Effects and Mechanism of Acupuncture Based on the - Hindawi

118 Pages·2013·26.23 MB·English

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Effects and Mechanism of
Acupuncture Based on
the Principle of Meridians
Guest Editors: Wei-Bo Zhang, Andrew Wu, Gerhard Litscher, and Younbyoung Chae
Effects and Mechanism of Acupuncture Based
on the Principle of Meridians
Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine
Effects and Mechanism of Acupuncture Based
on the Principle of Meridians
GuestEditors:Wei-BoZhang,AndrewWu,GerhardLitscher,
and Younbyoung Chae
Copyright©2013HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticles
distributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninany
medium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
MahmoodAbdulla,Malaysia Jen-HweyChiu,Taiwan Ching-LiangHsieh,Taiwan
JonAdams,Australia WilliamC.S.Cho,HongKong JingHu,China
ZurainiAhmad,Malaysia JaeYoulCho,Korea GanSiewHua,Malaysia
UlyssesAlbuquerque,Brazil Seung-HunCho,RepublicofKorea Sheng-TengHuang,Taiwan
GianniAllais,Italy CheeYanChoo,Malaysia BennyTanKwongHuat,Singapore
TerjeAlraek,Norway RyowonChoue,RepublicofKorea RomanHuber,Germany
SoulimanAmrani,Morocco Shuang-EnChuang,Taiwan AngeloAntonioIzzo,Italy
AkshayAnand,India Joo-HoChung,RepublicofKorea KongJ.,USA
ShrikantAnant,USA EdwinL.Cooper,USA SureshJadhav,India
ManuelArroyo-Morales,Spain GregoryD.Cramer,USA KanokwanJarukamjorn,Thailand
SyedAsdaq,SaudiArabia MengCui,China YongJiang,China
SeddighehAsgary,Iran RobertoCuman,Brazil ZhengL.Jiang,China
HyunsuBae,RepublicofKorea VincenzoDeFeo,Italy StefanieJoos,Germany
LijunBai,China Roc´ıoVa´zquez,Spain SirajudeenK.N.S.,Malaysia
SandipK.Bandyopadhyay,India MartinDescarreaux,USA Z.Kain,USA
SarangBani,India AlexandraDeters,Germany OsamuKanauchi,Japan
VassyaBankova,Bulgaria SivaDurairajan,HongKong WenyiKang,China
WinfriedBanzer,Germany MohamedEddouks,Morocco DaeGillKang,RepublicofKorea
VernonA.Barnes,USA ThomasEfferth,Germany Shao-HsuanKao,Taiwan
SamraBashir,Pakistan TobiasEsch,Germany KrishnaKaphle,Nepal
JairoKenuppBastos,Brazil SaeedEsmaeili-Mahani,Iran KenjiKawakita,Japan
SujitBasu,USA NianpingFeng,China JongYeolKim,RepublicofKorea
DavidBaxter,NewZealand YibinFeng,HongKong Cheorl-HoKim,RepublicofKorea
Andre-MichaelBeer,Germany JosueFernandez-Carnero,Spain YounChulKim,RepublicofKorea
AlvinJ.Beitz,USA JulianoFerreira,Brazil YoshiyukiKimura,Japan
YongBoo,RepublicofKorea FabioFirenzuoli,Italy JoshuaK.Ko,China
FrancescaBorrelli,Italy PeterFisher,UK ToshiakiKogure,Japan
GloriaBrusotti,Italy W.F.Fong,HongKong NandakumarKrishnadas,India
IshfaqA.Bukhari,Pakistan RomainForestier,France YiuWaKwan,HongKong
ArndtBu¨ssing,Germany JoelJ.Gagnier,Canada KuangChiLai,Taiwan
RainerW.Bussmann,USA Jian-LiGao,China ChingLan,Taiwan
RaffaeleCapasso,Italy GabinoGarrido,Chile AlfredLa¨ngler,Germany
