Table Of ContentEMERGING FIELDS IN SOL-GEL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EMERGING FIELDS IN SOL-GEL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
edited by
Tessy Maria Lopez
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana
Mexico
David Avnir
The Hebrew University
Israel
Michel Aegerter
Institut fur Neue Materialien
Germany
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Ubrary of Congress Cataloama·in·Pu.blication Data
Emerging fields in sol-gel science and technology 1e dited by
Tessy Maria L6pez, David Avnir, Michel Aegerter.
p.cm.
lncludes index.
ISBN 978-1-4020-7458-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-0449-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0449-8
1. Cetamic materials--Congresses. 2. Colloids-Congresses.
1. L6pez, Tessy Maria. II Avnir, D. (David). ID. Aegerter M. A.
IV International Materials Research Congress ( 11111: 2002:
Cancun, Mexico)
TP8lO.S.E44 2003
666--dc21
2003051957
Copyright O 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint ofthe bardcover lst edition 2003
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Prînted on acid-free paper.
EMERGING FIELDS
IN
SOL·GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii
PART 1. SOL-GEL CATALYST MATERIALS 1
1.1 "Metallocene Catalysts supported on porous oxides
prepared by sol-gel Technique for polymerization of
olefins.
R. Quijada, l. L. Guevara, l. Retuert. 3
1.2 Synthesis and Applications of Catalysts Prepared by Sol-
Gel Methods
R. D. Gonzalez, Sarah Arsenault 12
1.3 "Catalytic Activity of sol-gel metal and metal oxide
catalysts"
G. Pecchi and P. Reyes 24
1.4 "Application of sol-gel chemistry to the preparation of
sulfated oxides and hydrophobic catalysts"
F. Figueras and l. L. Flores. 37
1.5 "Phenol Degradation and Photodegradation using UV- by
Fe203 supported on Ah03 and Ti02 prepared by sol-gel
method."
G. Pecchi, P. Reyes and 1. Villasenor. 49
1.6 "Catalytic expoxidation of ciclohexane on MCM-41 and
Ti-MCM-41"
G. Pecchi, P. Reyes, G. Borda and M. Oportus. 59
1.7 ''Transition Bimetallic Carbides: Synthesis and
Characterization"
A.1. Reyes, l.A. Melo, l.G. Sandoval, R. Silva Rodrigo, l. M.
DomInguez, A. Toledo, D. Acosta. 67
1.8 "Dehydrogenation and dehydration of Isopropanol
Catalyzed with sol-gel MgO-Ah03"
J. Wang, L. Chen, T. Lopez, R. Gomez, O. Novaro. 78
1.9 "Ceramic compounds MTiOx synthesis and photocatalytic
properties"
A. Hernandez, L. M. Torres-Martinez, W. Ortega, T. L6pez. 84
PART 2. ADSORPTION AND POROSITY 93
2.1 "Engineering of ceramic microstructures for functionality".
B. Yoldas. 95
2.2 "Sorption properties of mesoporous silica sol-gel vitreous
substrata".
J. M. Esparza, P. Salas, G. Hernandez, A. M. Vidales. and F.
Rojas. 104
2.3 "Microporosity in silica syntesized by sol-gel method.
Adsorption of nitrogen at 76K"
M.A. Hernandez, J. A. Velasco, L. Corona, M. Asomoza, S.
Solis, F. Rojas, V.H. Lara. 116
2.4 "Aluminosilicatos of bimodal porosity prepared by
hydrothermal treatment starting from hybrid composites".
A. Hidrobo, J. Retuert, P. Araya, E. Wolf 124
PART 3. SOL-GEL OXIDE MATERIALS 133
3.1 "Hydrophobic silica aerogels under subcritical conditions:
Preparation and characterization".
A. Fidalgo, M. E. Rosa, L. M. Ilharco. 135
3.2 "Synthesis and Characterization of metal oxide
nanopartic1es" .
