EMP Simulators for Missiles and Airplanes

190 Pages·2012·6.82 MB·English

AD-780 236 .
EMP SIMULATORS FOR M4ISSILES AND
AIRPLANES
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-M. K. Bumgardner, et al
EG and G, Incorporated
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Prepared for:
Naval Ordnance Laboratory7'
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4 February 1974
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DISTRIBUTED BY:
National Technical Information Service
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151
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A.E:ze
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4FEBRUARYV IR4
EMP SIMULATORS FOR
MISSILES AND AIRPLANES
PREPARED FOR
NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY
WHITE OAK
SILVER SPRING. MARYLAND 20910
-UNDERNOLCONTRAC1I
N6091-73-C- -. ....
AND . • " . :L- "
MRC SUBCONTRACT 3-1005 - '
PREPARED BY
M. K. BUMGARNER J. C. GILES
M. A. DREGER G. F. ROSS
APPROY ED BY
0. L. FORRESTER
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ALL(cid:127)JkQ-UEAOLJ DKVISaON
Reproduced by 03VER4.ENT SERVCES APM SYSTEMS OFRATE2NS
NATIONAL TECHNICAL Eo&G Inc 9733 Coog,. Ro.d N W. Amuq.-,. Nw. Mexico 7111,
INFORMATION SERVICE
S DD:e partment of Commerce
Springfield VA :2151
AL -112
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4 FEBRUARY 1114
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-EMP SIMULATORS FOR
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•GOVRNMENT SERVICES AND SYBTEMS 0M=RATIONA
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ABSTRACT
This manual is intended as a guide to EMP Simulator
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fselection. Descriptions of EMP Simulators were collected -
" --- ;from a large number of documents and up-dated. Detailed -
technical discussions of 16 operating simulators are given
-- along with cost and schedule information. Cost estimates
_ _- _
for the construction of various types of simulators are alsc
provided. Tochnical and financial information is summarized
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in table form for quick reference. A general discussion of
the EM criterion pulse and EMP simulation is included as an
A id for evaluating simulator performance., ............ .
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~~PRE FACE
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The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to provide
SIa comprehensive, useful reference handbook on existing EMP simulators
to which a test planner could refer 0 determine the feasibility of using
an existing simulator for his program; second, to provide approximate
--- but reasonable estimates of costs of developing a new simulator in order
to determine if this would be more advantageous to a potential user of a
facility. The scope and depth 6f the work were limited by the short time
and funds available. Consequently, the treatment of existing simulators
is more complete than the discussions and the estimaes of cost for new
- simulators.
The chapter on existing simulators is thought to be complete;
however, the reader is given recommended sources of more detailed
information on the design, schedules, costs, etc. for these simulators.
The cost estimates associated with building a new simulator
are very general and approximate. They are based on past EG&G experience
with simulation development programs. They are not based on a detailed
design and costing of a particular simulator design. Secondly, the costs
of a particular simulator can vary dramatically (factors of 2 or more), A
depending upon the details of the design and the degree of sophistication
in the instrumentation and support systems required. The chapter on new
simulators was included as a guide for making trade-off decisions between
using an existing simulator or developing a new simulator. EG&G recommends
that once specific simulator design requirements are identified along with
a specific test object, a detailed design study and costing analysis be
performed to accurately determine the trade-offs involved.
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The data on existing simulators were obtained from available
reference books, reports, borchures, and discussions with personnel
involved in their construction and operation. The EMPRESS discussion
was prepared by Mr. William C. Emberson of NOL.
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2, EMP Testing Overview, is based on a draft prepared
-Chapter
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by Mr. Edmund Pace of MRC.
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CONTENTS
Loge
CHAPTERI OVERVIEW ................... 1-1
1.1 Introduction....... . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Summary . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1-2