OpherCaspi,Israel MuhammadGhayur,Pakistan LixingLao,HongKong
HanChae,Korea AnwarulHassanGilani,Pakistan ClaraBik-SanLau,HongKong
Shun-WanChan,HongKong MichaelGoldstein,USA Jang-HernLee,RepublicofKorea
Il-MooChang,RepublicofKorea MahabirP.Gupta,Panama TatleangLee,Singapore
RajnishChaturvedi,India MitchellHaas,USA MyeongS.Lee,UK
ChunTaoChe,USA SveinHaavik,Norway ChristianLehmann,Canada
HubiaoChen,HongKong AbidHamid,India MarcoLeonti,Italy
Jian-GuoChen,China N.Hanazaki,Brazil Ping-ChungLeung,HongKong
KevinChen,USA K.B.Harikumar,India LawrenceLeung,Canada
Tzeng-JiChen,Taiwan CoryS.Harris,Canada KwokNamLeung,HongKong
YunfeiChen,China ThierryHennebelle,France PingLi,China
Juei-TangCheng,Taiwan Seung-HeonHong,Korea MinLi,China
EvanPaulCherniack,USA MarkusHorneber,Germany ManLi,China
ChunGuangLi,Australia AndreaPieroni,Italy MeiTian,China
Xiu-MinLi,USA RichardPietras,USA EvelinTiralongo,Australia
ShaoLi,China WarisQidwai,Pakistan S.C.Tjen-A-Looi,USA
YongHongLiao,China XianqinQu,Australia MichaThlTomczyk,Poland
SabinaLim,Korea CassandraL.Quave,USA YaoTong,HongKong
Bi-FongLin,Taiwan RojaRahimi,Iran K.V.Trinh,Canada
WenChuanLin,China KhalidRahman,UK KarlWah-KeungTsim,HongKong
ChristopherG.Lis,USA CheppailRamachandran,USA VolkanTugcu,Turkey
GerhardLitscher,Austria GamalRamadan,Egypt Yew-MinTzeng,Taiwan
KeLiu,China KeRen,USA DawnM.Upchurch,USA
I-MinLiu,Taiwan ManHeeRhee,RepublicofKorea MarynaVandeVenter,SouthAfrica
GaofengLiu,China Mee-RaRhyu,RepublicofKorea SandyvanVuuren,SouthAfrica
YijunLiu,USA Jose´LuisR´ıos,Spain AlfredoVannacci,Italy
Cun-ZhiLiu,China PaoloRobertidiSarsina,Italy ManiVasudevan,Malaysia
GailB.Mahady,USA BasharSaad,PalestinianAuthority CarloVentura,Italy
JurajMajtan,Slovakia SumairaSahreen,Pakistan WagnerVilegas,Brazil
SubhashC.Mandal,India OmarSaid,Israel PradeepVisen,Canada
JeanineMarnewick,SouthAfrica LuisA.Salazar-Olivo,Mexico AristoVojdani,USA
VirginiaS.Martino,Argentina Mohd.ZakiSalleh,Malaysia Y.Wang,USA
JamesH.McAuley,Australia AndreasSandner-Kiesling,Austria Shu-MingWang,USA
KarinMeissner,USA AdairSantos,Brazil ChenchenWang,USA
AndreasMichalsen,Germany G.Schmeda-Hirschmann,Chile Chong-ZhiWang,USA
DavidMischoulon,USA AndrewScholey,Australia KenjiWatanabe,Japan
SyamMohan,Malaysia VeroniqueSeidel,UK JintanapornWattanathorn,Thailand
J.Molnar,Hungary SenthamilR.Selvan,USA WolfgangWeidenhammer,Germany
Vale´rioMonteiro-Neto,Brazil TuhinadriSen,India JennyM.Wilkinson,Australia
H.-I.Moon,RepublicofKorea HongcaiShang,China DarrenWilliams,RepublicofKorea
AlbertMoraska,USA KarenJ.Sherman,USA HarukiYamada,Japan
MarkMoss,UK RonaldSherman,USA NobuoYamaguchi,Japan
YoshiharuMotoo,Japan KuniyoshiShimizu,Japan Yong-QingYang,China
FraukeMusial,Germany KanShimpo,Japan JunqingYang,China
MinKyunNa,RepublicofKorea Byung-CheulShin,Korea LingYang,China
RichardL.Nahin,USA YukihiroShoyama,Japan EunJinYang,RepublicofKorea
