Electromagnetic Compatibility in Power Systems (Elsevier Series in Electromagnetism)

323 Pages·2006·4.144 MB·English

by  Francesco Lattarulo

Electromagnetic Compatibility in
Power Systems

Electromagnetic Compatibility in
Power Systems
Edited by
Francesco Lattarulo
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
1 A Combined Electrostatic–ElectrodynamicApproach
to Lightning Pre-Stroke Phenomena and Related
EMC Problems 1
1.1 PreliminaryRemarks 1
1.2 ThundercloudElectrostaticModelling 3
1.3 ElectricFieldatthePlane 5
1.4 On-AxisElectricField 10
1.5 Pre-StrokeElectrostatics 12
1.6 Pre-StrokeElectrodynamics 19
1.7 ConcludingRemarks 22
AppendixA 24
A.1 On-groundfield 27
A.2 On-axisfield(belowthecellbottom) 28
AppendixB 28
AppendixC 32
C.1 Space-charge-freeelectrostaticsolution 32
C.2 Space-charge-freeelectrodynamicsolution 33
C.3 E-fieldsolutionincludingcorona 34
AppendixD 37
References 40
vii
viii Contents
2 A ReasonedApproach to Lightning Electromagnetics
and Coupling to Nearby Power Transmission Lines 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 RemarksonthePre-StrokeandStroke-in-ProgressPhases 46
2.2.1 Coronaactivity 46
2.2.2 Surgecurrentvelocity 48
2.2.3 Earthperformances 49
2.3 AntennaModel 50
2.4 Discussion 53
2.5 Return-StrokeCurrent 57
2.6 InducedVoltageonaNearbyLine 60
2.6.1 Actualexcitationfield 60
2.6.2 Couplingtoanearbyline 62
2.6.3 Exampleofapplicationanddiscussion 66
2.7 ConcludingRemarks 69
AppendixA 73
AppendixB 74
References 76
3 Effects of Geomagnetic Storms on Long Distance
AC Transmission Systems 79
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 SystemRepresentation 80
3.2.1 Powertransformerandautotransformer
representation 81
3.2.2 StaticVARcompensatorrepresentation 83
3.3 CoordinatedCompensationStrategy 84
3.4 TestResults 87
3.5 Conclusions 90
References 90
4 Evaluation of theAC Interferences between
Transmission Lines and Metallic Underground
Structures 93
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 SystemRepresentation 97
4.3 TestResults 102
4.4 Conclusions 107
References 107
Contents ix
5 The Crucial Case of Quasistatic Magnetic Field
Penetration into Metallic Enclosures:
An Unexplored Model 109
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 UnloadedShortAperture 113
5.2.1 Preliminaryremarks 113
5.2.2 Concentratedmagneticfluxpenetration 114
5.2.3 Distributedmagneticfieldpenetration 114
5.3 LoadedShortApertureandPerforatedSheet 120
AppendixA 124
Fluxlinkingashortellipticaperture 124
AppendixB 127
Resistanceandinductanceofanellipticaperture
whenresultingunfilled,orfilledbya
continuoussheet 127
AppendixC 129
Fluxpenetrationintoanapertureblockedby
asheetofdifferentmaterial 129
AppendixD 130
Someremarksonthenotionoffluxlinkage
appliedtoahole 130
References 131
6 DiakopticApproach to EMC Problems Involving
the Human Body 133
6.1 Introduction 133
6.2 DiakopticApproachAppliedtoELFElectricField
ExposureofHB 135
6.2.1 Evaluationofequivalentcapacitancestoearth 135
6.2.2 Effectiveelectrostaticheightsandevaluation
ofthejunctioncurrents 140
6.2.3 Earthedpersonontheplane 141
6.2.4 Personsuspendedabovetheearth 145
6.3 ImprovedHBModelforESDApplications 146
6.3.1 Preliminaryremarks 146
6.3.2 EvaluationoftheserialparametersR andL 147
i i
6.3.3 Transientanalysis 149
6.3.4 Contactdischargemode 153
6.3.5 Airdischargemode 159
6.4 Conclusions 160
AppendixA 161
Sphereaboveaplane 161
References 162