Table Of ContentEISENHOWER REPUBLICANISM
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Pursuing the Middle wav
Steven Wagner
Fffi
NORTHERN
ILLINOIS
UN IVERS ITY
PRESS
DeKalb
Q 2006 by Northern Illinois University Press
Published by the Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
Manufactured in the United States using acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wagner, Steven (Steven T.)
Eisenhower Republicanism : pursuing the middle way/ Steven Wagner.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-87580-362-3 (clothbound : alk. paper)
ISBN-IO: 0-87580-362-8 (clothbound : alk. paper)
1. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969-Political and social views.
2. United States-Politics and government-1953-1961. 3. Republican Party
(U.S.: 1854-)-History-20th century. I. Title.
E836.W34 2006
973.921--<lc22
2006001576
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Abbreviations ix
Introduction 3
1 A Floor over the Pit of Personal Disaster 7
2 Giving Labor an Equal Voice 27
3 A Program for All Farmers and for All America 43
4 Civil Rights, States' Rights, and Federal Responsibilities 64
5 Republican Internationalism 88
6 The Politics of Modern Republicanism 114
1 An Echo or a Choice? 133
Conclusion 145
Notes 149
Works Cited 171
Index 175
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Acknowledgments
The successful completion of this book would not have
been possible without the help and support of many individuals and institu
tions. The following list includes only a few of those to whom I owe a debt of
gratitude. The history department at Purdue University provided financial
and professional support for the early stages of this project. Purdue historians
Patrick Hearden, Michael Morrison, Randy Roberts, and Donald Parman read
early versions of the manuscript and offered valuable suggestions. I am grate
ful to the Purdue Research Foundation for two summer research grants
Archival research was facilitated by the generous support of the Eisenhowe1
World Affairs Institute in Washington, D.C.-for research at the Eisenhower
Presidential Library (DDEL) in Abilene, Kansas, and the Rockefeller Archive
Center (RAC) in Sleepy Hollow, New York. The helpful and dedicated
archivists there, particularly Thomas Branigar (DDEL) and Harold Oakhill
(RAC), made my research more productive. My colleagues in the social sci
ence department at Missouri Southern State University, particularly Robert
Markman who read a portion of the manuscript, created a supportive envi
ronment that made my work on the final stages of this project much easier.
The students in my Modem America course at Missouri Southern, by serving
as a sounding board for my material on the "middle way," also made a valu
able contribution. Melody Herr, my editor at Northern Illinois University
Press, was very supportive of this project and offered timely encouragement.
Her suggestions, along with those of the anonymous readers she commis
sioned, have greatly strengthened this book.
A project like this is not possible without the support of friends and family.
I especially want to thank my parents, Paul and Donna Wagner, and my friend
Matt Loayza for providing that support. Finally, I would like to thank my wife,
Angela Firkus. A fellow scholar, her involvement went beyond that of wife and
friend; she read every word of the manuscript, discussed it with me at every
stage, and offered invaluable suggestions for improvement. All of those men
tioned above, arid many others, have made important contributions to this
book. Any shortcomings that remain are mine alone.
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Abbreviations
ACW Diary Ann C. Whitman Diary Series, DOE Papers as
President, DDEL
ADA Americans for Democratic Action
AFL American Federation of Labor
AIA Aid to Impacted Areas
AMA American Medical Association
CBS Columbia Broadcasting System
CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations
CUOHROC Columbia University Oral History Research Office
Collection
DOE Dwight D. Eisenhower
DDE Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers as President of the
Papers as President United States, 1953-1961
DDE Dwight D. Eisenhower Postpresidential Papers,
Postpresidential 1961-1969
Papers
DDE Dwight D. Eisenhower Records as President, White
Records as President House Central Files, 1953-1961
DDEL Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas
DLF Development Loan Fund
FSA Federal Security Agency
GATI General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GPO Government Printing Office
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I Abbreviations
HEW Health, Education, and Welfare (in the notes, HEW
refers to the Health, Education, and Welfare, Record
Group 4, Nelson A. Rockefeller Personal, Rockefeller
Archive Center, North Tarrytown, New York)
HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee
IDAB International Development Advisory Board
IMF International Monetary Fund
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
NAM National Association of Manufacturers
NAR Nelson A. Rockefeller
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NDEA National Defense Education Act
NLRB National Labor Relations Board
NSF National Science Foundation
OAA Old-Age Assistance
OASI Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
PACGO President's Advisory Committee on Government
Organization
PL Public Law
PPP Public Papers of the Presidents; Containing the Public
Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President
(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1958--1961)
RAC Rockefeller Archive Center, North Tarrytown, New York
REAC Reorganization Advisory Committee, Washington,
D.C., files, RG4, NAR Personal, RAC
RG Record Group
RRPL Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
RTAA Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934
SAP Special Assistant to the President, Washington,
D.C., files, RG4, NAR Personal, RAC
SCGO Special Committee on Government Organization
UN United Nations
World Bank International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
EISENHOWER REPUBLICANISM