VitalyNapadow,USA ChangGueSon,Korea XiufenYang,China
F.R.F.Nascimento,Brazil RachidSoulimani,France KenYasukawa,Japan
S.Nayak,TrinidadAndTobago DidierStien,France MinH.Ye,China
IsabellaNeri,Italy Shan-YuSu,Taiwan M.Yoon,RepublicofKorea
Te´lesphoreNguelefack,Cameroon MohdRoslanSulaiman,Malaysia JieYu,China
MartinOffenbacher,Germany VenilN.Sumantran,India Jin-LanZhang,China
Ki-WanOh,RepublicofKorea JohnR.S.Tabuti,Uganda ZunjianZhang,China
Y.Ohta,Japan TokuTakahashi,USA Wei-boZhang,China
OlumayokunA.Olajide,UK RabihTalhouk,Lebanon HongQ.Zhang,HongKong
ThomasOstermann,Germany Wen-FuTang,China BoliZhang,China
StaceyA.Page,Canada YupingTang,China RuixinZhang,USA
Tai-LongPan,Taiwan LayKekTeh,Malaysia HongZhang,Sweden
BhushanPatwardhan,India MayankThakur,India HaiboZhu,China
BeritSmestadPaulsen,Norway MenakaC.Thounaojam,India
Contents
EffectsandMechanismofAcupunctureBasedonthePrincipleofMeridians,Wei-BoZhang,
AndrewWu,GerhardLitscher,andYounbyoungChae
Volume2013,ArticleID684027,2pages
ObservationonPainReleasebyLong-RoundNeedleTherapyinKneeOsteoarthritisRelatedwith
Meridian-SinewsTheory,Yuan-shiLiu,Li-gongXue,Xiao-jianMa,andChun-shanLiu
Volume2013,ArticleID781289,4pages
InductionofHyperalgesiainPigsthroughBlockingLowHydraulicResistanceChannelsandReduction
oftheResistancethroughAcupuncture:AMechanismofActionofAcupuncture,Wei-BoZhang,
Yi-HuiXu,Yu-YingTian,HongLi,Guang-JunWang,TaoHuang,andShu-YongJia
Volume2013,ArticleID654645,9pages
ComparisonofAcupunctureEffectonBloodPerfusionbetweenNeedlingNonacupointonMeridian
andNeedlingNonacupointoffMeridian,Wei-BoZhang,Ling-LingWang,Heng-HuiXie,HongLi,
andYu-YingTian
Volume2013,ArticleID426052,6pages
NetworkAnalysisofAcupuncturePointsUsedintheTreatmentofLowBackPain,Soon-HoLee,
Chang-EopKim,In-SeonLee,Won-MoJung,Hong-GeeKim,HyunchulJang,Sang-JeongKim,
HyejungLee,Hi-JoonPark,andYounbyoungChae
Volume2013,ArticleID402180,7pages
PathologicalChangesinInternalOrgansafterBlockingLowHydraulicResistanceChannelsalong
theStomachMeridianinPigs,Wen-TingZhou,Shu-YongJia,Yu-QingZhang,Yu-YingTian,
Guang-JunWang,TaoHuang,LiPang,Yong-ShengZhou,Xue-YanSun,andWei-BoZhang
Volume2013,ArticleID935687,12pages
StudyontheDynamicCompoundStructureComposedofMastCells,BloodVessels,andNervesinRat
Acupoint,LuoMingfu,DongXiaotong,SongXiaojing,JiangJin,ZhannJinling,andHanYing
Volume2013,ArticleID160651,4pages
TheImpactsofAlong-ChannelAcupunctureontheProteinExpressionsoftheChlorideChannelof
theRatswithMyocardialIschemia,Ze-DongCheng,Chun-RiLi,Xiao-JiaoShao,Pei-JingRong,
Xiao-QingZhang,Fan-RongLiang,YuanLi,andYi-GuoChen
Volume2013,ArticleID321067,6pages
EvaluatingMeridian-SinewReleaseTherapyfortheTreatmentofKneeOsteoarthritis,SongWei,
Zhi-HuangChen,Wei-FengSun,Geng-PengZhang,Xiao-HaoLi,Chun-FuHou,Liu-DanLu,andLuZhang
Volume2013,ArticleID182528,9pages
AcupunctureActivatesERK-CREBPathwayinRatsExposedtoChronicUnpredictableMildStress,