CHAPTER 2 EMP TESTING OVERVIEW . . . . . ......... 2-1
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2-1
2.2 EMP Characteristics. . . . . . . . . .2-2
2.3 Simulation of EMP . ..... ......... 2-.
2.3.1 Field Polarization ............ 2-5
.. 2..3.2 Field Planarity . %. . . . . . 2-5
2.3., Field Strength . .. ..... 2-6
2.3.4 Pulseshape-Frequency Content . 2-6
2.3.5 Field Uniformity . . . . . . . 2-7
2.4 General Simulator Types . . . . . . . .. 2-7
2.5 Simulators for Airplanes . . . . . . . . 22-8
2.5.1 Vertical Dipole ....... .. 2-8
2.5.2 Horizontal Dipole . . . . . . . 2-9
"-2.5 . 3 Vertically Polarized Parallel
Plate Simulator . .... . . 2-10
2. 5. 4 Horizontally Polarized Parallcl
Plate Simulator . . ........... 2--10
CHAPTER 3 EXISTING SIMULATOR DESIGNS. . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 General. ................. 3-1
3.2 Bounded Wave, Transmission Line
Simulator....... ... . . . . . .. . . 3-1
3.2.1 ARES . . . . . . . . . . ... 3-1
3.2.2 ALECS ............ 3-14
3.2.3 TRESTLE Facility ...... 3-22
3.2.4 HEMPS . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
3.2.5 TEFS........... . . . . . 3-35
3.3 Radiating Simulators .... ......... 3-40
3. 3. 1 VPD . . .. .... ... ...... ... ......... . 3-41
3.3.2 DRI Simulator . . . . . . . .. 3-51
3.3.3 RESI . . . . . .. .. . 3-53
3.3.4 Suspended RES . ......... . 3-64
3.3.5 EMPRESS . . . . . . ..... 3-68
3.3.6 TORUS . . . . . . . 3-87
3.3.7 HPD . . . . . . . . . . 3-91
3.3.8 TEMPS ... ....... ... 3-99
3.3.9 HDL Bicone and REPS. . . ... 3-110
3.3.10 Martin Marietta Long Wire . ... 3-111
'3. 3. 11 Sandia Long-Wire Facility 3-115
3.3.12 LASL Delta Function Generators 3-119
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CONTENTS (continuecd
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CHAPTER 4 FUTURESIMULATORS.. ...... ... . 4-1
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4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . * ' * * . 4-1
4.1.1 Future EMP Test Object Sizes . . 4-1
4. 1. 2 Temporary Versus Permanent
S~~Facility . .4-1I=
-- 4.2 Horizontally Polarized Bounded Wave .
I1(cid:127) Simulatcrs, Threat Level and Low Level . 4-2 -
4.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4. 2. 2 Basic System Description . . . . 4-2
. - 4.2.3 Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . 4-9
4.2.4 Cost Estimates . . . . . . . . . 4-12
4.3 Vertically Polarized Bounded Wave
Simulators, Threat Level and Low Level . . 4-12
4.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
4. 3. 2 Basic System Description . . 4-12
4. 3.3 Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . 4-12
S. .... 4.3.4 Cost E,(cid:127)timates . ... ..... 4-18
4. 4 Vertica Polarized Low Level Radiating
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. . . . .. . . . .. . 4-18
4. G4. ee1 ra .. ...... . 4-18
4.4.2 System Description . . . . . . . 4-19 I
4. 4. 3 Pulser Specifications . . . . . . 4-22
r 4.5 Horizontally Polarized Low Level Radiating
Simulators ... . . . .. . 4-22
I 4.5.1 System Description . . . . . . . 4-27
4.5.2 HPD Pulser . . . . . . . . . 4-28
4. 5. 3 Environment Characteristics. . . 4-28
4.5.4 Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . 4-28
4.5.5 Cost Estimates . . . . . . . 4-28
4.6 Radiating Vertically Polarized CW System . 4-31
4.6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
4. 6.2 System Description . . . . . . . 4-31
4.6.3 Radiating CW System Capabilities. 4-33
4.6.4 Cost Estimates. . . . . . . . . 4-35
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ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
2.1 Representative Waveform for Nuclear EMP . . . . . 2-3
2.2 Representative Spectral Density for Nuclear EMP. . . 2-4
3.1 Photograph of ARES Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.2 ARES Transmission-Line Geometry . . . . . . . . . 3-3
-3.3 -Access Port Layout (Plan View) .. ......... 3-5
-...3. .4 .. ARES High Voltage Pulser . ........... . 3-6
3.5 Field Distribution Plot for Transmission Line with
Infinite-Width Lower Plate and Top Plate with Width
Equal to Plate Separation. ........... .. 3-10
