Emerging Technologies for Waste Valorization and Environmental Protection

150 Pages·2020·5.19 MB·English

by  Sadhan Kumar Ghosh, Chiranjib Bhattacharya, Suggala V. Satyanarayana, S. Varadarajan

Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Chiranjib Bhattacharya
Suggala V. Satyanarayana
S. Varadarajan   Editors
Emerging
Technologies
for Waste
Valorization and
Environmental
Protection
Emerging Technologies for Waste Valorization
and Environmental Protection
Sadhan Kumar Ghosh Chiranjib Bhattacharya
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Suggala V. Satyanarayana
(cid:129)
S. Varadarajan
Editors
Emerging Technologies
for Waste Valorization
and Environmental Protection
123
Editors
Sadhan KumarGhosh Chiranjib Bhattacharya
Department ofMechanical Engineering Pro-Vice Chancellor
JadavpurUniversity JadavpurUniversity
Kolkata, West Bengal, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India
SuggalaV.Satyanarayana S. Varadarajan
Department ofChemical Engineering Department ofElectronics
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological andCommunication Engineering
University Anantapur S. V.University
Anantapuramu, AndhraPradesh, India Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
ISBN978-981-15-5735-4 ISBN978-981-15-5736-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5736-1
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Preface
Waste valorization aims recycling of waste, favourable disposal, storage, sorting
and in some cases synthesis of valuable products. The depletion of raw materials,
thedemandforecosafegreenproductsandsocioeconomicconcernshavepromoted
thetechnologiesfordirectrecyclingofwastesandresidues.Wastevalorisationalso
accredits the use of renewable energy, elimination and use of toxic chemicals and
development of bio-benign products, to allow return and reuse to the biosphere,
andeliminationofwastethroughthesuperiordesignofmaterials,productssystems
and business models. Various valorization techniques are currently showing pro-
mise in meeting industrial demands. Due to resource scarcity, increasing green-
house emissions energy crisis and awareness of the need for sustainable
development in terms of safely reusing waste and biomass, the transformation of
waste/biomass to valuable materials and energy is emerging as a promising trend.
The search of more sustainable ways to live is emphasized on the cutting of waste
productionandwasterecycling.Inoursociety,widespreadfeelingof“environment
in danger” has nucleated a general realization of minimizing waste production in
ourdailylivesandhasboostedmanymethodstoachievesustainabledevelopment,
with improved waste management leading to the production of industrially
importantmaterials,chemicalsandfuels,inessence,valuableendproductsfromthe
waste. Driven by technological advances or by changes in social–economic
circumstances,thetechnologiesshowingsteadygrowthininterestandapplications,
inbothresearchandindustry,arecalled“novel”or“emergent”technologieswhich
hold the potential to change the paradigm and revolutionize the bioprocessing
industry.
Various valorization techniques are currently showing promise in meeting
industrialdemands.Scientistsandengineersareworkingonprototypetechnologies
that can begin this job. Waste valorization is one of the current research areas that
have attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years as a potential
alternativetothedisposalofawiderangeofresiduesinlandfillsites.Inparticular,
the development of environmentally sound and innovative strategies to process
such waste is an area of increasing importance in our current society. There are
numerous strategies for waste recycling or processing such as composting,
v
vi Preface
regenerated animal feed and bedding, anaerobic digestion and so on. There are
numerous strategies for waste recycling or processing such as composting, regen-
erated animal feed and bedding, anaerobic digestion and so on. Lignin biomass
conversion into fine chemicals using designer photocatalytic nanomaterial has
becomeapromisingtechnology.Someofthesetechniqueshavebeensuccessfulin
making their way to commercialization.
The agro-food industries generate huge quantities of biodegradable solid or
liquid wastes and consist of organic residues of the processed raw materials, and
hence, various technological developments are emerging based on food industries
to convert biomass into renewable fuels (biomethane, bioalcohol, biohydrogen,
bio-oil/biochar). Recovery of value-added components from agro-waste using
various emerging techniques like ultrasonication, microwave-based techniques,
pulsedelectricfield,bioreactors,membranebioreactor,enzymemembranereactors
is gaining importance globally. Synthesis of biopolymers, production of biofertil-
izers, isolation of single-cell protein, organic acids of speciality application,
developmentofbio-adsorbentsarealsosomeinnovativeapproachesemergingfrom
agro-wastes. Technological developments for waste management to control plastic
pollutionandthesynthesisofbio-basedplasticsareappearingasthemostimportant
issues in the circular economy era. The multi-valorization of underused bio-
resources such as agro-food wastes, forestry surplus, seaweeds or microalgae is a
desirable approach to meet the bio-economy challenges, hence using biomass as a
sustainable renewable feedstock inbio-refinerysystems iscrucialfor thetransition
from a non-biodegradable fossil carbon-based economy to a bio-based economy.