JunLu,JiaLiang,Jun-RenWang,LiHu,YaTu,andJian-YouGuo
Volume2013,ArticleID469765,7pages
VisualizationoftheMeridianSystemBasedonBiomedicalInformationaboutAcupunctureTreatment,
In-SeonLee,Soon-HoLee,Song-YiKim,HyejungLee,Hi-JoonPark,andYounbyoungChae
Volume2013,ArticleID872142,5pages
SimpleAcupointsPrescriptionFlowChartBasedonMeridianTheory:ARetrospectiveStudyin102
Dogs,Jong-HoJeong,Joo-YoungSong,Hyo-GwonJo,Ji-MinKim,Samuel-S.Yoon,ChulPark,
SeunghyunKim,Seong-SooRoh,BongHyoLee,ChaeHaYang,andHeeYoungKim
Volume2013,ArticleID129315,13pages
EffectofSiguanAcupunctureonGastrointestinalMotility:ARandomized,Sham-Controlled,
CrossoverTrial,Kyung-MinShin,Ji-EunPark,SanghunLee,Sun-MiChoi,Yo-ChanAhn,Jin-WooLee,
Jin-HeeKim,andChang-GueSon
Volume2013,ArticleID918392,7pages
ElectroacupunctureatZusanli(ST36)PreventsIntestinalBarrierandRemoteOrganDysfunction
followingGutIschemiathroughActivatingtheCholinergicAnti-Inflammatory-Dependent
Mechanism,SenHu,Ming-HuaDu,Hong-MinLuo,HuanWang,YiLv,LiMa,Zhi-LongLin,XianShi,
IngridGaischek,LuWang,andGerhardLitscher
Volume2013,ArticleID592127,10pages
AcupressureattheMeridianAcupointXiyangguan(GB33)InfluencesNear-InfraredSpectroscopic
Parameters(RegionalOxygenSaturation)inDeeperTissueoftheKneeinHealthyVolunteers,
GerhardLitscher,MichaelOfner,WeiHe,LuWang,andIngridGaischek
Volume2013,ArticleID370341,5pages
TheInfluenceofZusanliandNonmeridianAcupuncturePointsontheSurvivalRateandIntestinal
TissueFeaturesafterFatalHemorrhagicShockinRats,XianShi,YuxianZhong,JiaruiYao,SenHu,
LuWang,andGerhardLitscher
Volume2013,ArticleID750620,4pages
HindawiPublishingCorporation
Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
Volume2013,ArticleID684027,2pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/684027
Editorial
Effects and Mechanism of Acupuncture Based on
the Principle of Meridians
Wei-BoZhang,1AndrewWu,2GerhardLitscher,3andYounbyoungChae4
1ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing100700,China
2FiveBranchesUniversity,SanJose,CA95128,USA
3StronachResearchUnitforComplementaryandIntegrativeLaserMedicine,ResearchUnitofBiomedicalEngineeringin
AnesthesiaandIntensiveCareMedicine,TCMResearchCenter,MedicalUniversityofGraz,8036Graz,Austria
4AcupunctureandMeridianScienceResearchCenter,CollegeofKoreanMedicine,KyungHeeUniversity,Seoul,RepublicofKorea
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoWei-BoZhang;[email protected]
Received8October2013;Accepted8October2013
Copyright©2013Wei-BoZhangetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
This special issue concernsacupunctureeffects related with of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment in their
meridians. Out of the 34 submitted papers, 15 papers were study that was entitled “Network analysis of acupuncture
accepted to be published (acceptance rate of 44.1%). Of pointsusedinthetreatmentoflowbackpain.”I.-S.Leeetal.
