Electrochemical Dictionary

993 Pages·2012·19.53 MB·English

by  Prof. Dr. Allen J. Bard

Electrochemical Dictionary

Allen J. Bard György Inzelt Fritz Scholz
• (cid:129)
(Eds.)
Electrochemical
Dictionary
2nd, Revised and Extended Edition
With583Figuresand20Tables
123
Editors
Prof.Dr.AllenJ.Bard Prof.Dr.GyörgyInzelt
DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry DepartmentofPhysicalChemistry
CollegeofNaturalSciences EötvösLorandUniversity
UniversityofTexas,Austin Budapest
Austin,TX Hungary
USA
Prof.Dr.FritzScholz
Inst.Biochemie
UniversitätGreifswald
Greifswald
Germany
ISBN978-3-642-29550-8 ISBN978-3-642-29551-5(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-29551-5
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012945766
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2008,2012
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Preface to the Second Edition
The 1st edition of the “Electrochemical Dictionary” has received a very
positive,evenenthusiastic,resonance.Itisoneofthemostsuccessfule-books
ofSpringer.
Thesecondeditionofthe“ElectrochemicalDictionary”providesaconsid-
erablyextendedcoverageofterms,especiallyinthefieldsofelectrochemical
energyconversionandbioelectricity.Somenewauthorsjoinedtheproject,so
thattheirnumberisnow100.
All entries of the first edition were carefully revised, and references
updated.IncaseofthejournalAnnalenderPhysik whichispublishedsince
1799, and which was published and referenced under various names, e.g.,
WiedemannsAnnalen,PoggendorfsAnnalen,etc., we havenowadoptedthe
numbering and referencing (Ann Phys) as used by its current publisher,
and in online libraries. This will greatly facilitate finding references to that
journal,inwhichpeoplelikeEinstein,Planckandmanyothershavepublished
groundbreakingpapers.
We hopethatthe2nd editionofthe “ElectrochemicalDictionary”willbe
againrecognisedasahelpfultoolinreadingandunderstandingelectrochem-
istrytextsandpapers.
Finally, we like to thankDr. SteffenPauly (Springer,Heidelberg)for his
continuoussupportandencouragement.
Austin,Budapest,andGreifswald AllenJ.Bard,GyörgyInzelt,
July2012 andFritzScholz
v