Since the strategies replying on single conventional treatment technologies do not
lead to optimal utilization of the valuable resources in the waste, “cascading
approaches”, viz. coupling the generation of product and by-product processing to
high value product emerging to address the challenge technological feasibility
issue. This editorial volume is covering various aspects of waste management and
controlwithtechnologicaldevelopmentsofnovelrecyclingapproachestoprovidea
comprehensive global perspective of waste recycling, value addition to waste and
circular process economy aspects of emerging technologies.
The 8th IconSWM 2018 received 380 abstracts and 320 full papers from
30countries.ThreehundredacceptedfullpapershavebeenpresentedinNovember
2018 at Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. After a
thorough review by experts and required revisions, the board has finally selected
thirteen chapters in this book Emerging Technologies for Waste Valorization and
Environmental Protection.
The IconSWM movement was initiated focusing better waste management,
resource circulation and environmental protection since the year 2009. It helps
generating awareness and bringing all the stakeholders together from all over the
world under the aegis of the International Society of Waste Management, Air and
Water (ISWMAW). It established a few research projects across the world
involving the CST at Indian Institute of Science, Jadavpur University, and a few
other institutions in India and experts from more than 30 countries in the research
project on the circular economy. Consortium of Researchers in International
Preface vii
Collaboration (CRIC) and many other organizations across the world are helping
the IconSWM movement. IconSWM has become one of the biggest platforms in
India for knowledge sharing and awareness generation among the Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs), government departments, researchers, industries, NGOs, commu-
nitiesandotherstakeholdersintheareaofwastemanagement.Theprimaryagenda
ofthisconferenceistoreducethewastegenerationencouragingtheimplementation
of 5Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Remanufacturing and Repair) concept. The
conference provided holistic pathways to waste management and resource circu-
lation conforming to urban mining and circular economy.
The success of the 8th IconSWM is the result of effective contribution of the
government of Andhra Pradesh, several industry associations, chamber of com-
merce and industries and the AP higher education council, various organizations
and individuals in India and abroad. Support of the UNEP, UNIDO, UNCRD,
delegation from the European Union and other foreign organizations was signifi-
cant. The 8th IconSWM 2018 was attended by nearly 823 delegates from 22
countries.The9thIconSWM2019washeldatKIIT,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,during
27–30 November 2019, with nearly 900 participants from 30 countries.
This book will be helpful for the educational and research institutes, policy
makers, government, implementers, ULBs and NGOs. Hope to see you all in 10th
IconSWM-CE 2020 in December 2020.
Kolkata, India Prof. Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
April 2020 Prof. Chiranjib Bhattacharya
Prof. S. Varadarajan
Prof. Suggala V. Satyanarayana
Editors
Acknowledgements
We thank Hon’ble Chief Minister and Hon’ble Minister of MA&UD for taking
personal interest in this conference.
WeareindebtedtoShri.R.ValavanKarikal,IAS,Dr.C.L.VenkataRao,Shri.
B.S.S.Prasad,IFS(Retd.),Prof.S.VijayaRajuandProf.A.RajendraPrasad,VC,
ANU, for their unconditional support and guidance for preparing the platform for
the successful 8th IconSWM at Guntur, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
We must express our gratitude to Mr. Vinod Kumar Jindal, ICoAS,
Shri.D.MuralidharReddy,IAS,Shri.K.KannaBabu,IAS,Mr.VivekJadav,IAS,
Mr. Anjum Parwez, IAS, Mr. Bala Kishore, Prof. S. Varadarajan,
Mr.K.Vinayakam,Prof.ShinichiSakai,KyotoUniversity,JSMCWM,Prof.Y.C.
