Eicosanoids, Apolipoproteins, Lipoprotein Particles, and Atherosclerosis

344 Pages·1989·10.446 MB·English

by  Salvador Moncada (auth.), Claude L. Malmendier, Petar Alaupovic (eds.)

EICOSANOIDS,
APOLIPOPROTEINS,
LIPOPROTEIN
PARTICLES, AND
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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EICOSANOIDS, APOLIPOPROTEINS, LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES,
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Edited by Claude L. Malmendier and Petar Alaupovic
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EICOSANOIDS,
APOLIPOPROTEINS,
LIPOPROTEIN
PARTICLES, AND
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Edited hy
Claude L. Malmendier
Research Foundation on Atherosclerosis
and The Free University of Brussels
Brussels, Belgium
and
Petar Alaupovic
Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis Research Program
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Colloquium on Eicosanoids, Apolipoproteins, Lipoprotein Particles, and
Atherosclerosis (4th: 1988: Brussels, Belgium)
Eicosanoids, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein particles, and atherosclerosis I edited by
Claude L. Malmendier and Petar Alaupovic.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 243)
p. cm.
"Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium on Eicosanoids, Apolipo
proteins, Lipoprotein Particles, and Atherosclerosis, held March 17-19, 1988, in
Brussels, Belgium"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Atherosclerosis - Pathogenesis - Congresses. 2. Eicosanoic acid - Derivatives
Congresses. 3. Apolipoproteins-Congresses. 4. Blood lipoproteins-Congresses. I.
Malmendier, Claude L. II. Alaupovic, Petar. III. Title. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Apolipoproteins-congresses. 2. Arteriosclerosis-congresses. 3. Eico
sanoic Acids -congresses. 4. Lipoproteins - congresses. WG 550 I6035e 1988)
RX692.I4675 1988
616.1'36071-dc19
DNLM/DLC 88-28929
for Library of Congress CIP
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8055-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-0733-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0733-4
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1988
Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium on
Eicosanoids, Apolipoproteins, Lipoprotein Particles, and
Atherosclerosis, held March 17-19, 1988, in Brussels, Belgium
© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
Plasma lipoproteins constitute a unique macromolecular system of
lipid-protein complexes responsible for the transport of lipids from their
sites of origin to their sites of utilization either as metabolic fuel or as
structural components of cell membranes. Although studies on the role of
lipoproteins in the mechanism of lipid transport are meritorious in their
own right, the ever-increasing interest in chemical and functional
properties of this remarkable class of conjugated proteins stems from the
impressive evidence of their direct involvement in the genesis and develop
ment of atherosclerotic lesions. The initial emphasis on neutral lipids
and phospholipids as the most characteristic constituents of operationally
defined lipoprotein classes has shifted in recent years to their protein
moieties or apolipoproteins. The discovery of a number of apolipoproteins
and characterization of familial hypolipoproteinemias as apolipoprotein
deficiency disorders indicated that apolipoproteins play an essential role
in maintaining the structural stability and integrity of lipoprotein
particles. In addition to their role in the formation of lipoproteins,
apolipoproteins were shown to perform a variety of functions in metabolic
conversion of lipoproteins and their interactions with cellular surfaces.
Results from several laboratories have demonstrated that the chemical and
metabolic heterogeneity of operationally-defined lipoprotein classes is due
to the presence of several discrete lipoprotein particles with similar
physical properties but different and characteristic apolipoprotein
composition. Thus, the apolipoproteins have emerged not only as essential
structural and functional constituents of lipoproteins but also as unique
chemical markers for identifying and classifying lipoprotein particles.
The crowning achievement of this "apolipoprotein phase" of lipoprotein
research has been the elucidation of the primary structure of almost all
recognized apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein B.
These developments, providing new information on the role of
apolipoproteins in normal and impaired lipid transport processes and
atherogenesis were presented and discussed expertly by the participants of
the Fourth International Colloquium on Eicosanoids, Apolipoproteins,
Lipoprotein Particles and Atherosclerosis held at the University of
Brussels, Belgium, under the sponsorship of the "Fondation de Recherche sur
l'AthAroscIArose".
The opening topic of this volume was devoted to recent advances in
studies on the interactions between lipoproteins and eicosanoids and their
significance in atherogenic processes. The next major topics included
genetic disorders of lipid transport and their effect on coronary artery
disease, new findings on primary, secondary and tertiary structures of
apolipoproteins and lipoproteins, and the structure, genetics and potential
function of serum amyloid A protein in lipid transport. Another timely
v
topic covered the structure and role of lipid transfer proteins in
modulating lipid composition and metabolic fate of lipoprotein particles.
