Table Of ContentEmerging Real-World
Applications of Internet
of Things
The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or
things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules,
processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchang-
ing data among the other devices over the Internet. These objects or things
are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to complex industrial
heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be any living or non-living object that
can be provided capabilities to sense, process, and exchange data over a
network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household
works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention
of another human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation
as well as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from
real-time monitoring of working systems to supply chain and logistics oper-
ations. The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inven-
tions of the 21st century.
Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world appli-
cations of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health
care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. The IoT has emerged as a
paradigm-shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many
companies, governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications
to improve their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly
transforming toward a “smart world” with smart devices. As a conse-
quence, it shows many new opportunities coming up in the near “smart”
future for IoT professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of
advancements related to IoT applications and further investigate several
research challenges related to the applicability of IoT in different domains
to make it more adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal,
this book provides the most recent and prominent applications of IoT in
different domains as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applica-
tions for various new domains.
Emerging Real-World
Applications of Internet
of Things
Edited by
Anshul Verma
Pradeepika Verma
Yousef Farhaoui
Zhihan Lv
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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© 2023 Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma, Yousef Farhaoui and Zhihan Lv
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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ISBN: 978-1-032-30260-7 (hbk)
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DOI: 10.1201/9781003304203
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Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Editors xi
Contributors xiii
1 Secure IoT data using blockchain 1
AISHWARYA DHATRAK, MINGWEI GONG, RANESH NAHA,
AND ANIKET MAHANTI
2 Energy data lakes: An edge Internet of Energy approach 21
ABDULLAH ALSALEMI, ABBES AMIRA, HOSSEIN MALEKMOHAMADI,
KEGONG DIAO, AND FAYCAL BENSAALI
3 Cyberattack detection and prevention on resource-
constrained IoT devices based on intelligent agents 41
HUY-TRUNG NGUYEN AND QUOC-DUNG NGO
4 Artificial intelligence system for intelligent monitoring and
management of water treatment plants 69
JAMAL MABROUKI, GHIZLANE FATTAH, SIHAM KHERRAF,
YOUNES ABROUKI, MOURADE AZROUR, AND SOUAD EL HAJJAJI
5 Very long range (VLoRa) communication for the Internet
of things: An imaginative proposal for Raspberry
Pi transmitters and the WSPR protocol 89
JOSHUA D. REICHARD
6 Analysis of applying blockchain technology to
hospitality operation 103
KEI AU YEUNG, MINGWEI GONG, RANESH NAHA, AND ANIKET MAHANTI
v
vi Contents
7 Hardware security considerations and challenges in
IoT architectures 133
MOHAMMAD S. KHAN, SHERALI ZEADALLY, AND NATHAN EGGERS
8 Virtualization using Docker container 157
BRIJESH PANDEY, ASHISH KUMAR MISHRA, ARUN YADAV,
DURGESH TIWARI, AND MAHIMA SHANKER PANDEY
9 IoT-enabled smart street light control for demand
response applications 183
AROSHANA HETTIARACHCHI AND SHAMA NAZ ISLAM
10 IoT in retail industry: The emergence of walkaway
technology in business 203
SHIVAM SAKSHI AND RAMACHANDRA REDDY GADI
11 Respiratory rate meter with the Internet of things 217
EFRAIN VILLALVAZO LAUREANO, ANMAR S. MORA MARTÍNEZ,
RAMÓN O. JIMÉNEZ BETANCOURT, JUAN M. GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ,
AND DANIEL A. VERDE ROMERO
12 Artificial intelligence with IoT for energy efficiency
in buildings 233
AYA SAYED, YASSINE HIMEUR, FAYCAL BENSAALI,
AND ABBES AMIRA
Index 253
Preface
OVERVIEW AND GOALS
The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected physical objects or
things that are working along with sensors, wireless transceiver modules,
processors, and software required for connecting, processing, and exchang-
ing data among the other devices over the Internet. The name “Internet of
things” was given by the British visionary Kevin Ashton, in 1999. These
objects or things are devices ranging from simple handheld devices to com-
plex industrial heavy machines. A thing in IoT can be a person with a hand
watch having heart beats monitoring capability, a dog with a collar tran-
sponder for location monitoring, a car with sensors to activate automatic
brake when car is about to hit some objects, or any living and non-living
object that can be provided capabilities to process and exchange data over a
network. The IoT provides people with the ability to handle their household
works to industrial tasks smartly and efficiently without the intervention
of human. The IoT provides smart devices for home automation as well
as business solutions for delivering insights into everything from real-time
monitoring of the working system to supply chain and logistics operations.
