Encyclopedia of Abortion in the United States, 2nd edition

632 Pages·2008·14.65 MB·English

by  Jr. Louis J. Palmer

Encyclopedia of
Abortion in
the United States
Second Edition
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Encyclopedia of
Abortion in
the United States
Second Edition
L J. P , J ., and
OUIS ALMER R
X Z. P
UEYAN ALMER
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Jefferson, North Carolina, and London
Louis J. Palmer, Jr., has also written these works for McFarland:
Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States, 2d ed.
(2008); Encyclopedia of DNA and the United States Criminal
Justice System(2004); Organ Transplants from Executed Prisoners:
An Argument for the Creation of Death Sentence Organ Removal
Statutes(1999); The Death Penalty: An American Citizen’s
Guide to Understanding Federal and State Laws(1998).
LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA
Palmer, Louis J.
Encyclopedia of abortion in the United States. — 2nd ed. /
Louis J. Palmer, Jr., and Xueyan Z. Palmer.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7864-3838-9
illustrated case binding : 50# alkaline paper
¡. Abortion—United States—Encyclopedias.
I. Palmer, Xueyan Z., 1964– II. Palmer, Louis J. Encyclopedia of
abortion in the United States. III. Title.
HQ767.5.U5P35 2009 363.460973'03—dc22 2008031047
British Library cataloguing data are available
©2009 Louis J. Palmer, Jr. and Xueyan Z. Palmer. All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover illustrations ©2009 Artville
Manufactured in the United States of America
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640
www.mcfarlandpub.com
To the memory of Xueyan’s mother,
Zhang Zhaorong (1935–1992),
and to her father, Zhang Fuchen
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Contents
Preface
1
The Encyclopedia
3
Bibliography
605
Index
609
vii
Preface
The second edition of this encyclopedia encompasses numerous changes that have occurred
in state and federal laws since publication of the first edition. The amended state and federal laws
reflect legislative expansion over the control of many aspects of abortion. Further, subsequent to
the first edition the United States Supreme Court issued a few important abortion opinions, such
as the approval of a federal ban on partial-birth abortion in Gonzales v. Carhart. The second edi-
tion of the encyclopedia has attempted to keep pace with, and outline in a meaningful way, the
rapid changes that have occurred. In addition, the second edition has been enhanced by the use
of more than forty photographs and more than three hundred charts and graphs.
As was pointed out in the first edition, before the 1973 decision by the United States Supreme
Court in Roe v. Wade, which legalized abortion in the nation, the issue of abortion was not a
headline news item. The decision in Roedramatically altered this situation and made the issue
of abortion one of the most explosive and controversial issues confronting the United States. The
second edition attempts to capture the growing history of abortion from the founding of the na-
tion to its present status.
The history of abortion embraces political, legal, social, religious, and medical issues. The
entries provided in this work address each of the broad categories that make up the history of abor-
tion in the nation. Included are entries that summarize every opinion rendered by the United States
Supreme Court on the issue of abortion through the year 2007. There are also entries showing
the “voting” position taken on abortion by every Supreme Court Justice who has participated in
an abortion decision. An entry for each state includes the actual abortion laws of the state. A
summary for each statute has been provided to assist the nonspecialist reader with understand-
ing the laws.
There are entries in the encyclopedia devoted to many of the leading abortion organiza-
tions in the nation, both “pro-life” and “pro-choice.” Entries are also included which summa-
rize lawful and unlawful activities of those who oppose and those who advocate for abortion.
Many entries are devoted to the issue of abortion violence and demonstrations and the laws de-
signed to combat such protests.
Other entries are devoted to such topics as the different methods of abortion, contraceptive
devices, male and female reproductive systems, and the gestational development of the fetus.
The issues of embryonic cloning, embryo/fetal stem cell research, assisted reproductive technol-
ogy, and surrogacy are covered in the encyclopedia. There are entries that explain many of the major
birth defects and sexual diseases that impact on the abortion decision.
The authors hope that this encyclopedia will provide readers and researchers with useful
information on the broadest possible range of abortion-related topics.
Louis J. Palmer, Jr. • Xueyan Z. Palmer • Charleston, West Virginia
1
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