The topic on apolipoprotein defined lipoprotein particles presented
preliminary evidence for the chemical and functional specificities of
discrete ApoA- and ApoB-containing lipoproteins. The closing topic was
devoted to the chemical and metabolic abnormalities of lipoproteins in
hypertriglyceridemic states.
We hope this volume will be of interest to all investigators in the
area of lipoprotein and atherosclerosis research as a useful review of
recent accomplishments and a stimulating guide for future studies.
P. Alaupovic
C.L. Malmendier
CONTENTS
EICOSANOIDS
Prostacyclin, EDRF and Atherosclerosis............................... 1
S. Moncada
Control of Prostacyclin Production by Vascular Cells: Role of
Adenine Nucleotides and Serotonin.............................. 13
J.M. Boeynaems, D. Demolle, S. Pirotton, E. Raspe,
M. Lecomte, A. Hepburn, A. Van Coevorden, and C. Erneux
Prostacyclin and Atherosclerosis - Experimental and
Clinical Approaches............................................ 21
R.J. Gryglewski, E. Kostka-Trabka, A. Dernbi~ska-Kie6,
and R. Korbut
Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions in the Eicosanoid Pathway........... 31
A.J. Marcus, L.B. Safier, H.L. Ullman, N. Islam,
M.J. Broekman, J.R. Falck, S. Fischer, and
C. von Schacky
Arterial Cell Interactions: Mechanistic Studies Related to
Eicosanoid and Growth Factor-Induced Alterations in
Cholesterol Metabolism......................................... 37
D.P. Hajjar, A.J. Marcus, K.B. Pomerantz, and K.A. Hajjar
Effects of Plasma Lipoproteins on Eicosanoid Metabolism by
Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.......................... 47
J. Larrue
Eicosanoid Synthesis in Platelet-Derived Growth
Factor-Stimulated Fibroblasts.................................. 55
A.J.R. Habenicht, P. Salbach, and M. Goerig
GENETICS OF APOLIPOPROTEINS
Genetic HDL Deficiency States........................................ 61
J.M. Ordovas, D.C. King, and E.J. Schaefer
Apolipoprotein A-I: Deficiency in Tangier Disease.................... 67
M-F. Dumon, M. Clerc, and M. Clerc
Apo1ipoprotein C-II Deficiencies: In Vivo Models for
Assessing the Significance of Defective Lipolysis
on Lipoprotein Metabolism...................................... 75
W.C. Breckenridge
Genetic Variation in the Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III.............. 81
R.E. Ferrell, M.I. Kamboh, B.S. Sepehrnia,
L.L. Adams-Campbell, and K.M. Weiss
The Effect of Apolipoprotein E Allele Substitutions on
Plasma Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels......................... 87
L.M. Havekes, P. de Knijff, M. Smit, and R.R. Frants
Molecular Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease......................... 95
D.J. Galton
STRUCTURE OF APOLIPOPROTEINS AND LIPOPROTEINS
Molecular Biology of Human Apolipoprotein B
and Related Diseases........................................... 107
V.I. Zannis, M.M. Hussain, M. Hadzopoulou-Cladaras,
A. Kouvatsi, D. Kardassis, and C. Cladaras
Secondary and Tertiary Structure of Apolipoproteins.................. 123
M.T. Walsh, J.A. Hamilton, D. Atkinson, and D.M. Small
Prediction of the Tertiary Structure of Apolipoprotein A-II
by Computer Modeling........................................... 133
J-L. De Coen, C. Delcroix, J-F. Lontie, C.L. Malmendier
Relationship between Structure and Metabolism of HDL
Apolipoproteins: Study with Synthetic Peptides.................. 139
G. Ponsin
Heterogeneity in the Conformation of Apo A-Ion the Surface
of HDL Particles............................................... 149
M. Ayrault-Jarrier, E. Bekaert, E. Petit, D. Pastier,
J. Polonovski, B. Pau, F. Paolucci, E. Hervaud,
and M. Laprade
Structural Properties of the Heparin-Binding Domains
of Human Apolipoprotein E...................................... 157
A.D. Cardin, and R.L. Jackson
Characterization and Metabolism of Glycated High Density
Lipoproteins in Diabetic Patients.............................. 165
C. Calvo, B-Y. Luo, F. Puygranier, G. Ponsin,
and F. Berthezene
Control of Spontaneous Lipid and Protein Transport................... 173
H.J. Pownall
Modifications in the Chemical Composition and Thermometric
Behavior of LDL and HDL by Probucol in Type IIa
Hyper 1 ipoproteinemia. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179
C. Dachet, C. Motta, D. Neufcour, and B. Jacotot
ACUTE PHASE APOLIPOPROTEINS
Serum Amyloid A (SAA) - The Precursor of Protein AA
in Secondary Amyloidosis....................................... 185
G. Husby, A. Husebekk, B. Skogen, K. Sletten,
G. Marhaug, J. Magnus, and V. Syversen
viii
Modulation of Serum Amyloid A Gene Expression by
Cytokines and Bacterial Cell Wall Components................... 193
J.D. Sipe, M.A. Johns, P. Ghezzi, and G. Knapschaefer
Protein Sand SAA : Genetics, Structure and Metabolism.
