Table Of ContentHamid R. Taghiyari
Jeffrey J. Morrell
Azamal Husen Editors
Emerging
Nanomaterials
Opportunities and Challenges in
Forestry Sectors
Emerging Nanomaterials
Hamid R. Taghiyari • Jeffrey J. Morrell
Azamal Husen
Editors
Emerging Nanomaterials
Opportunities and Challenges
in Forestry Sectors
Editors
Hamid R. Taghiyari Jeffrey J. Morrell
Department of Wood Science National Centre of Timber
and Technology Durability & Design Life
Faculty of Materials Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast
and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Brisbane, Australia
Teacher Training University
Tehran, Iran
Azamal Husen
Wolaita Sodo University
Wolaita, Ethiopia
ISBN 978-3-031-17377-6 ISBN 978-3-031-17378-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17378-3
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Preface
Bio-based materials, including those containing wood, will become increasingly
important as we move to a bio-based economy. Among other attributes, two are of
vital importance: firstly, they are renewable, thus, with proper management, a sus-
tainable development can be established on their basis; secondly, bio-based materi-
als can be more environmentally friendly. While wood is an amazing material, it
still has negative attributes and drawbacks that can affect performance, including
dimensional instability when wetted, vulnerability to fire and high temperatures,
and susceptibility to biodeterioration. A variety of treatments have been developed
to overcome these weaknesses. Among the most exciting of these treatments are
nanomaterials. These materials have some exceptionally attractive properties for
improving timber performance and have been the subject of intensive research over
the past decade. There is a tremendous need for a single comprehensive source of
information on this rapidly emerging subject with tremendous potential to enhance
the performance of a variety of bio-based materials. This book contains 10 chapters,
each compiled by different authors who are considered top researchers in their
respective fields. The chapters begin with some basic background on nanomaterials
and their synthesis, then explore different areas for potential applications, and then
conclude with a review of the emerging questions about nanomaterials safety. The
book is designed to provide the latest information and know-how on application and
utilization of different nanomaterials to improve the properties of wood and wood-
based composite panels. The contents cover some main topics in the industry from
improvement in physical and mechanical properties to increased resistance to bio-
degradation (including fungi and insects) to the development of wood-plastic
v
vi Preface
composites (WPCs) or emergence of transparent wood. It also covers the use of
nanomaterials to improve the performance of paints and finishes used for forest
products. The book provides a single location for those interested in the field to better
understand the potential of these materials.
Tehran, Iran Hamid R. Taghiyari
Brisbane, QLD, Australia Jeffrey J. Morrell
Wolaita, Ethiopia Azamal Husen
Contents
Emerging Nanomaterials for Forestry and Associated Sectors:
An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hamid R. Taghiyari, Jeffrey J. Morrell, and Azamal Husen
Potential of Nanomaterials in Bio-Based Wood Adhesives:
An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Petar Antov, Seng Hua Lee, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis,
and Sumit Manohar Yadav
Nanomaterials to Improve Fire Properties in Wood
and Wood-Based Composite Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Jakub Kawalerczyk, Joanna Walkiewicz, Dorota Dziurka,
and Radosław Mirski
Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs): Applications of Nanomaterials . . . . . . 97
Mustafa Zor, Fatih Mengeloğlu, Deniz Aydemir, Ferhat Şen,
Engin Kocatürk, Zeki Candan, and Orhan Ozcelik
Nanomaterials to Improve Properties in Wood-Based
Composite Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Viktor Savov
Nanomaterials to Improve the Strength of Wooden Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Roger Moya and Carolina Tenorio
Application of Nanomaterials for Wood Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Tumirah Khadiran, Latifah Jasmani, and Rafeadah Rusli
Nanocellulose in Paper and Board Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Ayhan Tozluoglu, Saim Ates, Ekrem Durmaz, Selva Sertkaya,
Recai Arslan, Orhan Ozcelik, and Zeki Candan
vii
viii Contents
Green Materials for Radiation Shielding: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Ertuğrul Demir, Zeki Candan, Ning Yan, Araz Rajabi-Abhari,
Özlem Vural, Matlab Mirzayev, Evgeni Popov, S. İpek Karaaslan,
and Bülent Büyük
Formaldehyde Emissions from Wood- Based Composites:
Effects of Nanomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Charalampos Lykidis
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
About the Editors
Hamid R. Taghiyari’s, main area of expertise is fluid
flow and permeability in wood and wood-based compos-
ites, wood modification techniques, and utilization of
nanomaterials in wood and wood-based composites. He
has intensively worked on the effects of different nano-
materials on properties of solid wood (different species),
and composite panels as well, over the last two decades.
