Emergency Radiology: Imaging of Acute Pathologies

383 Pages·2013·49.86 MB·English

by  Jeanette Chun MD

Ajay Singh
Editor
Emergency Radiology
Imaging of
Acute Pathologies
123
Emergency Radiology

Ajay Singh
Editor
Emergency Radiology
Imaging of Acute Pathologies
Editor
Ajay Singh, MD
Department of Radiology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
USA

ISBN 978-1-4419-9591-9 ISBN 978-1-4419-9592-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9592-6
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013938161
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this
legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally
for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the
Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions
for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution
under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither
the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may
be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The practice of emergency radiology has evolved rapidly over the last two decades, playing an
important part in the triage of emergency room patients. Plain radiography and CT imaging are
the most commonly used imaging modalities in managing emergency conditions in the more
than 115,000 patients visiting the emergency room. Ultrasound, MR, and nuclear medicine
imaging, although less often used, play crucial roles in managing speci fi c conditions.
This textbook of emergency radiology represents the state-of-the-art radiology practice in
the management of emergency room patients by leading experts in the fie ld. The chapters are
based on different organ systems, with few chapters being imaging modality based.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank the publishers for the privilege of editing this
textbook and their staff for professional production of this issue. I must thank the authors of the
book chapters for sharing their expertise and case material in preparing the manuscript.
Boston, MA, USA Ajay Singh, MD
v

Contents
1 Imaging of Acute Aortic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Jeanette Chun and Ajay Singh
2 Emergencies of the Biliary Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Caterina Missiroli and Ajay Singh
3 Acute Appendicitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ajay Singh, Benjamin Yeh, and Robert A. Novelline
4 Imaging of Small Bowel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Ajay Singh, Terry S. Desser, and Joseph Ferucci
5 Imaging of Bowel Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ajay Singh and Joseph Ferucci
6 Imaging of Acute Colonic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ajay Singh
7 Imaging of Genitourinary Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Robin Levenson and Mai-Lan Ho
8 Imaging of Acute Conditions of Male Reproductive Organs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Caterina Missiroli and Ajay Singh
9 Imaging of Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Paul F. von Herrmann, David J. Nickels, and Ajay Singh
10 Acute Nontraumatic Imaging in the Liver and Spleen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Dale E. Hansen III, Sridhar Shankar, and Ajay Singh
11 Imaging of Acute Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Caterina Missiroli and Ajay Singh
12 Imaging of Acute Obstetric Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Ajay Singh
13 Imaging of Acute Gynecologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Chris Malcom, Amisha Khicha, and Ajay Singh
14 Emergency Radionuclide Imaging of the Thorax and Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Paul F. von Herrmann and M. Elizabeth Oates
15 Imaging of Neck Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Ajay Singh
16 Imaging of Acute Head Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Majid Khan, Sneha Patel, and Ajay Singh
17 Imaging of Facial Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Dennis Coughlin and Paul Jaffray
vii
viii Contents
18 Stroke and Its Imaging Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Sathish Kumar Dundamadappa, Melanie Ehinger, and Andrew Chen
19 Imaging of Acute Orbital Pathologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Ajay Singh
20 Imaging of Upper Extremity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Joshua Leeman, Jonathan E. Leeman, and Ajay Singh
21 Lower Extremity Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Rathachai Kaewlai and Ajay Singh
22 Imaging of Spinal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Parul Penkar, Rathachai Kaewlai, Ajay Singh, Laura Avery,
and Robert A. Novelline
23 Imaging of Nontraumatic Mediastinal and Pulmonary Processes . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Brett W. Carter and Victorine V. Muse
24 Imaging of Acute Thoracic Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Neil Patel, Ajay Singh, and Sridhar Shankar
25 Imaging of Lines and Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Ajay Singh and Chris Heinis
26 Imaging of Pediatric Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
John J. Krol, Paul F. von Herrmann, Harigovinda R. Challa,
and Johanne E. Dillon
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Contributors
Laura Avery, MD Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital ,
Boston , MA , USA
Brett W. Carter , MD Department of Radiology , Baylor University Medical Center ,
Dallas , TX , USA
Harigovinda R. Challa , MD Division of Pediatric Radiology , University of Kentucky ,
Lexington , KY , USA
Andrew Chen , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts ,
Worcester , MA , USA
Jeanette Chun , MD Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial
Medical Center , Worcester , MA , USA
Dennis Coughlin , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts Memorial
Medical Center , Worcester , MA , USA
Terry S. Desser , MD Department of Radiology , Stanford University School of Medicine ,
Stanford , CA , USA
Johanne E. Dillon , MD Division of Pediatric Radiology , University of Kentucky ,
Lexington , KY , USA
Sathish Kumar Dundamadappa , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts ,
Worcester , MA , USA
Melanie Ehinger , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts ,
Worcester , MA , USA
Joseph Ferucci , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts Memorial
Medical Center , Worcester , MA , USA
Dale E. Hansen III, MD Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee ,
Memphis , TN , USA
Chris Heinis , MD Department of Emergency Radiology , University of Massachusetts
Memorial Medical Center , Worcester , MA , USA
Paul F. von Herrmann , MD Department of Radiology , University of Kentucky ,
Lexington , KY , USA
Mai-Lan Ho , MD Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center ,
Boston , MA , USA
Paul Jaffray , MD Department of Radiology , University of Massachusetts Memorial
Medical Center , Worcester , MA , USA
ix