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ARES Time Domain Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12S-3.6
3.7 Frequency Transform of ARES Pulse . . . . . . . . 3-12
3.8 Photograph of ALECS Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.9 ALECS Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
3.10 E(t) In the Working Volume at the ALECS Facility. . . 3-20
3.11 Fourier Transform of B(O in ALECS Working Volume . 3-20
3.12 TRESTLE Facility Location. . . ..... .. . 3-23
3.13 Artist's Conception of TRESTLE Facility ... . 3-24
-3.14 Vertical TRESTLE Dimensions .. . . . . . . 3-25
3.15 Horizontal TRESTLE Dimensions . . . . . . 3-25
3.16 TRESTLE Pulse Module .o. . "..v .e.... or. . . . 3-26
3.17 General Shape of Time Domain Voltage Wavefornk
Produced by Pulse in Test Fixture. . . . . . 3-28
3.18 General Shape of Frequency Domain Voltage
Waveform Produced by Pulser in Test Fixture . . 3-28
3.19 HEMPS Dimensions ... . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
3.20 Schematic View of TEFS .... .............. ... 3-36
3.21 T-7 Pulser Module ... . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
3.22 VPD Facility Site Plan. . . . ... .. . .. 3-42
3.23 VPD Antenna and Resistor Lnct(cid:127)ons ..... ........ 3-43
3.24 RES-I Pulser as Used in the VPD . . . . ..... 3-45
3.25 Electric Field Waveform at r = 100m and 3m Height,
Showing Late-Time Effects. . . . . . . . .. . . 3-47
3.26 VPD Electric Field Spectrum Measured Vs. Theory . . 3-48
3.27 VPD Radiation Pattern .......... 3-49
3.28 RES-I Pulse Generator Electrical Subsystems .... 3-56
3.29 Voltage Waveforms . . . . . . .............. . 3-57
3.30 Pulaer Antenna System . 3-59
3.31 Biconic Transmission Line . . . . ................ 3-60
3.32 RES Pulse Time Domain . . . . . . . . . ..... 3-61
3.33 RES Pulse Frequency Domain.. ....... . . 3-61
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ILLUSTRATIONS (continued)
Figure Eaaa
"3.34 The Suspended RES Antenna System .... ........ . 3-64
•3.35 Susperded RES Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3-67
3, 36 Spectrum oi Suspended RES Pulse . ...... 3-67
3.37 Location of EMPRESS and Ship Test Area At
Solomons Branch, Field Division Nol, Solomons,
Maryland .... . ..... ..... ............. . 3-69
3.38 EMPRESS Test Configuration . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-70
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3.39 Coordinate System . ... ... ... .... . 3-76
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3.40 Field Mapping Points . . . . . . . . * * ' ' '' 3-78
3.41 Airborne Direct E-field Measurements of
Horizontal EMPRESS Fields. . . . . . . . . . ... 3-79
3.42 Fourier Transforms ..... ................ ... 3-80
3.43 TACAMO Aircraft over EMPRESS . . . . . . . . . . 3-81
3.44 Horizontal Mode Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . 3-82
3.45 Peak Field Strength of the Direct Wave Versus
-Distance for Horizontal Mode of EMPRESS At
'Normal Operating Voltage.......... . . . . . . 3-83
3.46 Peak Field Strength Versus Distance for Vertical
Mode at Normal Operating Voltage. . . . . . . . . . 3-85
3.47 Risetime Versus Distance for Vertical Mode .... 3-86
3.48 Sketch of a TORUS Antenna System . . . . . . . . . 3-88
3.49 TORUS 5-MV Pulser . . ................. 3-89
. 50 HPD Concept . . . . . . . . 3-91
3.51 Sketch of Pulsepak 9000 5-MV Plser ... .. 3-93
3.5 2 Observer Positions Used for HPD Predictions . ... 3-95
3.53 Ez Waveform at PositionI . .. . . . . . . . 3-96
. .4 RX Waveform- at Pnoitinn 1 ... 3-96
3.55 Ez Waveform at Position 2 .. . . . . . . . . 3-97
3.56 Bx Waveform at Position 2 .. . . . . . . . . 3-97
3.57 TEMPS Pulser Circuit Diagram .. . . . . . . 3-100
3.58 Typical Pulser Waveforms . . .............. . 3-101
3.59 TEMPS Antenna . .......... .. 3-103
3.60 TFMPS Coverage Area............ .. ... 3-105
3.61 TEMPSOutp W t 3-106
t 3.62 Tangential Magnetic Field at 50 Meters .... ....... 3-108
3.63 Spectral Content of TEMPS Field .......... 3-108
, 3.64 1000 Foot Long, Resistively Loaded Spark Gap
Excited EMP Facility ...... ....... ....... ... 3-112
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