He began work with nanometals (including silver, cop-
per, zinc oxide); soon, he turned to minerals as they are
more abundant and cheaper, and cause lesser environ-
mental hazards. The results of his studies have been pub-
lished in a wide range of academic journals. He had the
privilege of mentoring more than 40 postgraduate stu-
dents, mainly on utilization of nanomaterials to improve
different properties in solid wood, as well wood-based
composite panels, including physical and mechanical
properties, fire-retardant properties, and biological dura-
bility against wood- deteriorating fungi and insects.
Jeffrey J. Morrell, holds BSc and PhD degrees form
the State University of New York, College of
Environmental Science and Forestry, in forest biology
and forest pathology and mycology, respectively, as
well as an MSc from Pennsylvania State University in
plant pathology (nematology). He has over 40 years of
experience in the field of wood science, concentrating
on durability. His research has spanned the field from
understanding the fungal sequences during decay to
the use of various chemicals to minimize fungal attack
and ultimately to the movement and fate of preserva-
tives, especially in aquatic environments. He has been
fortunate to mentor more than 50 postgraduate stu-
ix
x About the Editors
dents. He is currently director of the National Centre
for Timber Durability and Design Life at the University
of the Sunshine Coast in Brisbane, Australia, and is
actively engaged in research related to enhancing the
performance of cellulosic materials.
Azamal Husen, currently a foreign delegate at Wolaita
Sodo University, Wolaita, Ethiopia, has served the
University of Gondar, Ethiopia, as Full Professor of
Biology, and worked there as the coordinator of the
MSc program and as the head of the Department of
Biology. Earlier, he was a visiting faculty at the Forest
Research Institute and the Doon College of Agriculture
and Forest in Dehra Dun, India. His research and teach-
ing experience of 20 years involves studies of biogenic
nanomaterial fabrication and application; plant
responses to nanomaterials; plant adaptation to harsh
environments at the physiological, biochemical, and
molecular levels; herbal medicine; and clonal propaga-
tion for improvement of tree species. He has conducted
several research projects sponsored by various funding
agencies, including the World Bank (FREEP), the
National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), the
Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), the
Indian Council of Forest Research Education (ICFRE),
and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation
(JBIC). He received four fellowships from India and a
recognition award from the University of Gondar,
Ethiopia, for excellent teaching, research, and commu-
nity service. Dr. Husen has been on the editorial boards
and the panel of reviewers of several reputed journals
published by Elsevier, Frontiers Media, Taylor &
Francis, Springer Nature, RSC, Oxford University
Press, Sciendo, The Royal Society, CSIRO, PLOS,
MDPI, and John Wiley & Sons. He is on the advisory
board of Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK. Dr.
Husen is a fellow of the Plantae Group of the American
Society of Plant Biologists, and a member of the
International Society of Root Research, Asian Council
of Science Editors, and INPST. He has more than 175
publications to his credit. He is editor-in-chief of the
American Journal of Plant Physiology, and a series edi-
tor of Exploring Medicinal Plants (Taylor & Francis
Group, USA); Plant Biology, Sustainability, and Climate
Change (Elsevier, USA); and Smart Nanomaterials
Technology (Springer Nature, Singapore).
