Table Of ContentSEVENTH EDITION
Elementary Middle School
and
SO CIAL STU DIES
An Interdiscipl inary, Multicultural Approach
pamela j. farris
Northern Illinois University
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Waveland Press, Inc.
4180 IL Route 83, Suite 101
Long Grove, IL 60047-9580
(847) 634-0081
[email protected]
www.waveland.com
Photo credits: xxx 58, 84, 185, 232, 384, 404, 456, 539, 592, 598 Pamela J. Farris; 21, 30, 141, 150,
175, 178, 236, 283, 332, 336, 422, 425, 503, 551 Courtesy of Northern Illinois University;
52 Michaeljung/Shutterstock.com; 64, 228 Kurtis R. Fluck; 99 Kzenon/Shutterstock.com; 119, 465,
490 © Michael Newman/PhotoEdit; 170 racom/Shutterstock.com; 212 Alex Kosev/Shutterstock.com;
258 © Richard Hutchings/PhotoEdit; 270 auremar/Shutterstock.com; 274 Skjold Photographs;
277 Rochelle News Leader (used by permission); 322, 448 Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com;
362 © Bob Daemmrich/PhotoEdit; 365 © Ted Levin; 383 © David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit;
530 Hurst Photo/Shutterstock.com; 576 © Cindy Charles/PhotoEdit
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2007 by Pamela J. Farris
10-digit ISBN 1-4786-2280-6
13-digit ISBN 978-1-4786-2280-2
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my son, Kurtis, who shares a love of social studies
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About the Author
Pamela J. Farris is a Distinguished Teaching Professor and former Coordina-
tor of School–University Partnerships at Northern Illinois University and former
Professor of Literacy and Social Studies at Illinois State University. A former
elementary teacher, she works closely with teachers in the schools in integrating
social studies throughout the curriculum. Pam has presented throughout the United
States and Canada as well as in Europe and Australia. A prolific writer, Pam has
published over 200 articles and three other textbooks—Teaching, Bearing the Torch;
Language Arts: Process, Product, and Assessment; and Teaching Reading: A Balanced
Approach for Today’s Classrooms. Pam is the author of Presidents from the Prairie State:
Lincoln, Grant, Reagan, Obama (2013). An avid reader of biographies and historical
fiction, Pam devotes her free time to traveling with her husband and son throughout
the United States and the world.
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Contents
Preface xv
Suggestions for Social Studies Units of Study and Lesson Plans xxi
NCSS Curriculum Standards for the Social Studies xxiii
1 Social Studies and Integrated Instruction: 1
A Look at Social Studies
Introduction 2
Four Dimensions of Social Studies 2
Finding Evidence and Proof in Text 4
An Ever-Changing World 10
Common Core Content Standards 12
College, Career, and Civic Life: (C3) Framework for Social Studies State
Standards 14
Social Studies Learners 15
Interactions with Students 17
Helping to Prevent Bullying 18
Teaching Social Studies 21
The Social Sciences 22
Anthropology 22
Economics 23
Geography 23
History 24
Political Science/Civics Education 27
Sociology 27
The Six Social Sciences 28
Integrating the Social Sciences 28
Skills Needed to Become a Good Engaged Citizen 31
Building the Curriculum for Integrated Instruction and Social Studies
Integration 32
The Decision-Making Process 33
Defining the Process 33
Scope and Sequence of Study in Social Studies 34
Social Studies Instruction and Technology 35
Illustrative Examples of Integrated Social Studies Activities 37
Celebrating Lewis and Clark in an Interdisciplinary Unit 38
Chapter Summary 43
LITErATUrE rECoMMENDATIoNS For CHILDrEN AND YoUNG ADULTS 43
ADDITIoNAL CHILDrEN’S BookS ABoUT WorLD WAr II 47
