Table Of ContentTThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
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TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Contents
Preface
Introduct io n xii1i
1. Using Nanotechnology to Filter Water:
A Hypothetical Case Study 5
Michael E. Gorman, Nora F. Savage, and Anita Street
2. Nanotechnology for Human Health 11
Michael E. Gorman, Nora F. Savage, and Anita Street
3. Assessing Emerging Technology Systems: Why LCA Fails 17
Braden R. Allenby
Introduction 17
Background: LCA Methods and Complex Systems 19
Technology Systems: The Railroad Example 23
Levels of Technology Systems 31
4. CTeocnhcnluosloiogny Mandates and Socio-Behavioral Life Cycle 37
Assessment 41
Gary E. Marchant
Introduction 41
Technology Mandates as a Regulatory Tool 43
Example 1: California’s Electric Vehicle
Mandate 44
Example 2: Digital TV Mandate 55
Example 3: CFL Bulb Mandate 61
5. CIsosuneclsu isni oLnife Cycle Risk Assessment: The Way Ahead 6787
Gurumurthy Ramachandran
Introduction 77
Traditional Risk Assessment 80
viii Contents
Challenges and Opportunities Presented by Novel
Technologies 82
Legal Limitations 82
Toxicity 84
Conservatism in toxicitiyn tveistrtoing:
The costs 84
Limitations of current methods
in nanoparticle risk assessment 86
“Omics” and systems biology 87
Exposure Assessment 89
The choice of an appropriate exposure
metric 89
Expert and professional judgment in
exposure assessment 91
Heuristics and biases in judgment 99
Extreme uncertainty in risk
assessment models 103
“Fat tail” distributions 104
Risk management using control
bands 106
Robust versus optimal decision-
making for risk management 107
6. COorgnacnluizsaitoinosn al Capability Life Cycles for Responsible 109
Innovation 117
Paul Ellwood, Krsto Pandza, and Erik Fisher
Introduction 117
Emerging Technologies and Responsible Innovation 119
Organizational Capabilities for Innovation 123
Evolution of an Organizational Capability for
Responsible Innovation 127
Process Theories of Change within Organizations 130
7. FSoincaial lRise Cmoamrmkso dis and Life Cycle Analysis: 134
A Critical Examination of Uncertainty 139
David M. Berube
Models 141
Analysis with Uncertainty 141
Contents ix
Analysis without Societal Dimensions 148
Economy 150
Privacy 150
Justice 151
Defense 151
Dehumanization 151
Analysis with Methodological Creativity 152
8. CWohnoc lLuesti othne “Social Scientists” into the Lab? 115665
Eleonore Pauwels
Introduction: Moving Away from 20th Century LCA 165
State of the Art: Crossing the Line “In and Out”
the Laboratory 168
Trading Zone, Interactional Expertise, and Cross-Field
Collaborations 168
Epistemic Cultures and Negative Knowledge 169
Case Study: Probing the Concept of Trading Zone
within Synthetic Biology 171
A Glance at Our Biotechnical Futures 172
Engineering Life or Engineering for Better
Life? 175
The “Two Cultures” Gap Revisited with
Synthetic Biology 177
Experimental Trading Zone around a
Biological Chassis 180
Setting the scene of this trading zone 180
Boundary object 180
Moral imagination 182
Interactional expertise 184
Critical evaluation of the functioning
of this trading zone 186
9. CWohnactl uAsrieo nth e Factors Affecting Anthropogenic 191
Phosphorous Loss? A Case Study of Chaohu
Watershed in Central China 199
Zengwei Yuan, Huijun Wu, and Jun Bi
Introduction 199
Methodologies 201
