (MRS) Study (PATS) Tredgold, Arthur
Memory, Working Preschoolers Turner Syndrome
Methylin Public Awareness Vision Problems
Methylphenidate (MPH) Reflex Inhibition Vitamin B Deficiencies
Modafinil Reflexology Vyvanse
Multimodal Interventions Reframing ADHD Behavior Wender, Paul
Multimodal Treatment Study of Reiki Women
Children with ADHD (MTA) Reuptake XYY Syndrome
National Attention Deficit Ritalin Yeast Infections
Disorder Awareness Day Samonas Auditory
Neurofeedback Intervention
Neuroimaging Section 504
INTRODUCTION
Frazzled and befuddled, the mother of 5-year-old John brought him to the
specialist’s office. His teacher said he was the terror of the kindergarten,
and his parents were concerned about his nonstop destructive behavior at
home. In the doctor’s office he jumped from chair to chair, climbed under a
table, and flailed his arms like an animated rag doll. He picked up the tape
and stapler from the receptionist’s desk and then began to flip the light
switch off and on, to everyone’s annoyance. He ambled over to a group of
children and butted into a game they were playing. They complained about
his bossiness and moved away from him. The doctor immediately suspected
John had attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Is it really ADHD
or is it something else?
The words ‘‘attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder’’ or ADHD are on the
lips of many teachers, parents, and physicians. Generally, the child displays
a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity,
which developed in the early years. When other symptoms such as forget-
fulness, poor impulse control, and distractibility begin to interfere with the
child’s performance in the classroom or at home, parents become con-
cerned. Unfortunately, the condition may persist into adulthood.
In 1998 the American Medical Association stated that ADHD is one of the
best researched disorders in medicine. It is also one of the most controver-
sial. Yet, with all the interest and research, no one knows what causes
ADHD or how to cure it.
According to the January 2002 ‘‘International Consensus Statement on
ADHD,’’ ADHD affects 3–5 percent of the population, and boys are diagnosed
two to three times more than girls. ADHD is considered to be a developmen-
tal disorder largely neurological in origin. The term ‘‘developmental’’ means
that certain traits, such as impulse control are slower to develop in these
children than in the general population. That degree of lag appears to relate
to the degree of severity of the disease. The compound terms ‘‘neurobeha-
vioral’’ or ‘‘neurodevelopmental’’disorders are frequently used to describe the
disorder. The Greek root neuro means ‘‘nerve.’’ ADHD is not thought to be a
disorder relating to the brain and nervous system. However, the origin,
causes, and treatments are subjects of debate and controversy.