the 15 papers, five papers focused on the clinical effects summarized37clinicalstudiesonthetreatmentoflowback
related to meridians. In a study by J.-H. Jeong et al., a painandfoundthatthemostfrequentlyusedacupointswere
simple acupoint flowchart based after meridian theory was BL23 (51%), BL25 (43%), BL24 (32%), BL40 (32%), BL60
used to direct the acupuncture treatment on 102 dogs with (32%), GB30 (32%), BL26 (28%), BL32 (28%), and GB34
variousdiseases,andgoodcurativeeffectswereachievedin (21%).Avisualizedmeridianchartwasdrawnbasedonthe
their study that was entitled “Simple acupoints prescription datatounderstandtheoriginofmeridiansintheirstudythat
flowchart based on meridian theory: a retrospective study in was entitled “Visualization of the meridian system based on
102 dogs.” Two papers reported on meridian-sinew therapy biomedicalinformationaboutacupuncturetreatment”.Allof
for knee osteoarthritis. S. Wei et al. observed better results fivepapersconfirmedtheimportanceofmeridiantheoryin
in 90 cases using meridian-sinew release, as compared to clinicalacupuncture.
normal acupuncture and drug treatments, in their study The second group of papers focused on various effects
thatwasentitled“Evaluatingmeridian-sinewreleasetherapy of acupuncture when stimulating acupoints and meridians.
for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.” In an RCT study, W.-B.Zhangetal.foundanincreaseofbloodperfusionwhen
Y.-S.Liuetal.compared97patientstreatedwithlong-round needling a point on a meridian but not on an acupoint,
needle therapy to 95 control patients treated with drugs as compared to needling a point off meridian but at an
andfoundabettereffectfromlong-roundneedletreatment acupointlevel,whichprovedtheancienttheorythatmissing
both immediately after the treatment and at the 3-month a point is less important than missing a meridian in their
followup. The effect mechanism was analyzed according to studythatwasentitled“Comparisonofacupunctureeffecton
the relationship between the meridian sinew and the fluid blood perfusion between needling nonacupoint on meridian
meridian channels in their study that was entitled “Obser- and needling nonacupoint off meridian.” Gerhard Litscher
vation on pain release by long-round needle therapy in knee etal.foundthat,whenacupressingXiyangguan(GB33),the
osteoarthritisrelatedwithmeridian-sinewstheory.”S.-H.Lee regionaloxygensaturationatthedeeperkneetissueincreased
etal.performedanetworkanalysisoftheacupuncturepoints significantly while no considerable change occurred in the
used in treating low back pain in which modified mutual opposite control area, implying a meridian-related effect in
informationvalue was calculated to illustrate the technique their study that was entitled “Acupressure at the meridian
2 Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
acupointxiyangguan(GB33)influencesnear-infraredspectro- EAcanimpactinternalorgansatspecificmeridian/acupoint
scopicparameters(regionaloxygensaturation)indeepertissue sitesintheirstudythatwasentitled“Theinfluenceofzusanli
ofthekneeinhealthyvolunteers.” andnonmeridianacupuncturepointsonthesurvivalrateand
Fourpapersfocusedonthemechanismofacupuncture. intestinaltissuefeaturesafterfatalhemorrhagicshockinrats.”
