Emergency response handbook for chemical and biological agents and weapons

524 Pages·2008·8.73 MB·English

by  John R. Cashman

Second Edition
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
HANDBOOK for
CHEMICAL and
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
and WEAPONS
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Second Edition
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
HANDBOOK for
CHEMICAL and
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
and WEAPONS
JOHN R. CASHMAN
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5265-7 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid-
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cashman, John R.
Emergency response handbook for chemical and biological agents and weapons / author, John R.
Cashman. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
“A CRC title.”
Rev. ed. of: Emergency response to chemical and biological agents / John R. Cashman. 2000.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-5265-7 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Hazardous substances--Accidents--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Biological weapons--Safety
measures--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Chemical weapons--Safety measures--Handbooks, manuals,
etc. 4. Emergency medical services--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Cashman, John R. Emergency
response to chemical and biological agents. II. Title.
T55.3.H3C377 2008
628.9’2--dc22 2008002764
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
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Dedication
Both fi refi ghters and statesmen lost a wonderful friend and a constant worker for the estab-
lishment of instrumentation and methodology that would provide improvement for mean-
ingful operating procedures of the fi re service. Chief John Eversole died on May 20, 2007.
John was a giant in thought, word, and deed; and the fi re service in the United States lost a
gentle giant when he died. Chief John Eversole was a hazardous materials coordinator for
the Chicago, Illinois Fire Department.
He was a member of the department for thirty years and worked on some of the busi-
est engines, trucks, hook-and-ladders, and squad companies in the western part of the
city. Eversole was a member of the National Fire Protection Association standard com-
mittee that produced national hazardous materials NFPA-471, NFPA-472, and NFPA-473.
He was also chairman of the International Association of Fire Chiefs’ hazardous materials
committee.
He was a leader on the street, and in the committee rooms where the nitty-gritty of
hazardous materials response in the United States is thrashed out. Chief John Eversole was
approachable to all persons and eloquent in expressing his thoughts. He also had a defi nite
command presence on an incident scene gained through long command experience. John,
we are going to miss you.
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Contents
About the Author xi
Introduction xiii
1
January 6, 2005: A Gas Attack on Home Ground 1
2
The Massacre at Columbine High School 45
3
Guide to Chemical/Biological Agent Response 59
4
Introduction to Biological Agents and Toxins 93
5
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Anthrax 119
6
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Botulism 133
7
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Brucellosis 139
8
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Glanders (includes Melioidosis) 145
9
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Plague 151
10
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Q Fever 157
11
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Ricin 163
12
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Staphylococcal Enterotoxin (SEB) 167
vii
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viii Contents
13
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Smallpox (Variola) 171
14
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Mycotoxins/T-2 177
15
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Tularemia 181
16
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Viral Encephalitus 185
17
Guides for Emergency Response: Biological Agent or
Weapon: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) 191
18
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agents and
Weapons 201
19
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Arsenical Vesicants including Ethyldichloroarsine
(ED), Methyldichloroarsine (MD), Phenyldichloroarsine (PD) 215
20
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Arsine 223
21
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Cyanogen Chloride (CK) 229
22
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Diphosgene and Phosgene 233
23
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Distilled Mustard (H, HD) 239
24
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Blood Agent Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) 245
25
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Blister Agent Lewisite (L), Blister Agent Mustard-
Lewisite Mixture (HL) 251
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Contents ix
26
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Nerve Agent GF (GF) 257
27
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Nerve Agent Sarin (GB) 263
28
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Nerve Agent Soman (GD) 269
29
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Nerve Agent Tabun (GA) 275
30
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Nerve Agent VX (VX) 283
31
Guides for Emergency Response: Chemical Agent or
Weapon: Blister Agent Nitrogen Mustard (HN-1), Nitrogen
Mustard (HN-2), Nitrogen Mustard (HN-3) 289
Glossary: Quick Guide to Agents, Drugs, Equipment, Gear,
Programs, and Terminology 295
APPENDIX 1: Lethal Nerve Agent (VX) 339
APPENDIX 2: International Chemical Safety Cards 347
APPENDIX 3: Frequently Asked Questions about Smallpox 351
APPENDIX 4: Lewisite 363
APPENDIX 5: Recognition of Illness Associated with the
Intentional Release of a Biologic Agent 371
APPENDIX 6: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis to Prevent Anthrax
among Decontamination/Cleanup Workers Responding to
an Intentional Distribution of Bacillus anthracis 377
APPENDIX 7: Melioidosis 379
APPENDIX 8: Glanders 383
APPENDIX 9: Brucellosis 387
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