Are They Apolipoproteins and Identical?....................... 203
C.L. Malmendier and J-F. Lontie
LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS
Plasma Cholesteryl Ester and Phospholipid Transfer
Proteins and Their Regulation.................................. 213
J.J. Albers, J.H. Tollefson, R.A. Faust, and T. Nishide
The Human Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein:
Structure, Function and Physiology............................. 219
C.J. Fielding
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein. Characterization of
Monoclonal Antibodies against the Human Antigen................ 225
Y.L. Marcel, R.W. Milne, P.K. Weech, H. Czarnecka,
C.B. Hesler, and A.R. Tall
Cholesterol Esterification and Net Mass Transfer of
Cholesterylesters and Triglycerides in Plasma from
Healthy Subjects and Hyperlipidemic Coronary Heart
Disease Patients............................................... 231
A. Van Tol, L.M. Scheek, and J.E.M. Groener
Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Its Action
on Different Substrates........................................ 239
G. Knipping, A. Birchbauer, E. Steyrer, and G.M. Kostner
In Vivo Evidence for Cholesterol Ester and Triglyceride
Exchange between High Density Lipoprotein and Infused
Triglyceride Rich Particles in Abetalipoproteinemia............ 247
D.W. Erkelens and R.P.F. Dullaart
Enhanced Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Activity in
Cyclophosphamide-Treated Rabbits: Relationship
with Lipolytic Enzymes......................................... 255
N. Dousset, A.M. Julia, H. Chap, and L. Douste-Blazy
Role of Apolipoprotein A IV in the Interconversion
of HDL Subclasses.............................................. 263
P.Gambert, L. Lagrost, A. Athias, S. Bastiras,
and C. Lallemant
LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES
HDL Receptor and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
in Adipose Cells............................................... 271
R. Barbaras, P. Puchois, P. Grimaldi, A. Barkia,
J-C. Fruchart, and G. Ailhaud
Molecular Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoprotein Particles
in Adequately Controlled Type I Diabetes Mellitus.............. 279
C. Fievet, L. Mejean, P. Drouin, and J-C. Fruchart
ix
Quantitative Abnormalities of Lipoprotein Particles in
Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.................................. 283
H.J. Parra, C. Cachera, K. Equagoo, M. Dracon,
J-C. Fruchart, and A. Tacquet
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
Lipoprotein Particles in Hypertriglyceridemic States................. 289
P. Alaupovic, M. Tavella, J.M. Bard, C.S. Wang,
P.O. Attman, E. Koren, C. Corder, C. Knight-Gibson,
and D. Downs
In Vivo Metabolism of Apolipoproteins C-II and C-III
in Normal and Hypertriglyceridemic Subjects.................... 299
C.L. Malmendier, J-F. Lontie, D. Dubois, C. Delcroix,
T. Magot, and L. De Roy
Pathogenesis of Hypertriglyceridemia: Implications for
Coronary Heart Disease and Therapy............................. 311
G.L. Vega and S.M. Grundy
Increased VLDL....................................................... 327
M.J. Halpern and M.F. Mesquita
Exchange and Transfer of Apolipoproteins and Lipids:
Impact on Lipoprotein Metabolism............................... 333
G.M. Kostner, K. Schaupp, and G. Stvarnik
Hypertriglyceridemia and Omega-3 Fatty Acids......................... 339
H.U. Kloer and C. Luley
Contributors......................................................... 347
Index................................................................ 357
x