W.-B. Zhang et al. studied the mechanism of acupuncture K.-M.Shinetal.studiedtheeffectofacupuncturingSiguan
in channel dredging. A channel blockage model was made (bilateralLI4andLR3)ongastrointestinalmotilityinhealthy
by injecting gel into a low hydraulic resistance channel people after administering mosapride citrate. They found
(LHRC)inminipigsresultinginhyperalgesia.Acupuncture thatacupuncturingSiguancansignificantlyreduceincreased
wasappliedtoreducethehydraulicresistanceintheLHRC, gastrointestinal motility, as compared to sham acupuncture
whichverifiedtheancientmeridiantheorythatacupuncture intheirstudythatwasentitled“Effectofsiguanacupuncture
candredgeachanneltorelievepainintheirstudythatwas on gastrointestinal motility: a randomized, sham-controlled,
entitled“Inductionofhyperalgesiainpigsthroughblockinglow crossovertrial.”
hydraulic resistance channels and reduction of the resistance Inthisspecialissue,wehaveprovidedanoverviewofthe
throughacupuncture:amechanismofactionofacupuncture.” majorityofstudiesrelatedtotheeffectsandmechanismsof
Z.-D.Chengetal.observedtheimpactofacupuncturealong acupuncturebasedonprincipalmeridians.
meridians on the protein expression of chloride channels
Wei-BoZhang
in myocardial ischemia rats in their study that was entitled
AndrewWu
“The impacts of along-channel acupuncture on the protein
GerhardLitscher
expressionsofthechloridechanneloftheratswithmyocardial
YounbyoungChae
ischemia.” J. Lu et al. reported that acupuncturing Baihui
(Du20) and Neiguan (PC6) can increase the ratio of p-
ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 and the ratio of p-CREB to CREB at
thehippocampusandprefrontalcortexinratswithchronic
unpredictable mild stress in their study that was entitled
“Acupuncture activates ERK-CREB pathway in rats exposed
to chronic unpredictable mild stress.” Both studies imply
that acupuncture may also influence protein expression.
M.-F.Luoetal.observedthatrecruitmentandmigrationof
mastcellsalongbloodvesselsandnervestoformacompound
structureatacupointsitesafterelectroacupuncture(EA)were
applied, implying that a dynamic compound structure may
play an important role in the effect of acupuncture in their
study that was entitled “Study on the dynamic compound
structurecomposed ofmast cells, bloodvessels, and nervesin
ratacupoint.”
Therelationshipbetweenmeridiansandinternalorgans
was addressed in four papers. W.-T. Zhou et al. developed
a channel stasis model in minipigs by injecting gel into
LHRC of the stomach meridian and found a distension of
stomach and intestine after one or two months while no
changewasobservedincontrolpigsthatwereinjectedwith
salineintheirstudythatwasentitled“Pathologicalchangesin
Internalorgansafterblockinglowhydraulicresistancechannels
along the stomach meridian in pigs.” S. Hu et al. developed
an intestinal barrier injury by ischemic reperfusion. EA
was applied at ST36 and nonmeridian points in various
conditions. EA at ST36 attenuated the systemic inflam-
matory response and remote organ injury by protection
of the intestinal barrier under the condition of an intact
vagusnerveandcholinergicsystemsignificantlybetterthan
acupuncturing at nonmeridian points in their study that
was entitled “Electroacupuncture at zusanli (ST36) prevents
intestinalbarrierandremoteorgandysfunctionfollowinggut
ischemiathroughactivatingthecholinergicanti-inflammatory-
dependentmechanism.”X.Shietal.alsostudiedtheimpact
of acupuncture at ST36 and nonmeridian points on rats
afterafatalhemorrhagicshock.TheyfoundthatEAatST36
significantlyimprovedthebloodpressureandincreasedthe
earlysurvivalrate,ascomparedtoEAatnonmeridianpoints.