Efforts to Improve the Detection and Management of Ambrosia - ARS

48 Pages·2010·5.27 MB·English

Efforts to Improve the Detection and
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Nurseries
Chris Ranger Michael Reding Jason Oliver Peter Schultz
UUSSDDAA-AARRSS UUSSDDAA-AARRSS TTennessee SSttatte UUniiv. VViirgiiniia TTechh.
Wooster, OH Wooster, OH McMinnville, TN Virginia Beach, VA
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USDA-ARS Cornell Univ. USDA-ARS USDA-ARS
Ithaca, NY Ithaca, NY Wooster, OH Wooster, OH
An Emerging Pest Management Challenge Facing
the Industry
• Ambrosia beetles
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Curculionidae
Subfamily: Scolytinae
Tribe: Xyleborini
GGenus: XXyllosanddrus
• Extensive economic loss, but not well
ddeffiinedd
• Wood-boring behavior, thus difficult to
detect and control
Black Stem Borer
Xylosandrus germanus
• Introduced from Japan or east Asia
-First reported in NY (1932)
•• NNoorrtthheeaasstteerrnn, SSoouutthheeaasstteerrnn,
Midwestern, Southern, and ♀
Northwestern US
Granulate Ambrosia Beetle
XXyllosanddrus crassiiuscullus
• Introduced from southern Asia
-First reported in SC (1974)
• Northeastern, Southeastern, ♀
Midwestern, Southern, and
Northwestern US, plus Hawaii
2.0mm
Hosts for X. germanus and X. crassiusculus
• >200 hosts worldwide; deciduous trees preferred
-- AAppppllee, CChheerrrryy, CChheessttnnuutt, DDooggwwoooodd, HHyyddrraannggeeaa, GGoollddeenn RRaaiinnttrreeee,
Lilac, Magnolia, Maple, Peach, Pear, Redbud, Styrax, Weeping
Mulberry, Yellowwood
•
Typically pests of stressed or dying trees
• ,
But examples of attacks on “apparently healthy” trees too
- “Apparently healthy” to whom?
Cryptic Tunneling Behavior of Ambrosia Beetles
~2 mm diam.
~~11 mmmm ddiiaamm.
X. ggermanus
XX.. ccrraassssiiuussccuulluuss
Frass Toothpicks = Symptom of an Infestation
Cornus Magnolia virginiana
Sap Production = Symptom of an Infestation
Cornus Styrax Styrax
Gallery Formation
X. germanus gallery X. germanus
in Magnolia virginiana larvae and pupae
Ambrosia Beetle Fungal Symbionts
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH
X. germanus
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH
• Symbiotic fungi maintained
iin pouchh ((ii.e., mycangiia))
• Larvae and adults feed on fungi,
nott hhostt ttree
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH
• Ambrosiella species
associated with X. germanus
Terminal dieback, basal sprouts = symptoms of an infestation
Magnolia virginiana