Table Of ContentElectroless Nickel Plating
Electroless Nickel Plating
Fundamentals to Applications
Edited by
Fabienne Delaunois
Véronique Vitry
Luiza Bonin
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-60580-0 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or here-
after invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................ix
Editors .......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii
List of Acronyms .....................................................................................................xv
Introduction ............................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Chemistry of Electroless Plating .......................................................1
Mustafa Urgen
Chapter 2 Activation, Initiation, and Growth of Electroless Nickel Coatings .....31
Esteban Correa, Alejandro Alberto Zuleta Gil,
CRC Press Juan G. Castaño, and Félix Echeverría
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Chapter 3 Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Deposits .........................................87
© 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Suman Kalyan Das and Prasanta Sahoo
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Chapter 4A Electroless Nickel-Boron—Part A: As-Plated Electroless
Printed on acid-free paper Nickel-Boron .................................................................................173
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-60580-0 (Hardback) Fabienne Delaunois
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
Chapter 4B Electroless Nickel-Boron—Part B: Posttreatments for
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize Electroless Nickel-Boron ...............................................................223
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Véronique Vitry and Luiza Bonin
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or here- Chapter 5 The Effect of Ultrasound on Electroless Plating of Nickel ...........263
after invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Shakiela Begum and Andrew J. Cobley
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Chapter 6 Polyalloyed Electroless Nickel Plating..........................................303
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the Véronique Vitry and Luiza Bonin
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
Chapter 7 Electroless Nickel-Based Multilayers ...........................................331
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at Asier Salicio-Paz and Eva García-Lecina
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Electroless Composite Coatings .......................................................359
Sudagar Jothi, R. Muraliraja, T. R. Tamilarasan, Sanjith
Udayakumar, and A. Selvakumar
Chapter 9 Applications of Electroless Nickel and Practical Aspects ................411
Luiza Bonin and Véronique Vitry
Index ......................................................................................................................425
Foreword
I am delighted to write a foreword for this book entitled Electroless Nickel Plating:
Fundamentals to Applications, edited by Prof. Véronique Vitry, Prof. Fabienne
Delaunois, and Dr. Luiza Bonin, with contributions from many eminent research-
ers in this field. Electroless plating has emerged significantly since its accidental
discovery in 1946 by Brenner and Riddell. During the past three decades, there has
been intense research activity in this field. Bringing out a book on electroless plat-
ing now is timely and essential, as the earlier books on this topic date back to 1991.
This book consists of nine chapters, with a good blend of fundamental aspects of
electroless plating and its recent developments. The coverage of topics is compre-
hensive and it ranges from the chemistry of electroless plating, the green chemistry
approaches in developing suitable formulations and the characteristics of electroless
Ni-P and Ni-B coatings with special emphasis on corrosion resistance and tribologi-
cal behavior. All the chapters are integrated well. The inclusion chapters on modified
electroless nickel coatings, which consists of electroless Ni-P and Ni-B composite
coatings, poly-alloy, multilayer, and graded coatings, is one of the highlights of this
book. Presentation of a chapter on the emerging applications of electroless plating
is unique and interesting. The contributors of this book have done a wonderful job
in bringing out this book. I congratulate Prof. Véronique Vitry and other eminent
contributors for their valiant effort in compiling a useful reference material. I foresee
that this book shall be a valuable addition in university libraries worldwide and as a
reference book for researchers in surface engineering.
T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Ulsan, Republic of Korea
vii
Acknowledgments
This book was born as one of those crazy ideas that are usually put to the side, but
this one did not accept to be forgotten and when we finally decided to go for it, none
of us expected to enter in such an adventure and to bring it to fruition only a handful
of months after Dr. Bonin’s graduation.
There are many people who have made this possible and who we’d like to thank.
• The metallurgy lab at UMONS that has dealt with three very busy ladies
during last 2 years.
• UMONS and the FNRS for the travel grant that allowed Prof. Vitry time to
finalize this book.
• The University of Coventry, and mostly its Functional Materials Research
Group, that has not only hosted Prof. Vitry but also provided help and moral
support through the last rush. Shakiela, Andrew, and the others, thanks
for all.
• The University of Gent, where Dr. Bonin continues her career, for allowing
her to continue writing this book.
• All our friends who have helped us to alleviate stress during the last months
of the writing process.
• Last, but not least, our families who have had to live with this book for the
last year, and mostly Leonardo, who is not only Dr. Bonin’s husband but
also her chief copy-editor, as well as Jonas and Sonia, who have accepted to
see their mother go away for weeks without complaint.
ix