G. Oskam, R. Lee Penn, Z. Hu, P. C. Searson. 149
3.3 "Contribution to the sol-gel chemistry in silica based
systems"
M. Zaharescu, V. Bildescu, A. Vasilescu and A. Jitianu. 157
3.4 "Effect of precursor and ultrasound on the properties of
some C60-doped sol-gel silica materials".
M. Riiileanu, M. Giubelan, M. Zaharescu, A. Jitianu, I.
Peleanu, A. Meghea. 165
3.5 "SEM Morphological study and Trasnsparency properties of
hybrid Si0 -phenolic resin materials".
2
G. Hernandez-Padron, F. Rojas, M. Garcia-Garduno and C.
Peza. 173
3.6 "Effect of Yttrium on the Crystal Structure of Zr02".
M. L. Ojeda, A. Campero. 181
3.7 "Effect of alkalinous ions on the Raman Scattering
spectrum of zirconia prepared by sol-gel process".
M. Picquart, A. Moreno-RodrIguez, T. LOpez, E. Haro-
Poniatowski. 187
3.8 "Anatase-Rutile phase transformation of Cu++ doped Ti02 in
a non-reducing atmosphere".
G. Cordoba, 1. Padilla, V. H. Lara and R. Arroyo. 195
3.9 "Silica obtained by sol-gel processing and modified through
indium incorporation".
E. Ramos, G. Rangel and T. Lopez. 203
3.10 "Sol-gel zirconia: Phosphate addition .effect".
M. s. Collado, E: Ramos, T. LOpez and 1. F. Perez. 211
PART 4. MIXED OXIDE MATERIALS 219
4.1 "Thermal stability and hydrolysis catalysts effect on sol-gel
zirconia in the presence of heteropolyacids".
J. Hernandez-Cortes, T. Lopez, D. Aguilar and P. Quintana. 221
4.2 "Characterization of Ti-AI-Mg oxides obtained by sol-gel
method and its potential application as V trap and SOx
reducer".
L. Cedeno, L. Ordonez, F. Hernandez and F. Pedraza. 230
4.3 "Molecular structures ofW03/Ah03-Ti02 catalysts under
controlled environment".
A. Gutierrez-Alejandre, 1. Ramirez. 238
4.4 "Ternary (Mg-Zn-Al) hydrotalcites synthesis".
R. Cuevas, A. A. Vargas, F. Pedraza, A. 1. Garda and 1.
Ram{rez. 246
4.5 "Phase structure and thermal evolution in mixed oxides
TiOz-Zr02 powders obtained by the sol-gel process".
M. Manriquez, T. Lopez, D. Aguilar and P. Quintana. 254
4.6 "Acid properties of pure and sulfated mixed oxides of
Ah03-Ti02 and Ah03-Zr02 prepared by sol-gel".
1. L. Flores and F. Figueras. 265
PART S. TmN FILMS 275
5.1 "Sol-Gel and Nanopartic1e Technologies for the
Development of transparent Conducting Oxide Coatings".
J. Puetz, F. N. Chalvet, G. Gasparro, N. AI-Dahoudi, M. A
Aergerter. 277
5.2 "Nanostructures, Magnetic Materials, Ceramics and Thin
Films Probed by X-rays.
D. L. Ederer, T. M. Schuler, S. ltza-Ortiz, J. Jimenez, S. Stadler
and T. A Callcott. 293
5.3 "Hybrid sol-gel films for holographic applications".
D. Bersani, R. Raschella, I.G. Marino, P. P. Lottici, G. Gnappi,
A Lorenzi, A Montenero. 307
5.4 "Cadmium stannate thin films prepared by sol-gel process".
C. Velasquez, A Campero, AOrtiz. 317
5.5 "Characterization of Ti0 films obtained by sol-gel from
2
Titanium isopropoxide in the presence of
hydroxypropy1cellulose" .
A F. Torres and D.R. Acosta. 322
5.6 "Photosensitive organic-inorganic Irbid films for photonic
cristal using sol-gel process".
H. Segawa, J. Tabuchi, K. Yoshida, T. Kondo, S. Matsuo and
H. Misawa. 331
5.7 "Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCo02) films obtained by different
sol-gel methods".