Preface to the First Edition
Scienceneedslanguage,notonlyforcommunicationamongpeople,butwe
allneedlanguageforthinking,forconstructingmodels,forformingourideas.
Clear-cuttermsthatareacceptedandunderstoodbythescientificcommunity
arethebasisofscientificlanguage.Thegoalofthis“ElectrochemicalDictio-
nary” is to providea reference manual where the reader of electrochemical
literaturecanquicklyfindshortexplanationsofscientificterms.Fundamental
definitions are very important, especially the recommendations of IUPAC,
which were a primary source, where available. In many cases intensive
discussionamongtheeditorsandexpertauthorsresultedinthedefinitionsthat
canbefoundinthisbook.Itisourhopethatthedefinitionsoftermsproposed
herein will be accepted and used in the future by the scientific community.
This dictionary includes not only the most frequently used terms, but also
some that may be obsolete and even those whose use is discouraged. We
intendthe dictionaryto be encyclopedicin coverageofterms, butrelatively
brief and clear in the individual entries. The goal to be encyclopedic in
covering“all”termsisimpossibletofulfill,partlybecausescienceisquickly
developingwithnewtermsarisingalmostdaily,partlybecauseitispractically
impossible not to forget some. We hope that upcoming editions will close
thesegaps.Theeditorshavedecidedtoalsoincludebriefbiographicentries
of peoplewho havecontributedto thedevelopmentof electrochemistryand
havesincepassedaway.Severalofthemwerenotelectrochemists,andtheir
contributions were mainly in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology,
but are also important in electrochemical research. Similarly, we include
some entries about key techniques or materials that might be important in
electrochemistry,althoughnotdirectlyinthisfield.
The authors and editors will be pleased if the “Electrochemical Dic-
tionary” stands on the shelf of all those who read electrochemical papers
and books, and if these readers will find it useful as a quick and reliable
informationsource.Almostallentriesarecarefullyreferencedtoenablethe
user to quickly locate the best primary sources. Of course, the authors and
editorswouldappreciateanycommentsandsuggestionsforimprovement.
vii
viii PrefacetotheFirstEdition
We wouldlike to thankDr. Heike KahlertandDr. BirgitMeyerfortheir
meticulouscheckingofliteraturereferencesandthecross-referencingamong
the entries of the dictionary. We are equally thankful to Peter W. Enders
(Springer,Heidelberg)forhiscontinuoussupportandpatience.
Austin,Budapest,andGreifswald AllenJ.Bard,GyörgyInzelt,
March2008 andFritzScholz
List of Contributors
Prof.Dr.LuisaM.Abrantes LMA Prof.Dr.AllenJ.Bard AJB
DepartamentodeQuímicaeBioquímica Hackerman/WelchRegentsChair
FCUL Director,CenterofElectrochemistry
CampoGrande UniversityofTexasatAustin
1749-016Lisboa ChemistryandBiochemistry
Portugal 1UniversityStationA5300
[email protected] Austin,TX78712
USA
NirAmir NA
[email protected]
Bar-IlanUniversity
DepartmentofChemistry
Dr.FriedrichG.K.Baucke FB
52900Ramat-Gan
Kaiserstr.36(505)
Israel
55116Mainz
[email protected]
Germany
Prof.Dr.KoichiAoki KA [email protected]
FukuiUniversity
DepartmentofAppliedPhysics Dr.StephanBlock SB
9-1,Bunkyo3-chome ZIKHIKE-ZentrumfürInnovationskompetenz
Fukui-shi910 “HumoralImmuneReactionsin
Japan CardiovascularDiseases”
[email protected] Fleischmannstr.42-44
17489Greifswald
Prof.Dr.DoronAurbach DA
Germany
Bar-IlanUniversity
[email protected]
DepartmentofChemistry
52900Ramat-Gan
Prof.Dr.JohanBobacka JB
Israel
ÅboAkademiUniversity
[email protected]
ProcessChemistryCentre
Prof.Dr.MaximilianoBárcenaSoto MBS LaboratoryofAnalyticalChemistry
DepartamentodeQuímica Biskopsgatan8
CUCEI 20500,Åbo-Turku
UniversidaddeGuadalajara Finland
44420Guadalajara,Jalisco johan.bobacka@abo.fi
Mexiko
[email protected]
ix
x ListofContributors
Prof.Dr.AlanM.Bond AMB Dr.LourdesE.Echegoyen LEE
MonashUniversity ClemsonUniversity
DepartmentofChemistry ChemistryDepartment
ClaytonVIC3168 483HunterLaboratories
Australia Clemson,SC29634-0973
[email protected] USA
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.AndreasBund AB
TechnischeUniversitätIlmenau Prof.Dr.LuisEchegoyen LE
Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Information- ClemsonUniversity
stechnik ChemistryDepartment
FachgebietElektrochemieundGalvanotechnikII 483HunterLaboratories
Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse6(Arrheniusbau) Clemson,SC29634-0973
98693Ilmenau USA
Germany [email protected]
[email protected]
HilaEshel HE
Dr.OritChasid OC Bar-IlanUniversity
Bar-IlanInstituteofNanotechnology DepartmentofChemistry
&AdvancedMaterials 52900Ramat-Gan
52900Ramat-Gan Israel
Israel [email protected]
[email protected]
Prof.Dr.StephenW.Feldberg SWF
Dr.JorgeCorreia JC BrookhavenNationalLaboratory
DepartamentodeQuímicaeBioquímica ChemistryDepartment
FaculdadedeCiências P.O.Box5000
UniversidadedeLisboa Upton,NY11973-5000
BlocoC8,CampoGrande USA
1749-016Lisboa [email protected]
Portugal
Dr.AdrianFisher AF
[email protected]
CentreforResearchinElectrochemical
Dr.RudolfDölling RD ScienceTechnology
BankElektronik—IntelligentControlsGmbH DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
GiessenerStr.60 NewMuseumsSite
35415Pohlheim PembrokeStreet
Germany Cambridge
[email protected] CB23RA
UK
Dr.habil.MikołajDonten MD
[email protected]
UniversityofWarsaw
DepartmentofChemistry
Pasteura1
02-093Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]