Table Of ContentThe Elements of
Immunology
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The Elements of
Immunology
FAHIM HALIM KHAN
A L I G A R H M U S L I M U N I V E R S I T Y
Delhi • Chennai • Chandigarh
Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • London
Sydney • Singapore • Hong Kong • Toronto • Tokyo
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About the Cover
Phagocytosis of Foreign Debris by Monocyte White Blood Cell.
Blood monocyte and phagocytosis of foreign debris on a blood
ImThem Elemuennts ooflogy
vessel. Monocytes are derived from bone marrow monoblasts and
Fahim Halim Khan
promonocytes. Th ey are delivered to the blood and can enter the
tissues to develop into macrophages. Magnifi cation of 1,400. Cover
courtesy of Visuals Unlimited/Corbis.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Khan, Fahim Halim.
Th e elements of immunology/Fahim Halim Khan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-8131711583 (pbk.)
1. Immunology—Textbooks. I. Title.
QR181.K43 2009
616.07'9—dc22
2008050350
Copyright © 2009 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
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ISBN 978-81-317-1158-3
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Dedicated to
my mother
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BRIEF CONTENTS
Preface xxix
1
An Introduction to the Immune System 2
2
Cells and Organs of the Immune System 24
3
Antigens 58
4
Antibodies 70
5
Generation of Antibody Diversity 92
6
Major Histocompatibility Complex 118
7
T-cell Receptors 136
8
T-cell Development and Activation 160
9
B-cell Development and Activation 184
10
The Complement System 208
11
Antigen Presentation and Processing 228
12
Cell-mediated Immunity 246
13
Hypersensitivity 266
14
Cell Migration and Infl ammatory Response 294
15
Immune Response to Infectious Agents 314
16
Vaccines 342
17
Transplantation Immunology 360
18
Cancer and the Immune System 380
19
Primary and Secondary Immunodefi ciencies 404
20
Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases 428
Glossary 449
Index 461
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CONTENTS
PREFACE xxix
1
An Introduction to the Immune System 2
1.1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.2 THE COMPONENTS OF IMMUNITY 4
1.2.1 INNATE IMMUNITY 4
Mechanical Barriers 4
Chemical Barriers 5
Phagocytosis 6
Fever 7
Infl ammation 7
Acute-phase Proteins 9
1.2.2 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY 10
1.2.3 CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 10
B Lymphocytes 11
T Lymphocytes 11
Antigen-presenting Cells 12
Natural Killer Cells 12
Eosinophils 12
Basophils and Mast Cells 13
Mononuclear Phagocytes 13
Neutrophils 13
1.2.4 ANTIGENS AND ANTIGEN RECOGNITION 13
1.2.5 MHC AND ANTIGEN PRESENTATION 13
Processing of Endogenous Antigens 14
Processing of Exogenous Antigens 14
1.3 TYPES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE 15
1.3.1 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY 16
1.3.2 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY 17
1.4 ACTIVATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE 17
1.4.1 HUMORAL RESPONSE 17
1.4.2 SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF B CELLS AND GENERATION OF HUMORAL RESPONSE 18
1.4.3 CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE 18
1.5 IMMUNE DISORDERS 19
1.5.1 AUTOIMMUNITY 19
1.5.2 IMMUNODEFICIENCY 20
1.5.3 HYPERSENSITIVITY 20
1.6 EVOLUTION OF IMMUNITY 20