L. Predoana, M. Crisan, M. Gartner, M. Zaharescu, R.
Vidu, F. T. Quinlan, C. D. Vidu, P. Stroeve. 341
PART 6. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS 349
6.1 "Energy savings calculation for offices with electrochromic
window panes".
M. A Porta-Gandara; N. Chargoy del Valle and J. L.
Fernandez-Zayas. 351
6.2 "Thermodynamic study of component and species
distributions in a one component system as a first step of
sol-gel processes: The thermodynamic mechanism of
polymerization".
A Rojas-Hernandez, R. Moya, J. C. Rueda and M. T. Ram(rez. 364
6.3 "Microstructural characterization of the API X -70 pipeline
steel under sour environments".
A. Contreras, A. Albiter, C. Angeles and R. Perez.
6.4 "Metallurgical characterization of weld bead of API X -60
and X-65 steel pipelines".
C. Natividad, M. Salazar, C. Angeles and R. Perez,
6.S "On the nature of the crystalline phases which coexist with
Fe3AI intermetallic compounds".
M. Salazar, C. Chavez, R. Perez and G. Rosas.
6.6 "Microestructural and Mechanical Properties in the weld
bead of the API X-52 steel pipeline".
A. Albiter, A. Contreras, C. Angeles and R. Perez.
6.7 "EPR-Characterization of Carbon Inclusions in Boron
Carabide" .
M. Kakazey, M. Vlasova, J. G. Gonzalez and M. Dom(nguez.
6.S "Biological materials for removing and recovering heavy
metals".
M. T. Garza, M. A. Suarez, R. Ram{rez and O. Coto.
6.9 "E.coli genetically modified and encapsulated in sol-gel
silica".
G. Aguirre, T. LOpez, P. Quintana, D. Aguilar, A. Ortega
Index
PREFACE
During the last 30 years, sol-gel science has developed rapidly
in economically emergent countries. This has already happened in
China due to its ancient heritage in the ceramic materials field. In
Latin-American countries the study and development of new catalysts
by sol-gel technology can provide important economic revenues
because of the abundance of oil in many parts of this region.
Nevertheless, the scientific study of these sol-gel materials seems now
to be surpassing, in some instances, their technological applications
thus representing a source of forthcoming practical discoveries. Some
of the main areas of knowledge that have received benefits from recent
sol-gel advancements are: (i) synthesis of new materials endowed with
outstanding and non-conventional optical, magnetic, electrical, thermal,
catalytic, and mechanical properties, (ii) study of the sorption
properties of model porous materials in order to test the validity of
previous and recent theories, (iii) theoretical studies related to density
functional theory, fractal and scaling law approaches, (iv) synthesis of
biomaterials for use in medicine and pollution control, (v) application
of sol-gel colloids in the fine-chemistry industry in products such as
fragrances and pharmaceuticals, (vi) development of special vitreous
materials, (vii) implementation of inorganic thin films, (viii) synthesis
of materials for energy saving.
All previous six International Materials Research Congresses
have been held in Cancun, Mexico. In August 2002 the Organizing
Committee of this Congress invited the scientific sol-gel community to
participate for the first time in the Symposium "Sol-Gel and Vitreous
Materials and Applications". One hundred and twenty researchers
representing 10 countries attended this symposium. The presentation
format of the symposium included three oral sessions and a poster
exposition. Well-recognized sol-gel leaders delivered 12 plenary
conferences and 68 works were accepted after peer reviewing including
a 46% rejection.
This effort was made in order to bring together the scientific
community of the economically emergent countries and some
distinguished personalities of more developed nations to share new
discoveries related to sol-gel science and also with the aim of reaching
common interests and reduce the economic gap between the
participating countries. Given the great response to and participation in
this event, the Iztapalapa Sol-Gel Science and Technology Society was
founded. During this event, attendees met to discuss ways for finding
more productive links between academia and industry.
Finally we would like to call attention to a small but not
negligible situation. In economically emergent countries the
development of science, requires the promotion of adequate
interactions with research groups in developed countries. It is our hope
that this symposia and the publication of books like the present one will
help in attaining these goals.
Tessy LOpez