TEACHING rESoUrCES 48 rELATED TECHNoLoGY TooLS 48 rEFErENCES 49
vii
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viii Contents
2 Social Studies and Integrated Instruction: 53
A Look at Interdisciplinary Instruction
Introduction 53
Interdisciplinary Instruction 54
Traditional versus Interdisciplinary Instruction: Philosophical and
Psychological Underpinnings 55
Structuring the Classroom 55
Essential Elements of Literacy Learning 57
Listening 57
Speaking 61
reading 61
Writing 63
Viewing 63
Visually representing 64
Goals of Interdisciplinary Instruction 64
Teaching the Way Students Learn 65
Encouraging Decision Making 65
Creating Engaged Citizens 65
Interdisciplinary Instruction and the Social Studies 68
Technology’s role in Interdisciplinary Instruction 68
Building a Social Studies Curriculum 72
Applying Interdisciplinary Instructional Principles to Classroom Activities 72
Chapter Summary 80
LITErATUrE rECoMMENDATIoNS For CHILDrEN AND YoUNG ADULTS 80
ADDITIoNAL BookS ABoUT THE rEVoLUTIoNArY WAr 81
rELATED TECHNoLoGY TooLS 82 rEFErENCES 82 TEACHEr MATErIALS 83
3 Classroom Assessment in Social Studies 85
Introduction 86
Classroom Assessment in Social Studies 87
Assessment versus Evaluation 88
Formative and Summative Evaluations 89
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences 92
Assessing Higher-Level Thinking Skills 96
Benchmarks 97
Methods of Assessment 98
Giving Feedback 99
Assessment Tools 100
Paper-and-Pencil Tests 101
Technology and Assessment 101
Alternative Assessment 101
rubrics 102
Portfolio Assessment 105
Projects 108
Self-Assessment 109
Manipulatives 111
Differentiated Instruction Assessment and Grading for Striving
Students and ELLs 112
Chapter Summary 112
rELATED TECHNoLoGY TooLS 115 rEFErENCES 116
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Contents ix
4 Multicultural and Bilingual Education: 119
Making the Connections in Social Studies
Introduction 120
Multicultural Unit of Study 123
Phase one: Bombardment of Experiences 124
Phase Two: Focusing through Guided and Individualized reading 129
Phase Three: Point of View 131
Phase Four: Creating a Character 133
Phase Five: Becoming an Ally 135
Extension: The Multicultural Community 136
Cultural Awareness 139
The Complex Diversity within the Asian and Pacific
American Communities 140
Understanding Mexican Culture 141
Personal observation of the Mexican American Community 143
Understanding Middle Eastern Cultures 145
Understanding African Cultures 148
English Language Learners in the Social Studies Classroom 149
Cultural Sensitivity through Interdisciplinary Teaching Strategies 151
Facilitating Access to Social Studies for English Language Learners 154
Inquiry Strategies for ELLs 155
Technology in a Multicultural Society 157
Chapter Summary 159
LITErATUrE rECoMMENDATIoNS For CHILDrEN AND YoUNG ADULTS 160
TEACHING rESoUrCES 166 rELATED TECHNoLoGY TooLS 166 rEFErENCES 167
5 Social Studies for All Learners 171
Introduction 172
A Look at Gifted Learners 175
Suggested Classroom Strategies 176
A Look at Students with Learning Disabilities 177
response to Intervention (rtI) and Social Studies 179
Specific Teaching Strategies 180
A Look at Students with other Educational Challenges 182
The Visually Impaired Learner 182
The Hearing Impaired Learner 182
The Learner with an Attention Deficit Disorder 183
Assistive Technology for Students 183
A Case for Children’s Literature 184
Travels Back through Time 189
The Civil War 189
Native Americans 192
Technology in the Social Studies Classroom 195
Chapter Summary 199
LITErATUrE rECoMMENDATIoNS For CHILDrEN AND YoUNG ADULTS 200
rELATED TECHNoLoGY TooLS 206
TECHNoLoGY rESoUrCES For TEACHErS 207 rEFErENCES 208
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