Electric/Hybrid Electric Airplanes

32 Pages·2016·8.87 MB·English

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
A NASA PERSPECTIVE ON ELECTRIC PROPULSION
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMERCIAL AVIATION
Nateri Madavan
and
James Heidmann,, Cheryl Bowman, Peter Kascak
Amy Jankovsky, and Ralph Jansen
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
NASA Advanced Air Vehicles Program
Workshop on Technology Roadmap for Large Electric Machines
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
April 5-6, 2016
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1
Background
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 2
NASA Aeronautics Vision for the 21st Century
TRANSFORMATIVE
A revolution
in
sustainable
global air
mobility
On Demand Fast
SUSTAINABLE
Low Carbon
Intelligent
GLOBAL
Safety, NextGen
Efficiency, Environment
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 3
Aviation’s Grand Challenge
By 2050, substantially reduce emissions of carbon and oxides of
nitrogen and contain objectionable noise within the airport boundary
t
n
e
s
m
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o e
i v
s
o
s
r
mi p
m
E
I
Additional Technology Advancement
2 h
O
and Low Carbon Fuels t
C Carbon overlap i
W
Carbon neutral growth
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 4
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Explore and Develop Technologies and Concepts for
Improved Energy Efficiency and Environmental Compatibility for
Fixed Wing Subsonic Transports
§ Early stage exploration and initial development of game-changing
technologies and concepts
§ Commercial focus, but dual use with military
§ Gen N+3 time horizon
§ Research aligned with two NASA Aeronautics strategic R&T thrusts
§ Research vision guided by vehicle performance metrics developed for
reducing noise, emissions, and fuel burn
Evolution of Subsonic Transports
Transports
DC-3 B-707 B-787
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advance1d 9A0ir 3Vehicles Program 1930s 1950s 2000s 5
Fuel Consumption by Aircraft Size Class
40% of fuel use is in 150-210 pax large single aisle class
87% of fuel use is in small single-aisle and larger classes ( >100 pax)
13% of fuel use is in regional jet and turboprop classes
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Analysis based on FAA US operations data provided by Holger Pfaender of Georgia Tech
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 6
Hybrid-electric propulsion for commercial aviation
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 7
The Case for Hybrid Electric Propulsion
• Lower emissions, lower noise, better energy conservation, and more
reliable systems
• Considerable success in development of “all-electric” light GA aircraft
and UAVs
• Advanced concept studies commissioned by NASA for the N+3/N+4
generation have identified promising aircraft and propulsion systems
• Industry roadmaps acknowledge need to shift to electric technologies
• Creative ideas and technology advances needed to exploit full potential
• NASA can help accelerate key technologies in collaboration with other
government agencies, industry, and academia
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 8
Four Cardinal Electric Propulsion Architectures
All Electric Turboelectric
Motor
Battery
Turboshaft
Motor(s) Electric Bus
Electric Bus
Distributed
Fans
Generator
Fuel
1 to Many
Fans Motor
Parallel Hybrid Series Hybrid
Motor
Electric Bus Turbofan Turboshaft
Electric Bus
Distributed
Fans
Generator
Motor
Battery Fuel
Fan Battery Motor
Fuel
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 9
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Enables Wide Range of
Configuration Options
Boundary Layer Ingestion: Allows Wing Tip Propulsors: Allows
propulsion systems to energize boundary energization of wing tip vortices without
layers without distorted flow entering penalty of small turbomachinery
turbine core
Common Technology
Requirement: Increased
efficiency and specific power in
electric drive systems, thermal
management systems, power
extraction, and/or energy
storage
Lower Carbon Designs: Reduce
Distributed Propulsion: Allows
combustion-based propulsive power
effective increase in fan by-pass ratio
(and emissions) using electric motors
through distributed propulsors
and/or on-board “clean” energy storage
Advanced Air Transport Technology Project
Advanced Air Vehicles Program 10