The IoT has become one of the most prominent technological inventions of
the 21st century. The total number of installed IoT devices is nearly 13.8
billion in 2021, and it is expected that the number of IoT devices will reach
30.9 billion by 2025.
Due to the versatility of IoT devices, there are numerous real-world appli-
cations of the IoT in various domains such as smart home, smart city, health
care, agriculture, industry, and transportation. For example, smart homes
have smart thermostats, smart appliances, and connected heating, light-
ing, and electronic devices that can be controlled remotely by computers
and smartphones at the ease of owner. In health care, the IoT offers many
applications, including monitoring patients more closely by analyzing the
data gathered by wearable devices. The IoT has emerged as a paradigm-
shifting technology that is influencing various industries. Many companies,
governments, and civic bodies are shifting to IoT applications to improve
their works and to become more efficient. The world is slowly transforming
vii
viii Preface
toward a “smart world” with smart devices. As a consequence, it shows
many new opportunities coming up in the near “smart” future for IoT
professionals. Therefore, there is a need to keep track of advancements
related to IoT applications and further investigate several research chal-
lenges related to applicability of IoT in different domains, to make it more
adaptable for practical and industrial use. With this goal, the book will
provide most recent and prominent applications of IoT in different domains
as well as issues and challenges in developing IoT applications for various
new domains.
Below are some of the important features of this book, which, we believe,
would make it a valuable resource for our readers:
• This book is designed, in structure and content, with the intention of
making the book useful at all learning levels.
• Most of the chapters of the book are authored by prominent academi-
cians, researchers, and practitioners, with solid experience and expo-
sure to research in the IoT. These contributors have been working in
this area for many years and have a thorough understanding of the
concepts and practical applications.
• The authors of chapters of this book are distributed in a large num-
ber of countries, and most of them are affiliated with institutions of
worldwide reputation. This gives this book an international flavor.
• The authors of each chapter have attempted to provide a comprehen-
sive bibliography section, which should greatly help the readers inter-
ested in further digging into the aforementioned research area.
• Throughout the chapters of this book, most of the core research topics
have been covered, making the book particularly useful for indus-
try practitioners working directly with the practical aspects behind
enabling the technologies in the field.
We have attempted to make the different chapters of the book look as much
coherent and synchronized as possible.
TARGET AUDIENCE
This book will be beneficial for academicians, researchers, developers,
engineers, and practitioners working in or interested in the fields related
to IoT, wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and ubiquitous
computing. This book is expected to serve as a reference book for develop-
ers and engineers working in the IoT domain and for a graduate/postgradu-
ate course in computer science and engineering/information technology/
electronics and communication engineering.
Acknowledgments
We are extremely thankful to the authors of the 12 chapters of this book,
who have worked very hard to bring this unique resource forward for help-
ing the students, researchers, and community practitioners. We feel that it
is contextual to mention that as the individual chapters of this book are
written by different authors, the responsibility of the contents of each of the
chapters lies with the concerned authors.
We like to thank Randi Cohen, Publisher, Computer Science and IT, and
Gabriella Williams, Editor, IT – Security, Networking and Communication,
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, who worked with us on the proj-
ect from the beginning, for their professionalism. We also thank Daniel
Kershaw, Senior Editorial Assistant, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,
and his team members who tirelessly worked with us and helped us in the
publication process.
This book is a part of the research work funded by “Seed Grant to Faculty
Members under IoE Scheme (under Dev. Scheme No. 6031)” awarded to
Anshul Verma at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, and “DST-
Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India (File
no. PDF/2020/001646)” awarded to Pradeepika Verma at Indian Institute
of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
ix
