Elusive Peace: International, National, and Local Dimensions of Conflict in Colombia

264 Pages·2005·24.557 MB·English

by  Cristina Rojas, Judy Meltzer (eds.)

Elusive Peace

Elusive Peace: International,
National, and Local
Dimensions of Conflict in
Colombia
Edited by
Cristina Rojas and judy Meltzer
* ELUSIVE PEACE
© Cristina Rojas and Judy Meltzer, 2005.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-674 4-2
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manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2005 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-73384-2 ISBN 978-1-137-09105-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-09105-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Elusive peace : international, regional and local dimensions of conflict
in Columbia I edited by Cristina Rojas and Judy Meltzer.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Columbia-Politics and government-1974-2. Drug
traffic-Government policy-Columbia. 3. Political violence
Columbia-History. 4. Counterinsurgency-Columbia-History.
5. Narcotics, control of-International cooperation. 6. Columbia
Relations-Foreign countries. 7. Military assistance, American
Columbia. 8. Economic assistance, American-Columbia. I. Rojas,
Cristina. II. Meltzer, Judy.
F279.E48 2004
986.106' 34-dc22 2004053372
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: January 2005
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Transferred to Digital Printing 2011
Contents
List of Contributors
Vll
List ofA bbreviations IX
Chapter 1 Elusive Peace: International, National, and
Local Dimensions of Conflict in Colombia
judy Meltzer and Cristina Rojas
Part 1 U.S. Intervention: From the "War on Drugs"
to the "War on Terror" 19
Chapter 2 Drug Trafficking, Political Violence, and U.S. Policy in
Colombia under the Clinton Administration 21
Bruce Michael Bagley
Chapter 3 Colombia: Internal War, Regional Insecurity, and
Foreign Intervention 53
juan Gabriel Tokatlian
Part 2 Ripples Through the Region 75
Chapter 4 Plan Colombia and the Andean Regional
Initiative: The Ups and Downs of a Policy 77
Alvaro Camacho Guizado
Chapter 5 Venezuela and the Colombian Conflict: Tensions,
Problems, and Uncertainties 97
Ana Maria Sanjudn
Part 3 New Perspectives on Drugs 117
Chapter 6 Winners and Losers from the Illicit Drug Industry in
Colombia 119
Albert Berry and jackeline Barragdn
vi • Contents
Chapter 7 Why a Country Produces Drugs and How
This Determines Policy Effectiveness: A General
Model and Some Applications to Colombia 153
Francisco E. Thoumi
Part 4 Cultural and Local Consequences 183
Chapter 8 Colombia's Indigenous Peoples Confront the
Armed Conflict 185
jean E. Jackson
Chapter 9 Elusive Peace, Elusive Violence: Identity and
Conflict in Colombia 209
Cristina Rojas
Appendix Center for International Policy 239
Adam Isacson
Index 251
List of Contributors
Bruce Bagley is Professor of International Studies at the University of
Miami, United States.
Jackeline Barragan is Program Coordinator at Black Creek Community
Health Centre, Toronto, Canada.
Albert Berry is Professor Emeritus of Economics and Research Director of
the program on Latin America and the Caribbean at the Centre for
International Studies at the University ofToronto, Canada.
Alvaro Camacho Guizado is the Director of the Centre for Socio Cultural
and International Studies at Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia.
Adam lsacson is Senior Associate at the Center for International Policy,
Washington D.C., United States.
Jean E. Jackson is Professor of Anthropology at the Massachusetts Institute
ofTechnology (MIT), United States.
Judy Meltzer is a Senior Analyst at the Canadian Foundation for the
Americas (FOCAL), Ottawa, Canada.
Cristina Rojas is Associate Professor at the School of International Affairs,
Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Ana Maria Sanjuan is Director of the Center for Peace and Human Rights
at the Central University of Venezuela.
Francisco Thoumi is Visiting Professor, Department of Economics,
University of El Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
Juan Gabriel Tokatlian is Professor of International Studies at the
University of San Andres, Argentina.

List of Abbreviations
Agency for International Development (AID)
Asamblea Nacional Constituyente (ANC)
Asociaci6n Nacional de Instituciones Financieras (ANIF)
Asociaci6n Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos (ANUC)
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC)
Autodefensas Unidas de Venezuela (AUV)
Autoridades Indfgenas de Colombia (AICO)
Canadian Foundation for the Americas (FOCAL)
Center for Socio-cultural and International Studies (CESO)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Centro de Investigaci6n y Educaci6n Popular (CINEP)
Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF)
Comisi6n Colombiana de Juristas (CCJ)
Comptroller General of the Republic (CGR)
Consejerfa para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento (CODHES)
Consejo Regional Indfgena del Cauca (CRIC)
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadfsticas (DANE)
Departamento Nacional de Planeaci6n (DNP)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Ejercito de Liberaci6n Nacional (ELN)
Ejercito Popular de Liberaci6n (EPL)
Fiscal Year (FY)
Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
Frente Bolivariano de Liberaci6n (FBL)
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)
General Accounting Office (GAO)
Instituto Colombiano de Reforma Agraria (IN CORA)
Internally displaced populations (IDP)
International Crisis Group (ICG)