SeoandProf.S.W.RheeofKSWM,Shri.C.R.C.MohantyofUNCRD,members
of Industry Associations in Andhra Pradesh, Prof. P. Agamuthu, WM&R,
Prof.M.Nelles,RostockUniversity,Dr.ReneVanBerkelofUNIDO,Ms.Kakuko
Nagatani-Yoshida and Mr. Atul Bagai of UNEP and UN Delegation of India for
their active support.
IconSWM-ISWMAW committee acknowledges the contribution and interest of
all the sponsors, industry partners, industries, co-organizers, organizing partners
aroundtheworld,thegovernmentofAndhraPradesh,SwachhAndhraCorporation
astheprincipalcollaborator,thevicechancellorandalltheprofessorsandacademic
communityatAcharayaNagarjunaUniversity(ANU),thechairman,vicechairman,
SecretaryandotherofficersofAndhraPradesh StateCouncilofHigher Education,
for involving all the universities in the state, the chairman, member Secretary and
theofficersoftheAndhraPradeshPollutionControlBoard,thedirectoroffactories,
the director of boilers, director of mines and officers of different ports in Andhra
Pradesh and the delegates and service providers, for making the 8th IconSWM a
successful event.
We must specially mention the support and guidance by each of the members
of the international scientific committee, CRIC members, the core group members
and the local organizing committee members of the 8th IconSWM who are the
pillarsforthesuccessoftheprogramme.Theeditorialboardmembersincludingthe
ix
x Acknowledgements
reviewers, authors and speakers and Mr. Aninda Bose and Ms. Kamiya Khatter of
M/s. Springer India Pvt. Ltd. deserve thanks who were very enthusiastic in giving
me inputs to bring this book.
WemustmentiontheactiveparticipationofalltheteammembersinIconSWM
SecretariatacrossthecountrywithspecialmentionofProf.H.N.Chanakyaandhis
team in IISc, Bangalore, Ms. Sheetal Singh and Dr. Sandhya Jaykumar and their
her team in CMAK and BBMP, Mr. Saikesh Paruchuri, Mr. Anjaneyulu,
Ms. Senophiah Mary, Mr. Rahul Baidya, Ms. Ipsita Saha, Mr. Suresh Mondal,
Mr. Bisweswar Ghosh, Mr. Gobinda Debnath, Mr. Soumen Chatterjee,
Ms. Ritasree Chatterjee and the research team members in the mechanical engi-
neering dept. and ISWMAW, Kolkata HQ, for various activities for the success
of the 8th IconSWM 2018. Special thanks to Sannidhya Kumar Ghosh, for being
the governing body member of ISWMAW supported the activities from the USA.
I am indebted to Mrs. Pranati Ghosh who gave me guidance and moral support
in achieving the success of the event. Once again the IconSWM and ISWMAW
express gratitude to all the stakeholders, delegates and speakers who are the part
of the success of the 8th IconSWM 2018.
Prof. Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Contents
Bird Diversity in the Mining Area of Bellary-Hospet Region,
Karnataka, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
J. P. Kotangale, Arindam Ghosh, and Amit Kumar Ghosh
IoT-Based Waste Management System Through Cloud
Computing and WSN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M. Humera Khanam, V. Yamini, C. Sucharitha, Samia Anjum,
and Y. C. Thejaswini
AStudyonSelectionoftheBiofilmfortheHybridUp-FlowAnaerobic
Sludge Blanket (HUASB) Reactor Using the Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
R. Loganath, J. Senophiyah-Mary, and Teema Thomas
Experimental Investigations on the Combined Effect of TiO
2
Nanoadditive and EGR on Engine Performance by Using Mimusops
Elangi Biodiesel Blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
R. L. Krupakaran, B. Dhinesh, B. Sachuthananthan, and N. Manigandan
Production and Application of Chitosanases in Valorization
of Crustacean Waste to Wealth—A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
P. Jeevana Lakshmi, Y. Hepsiba, and Ch. M. Kumari Chitturi
Capture of CO from Automobile Exhaust by Using Physical
2
Adsorption Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
S. Mohankumar, B. Dhinesh, Muhammad Usman Kaisan,
and P. Mohamed Shameer
Chemical Characterization and Environmental Implications
of Recycled Sewage Sludge in the Proximity Soil
of Treatment Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
P. Balaganesh, M. Vasudevan, S. M. Suneethkumar, and N. Natarajan
xi