effectiveness of reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among students in selected nursing ...

117 Pages·2013·1.43 MB·English

EFFECTIVENESS OF REFLEXOLOGY ON PREMENSTRUAL
SYNDROME AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED
NURSING COLLEGES, MANGALORE

By
JISSY JACOB
Dissertation submitted to
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka

In partial fulfilment
of the requirement for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING

Under the guidance of
Mrs. R. NALINI
Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacological Nursing
Sahyadri College of Nursing
Sahyadri Campus, Adyar,
Mangalore-575007

2013

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that this dissertation/thesis entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF
REFLEXOLOGY ON PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG STUDENTS IN
SELECTED NURSING COLLEGES, MANGALORE” is a bonafide and genuine
research work carried out by me under the guidance of Mrs. R. NALINI, Head of the
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Sahyadri College of Nursing,
Mangalore.

Date: Signature of the Candidate

Place: Mangalore JISSY JACOB

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CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF
REFLEXOLOGY ON PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG STUDENTS IN
SELECTED NURSING COLLEGES, MANGALORE” is a bonafide research work done
by Ms. JISSY JACOB in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of
Science in Nursing (Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing).

Date: Signature of the Guide
Place: Mangalore
Mrs. R. NALINI
Head of Department,
Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing
Sahyadri College of Nursing,
Adyar, Mangalore-575007

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ENDORSEMENT BY THE HOD, PRINCIPAL/
HEAD OF THE INSTITUTION

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF
REFLEXOLOGY ON PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG STUDENTS IN
SELECTED NURSING COLLEGES, MANGALORE” is a bonafide research work done
by MS. JISSY JACOB, under the guidance of Mrs. R. NALINI , Head of the Department
of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Sahyadri College of Nursing, Mangalore.

Seal and Signature of the HOD Seal and Signature of the Principal

Mrs. R. NALINI Prof. (Mrs.) IRENE VEIGAS

Date: Date:
Place: Mangalore Place: Mangalore

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COPYRIGHT

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, shall
have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation/thesis in print or electronic
format for academic/research purpose.

Date: Signature of the Candidate
Place: Mangalore
Ms. Jissy Jacob

©Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Lord, you are my God;
I will honour you and praise your name.
You have done amazing things;
You have faithfully carried out
The plans you made long ago.
(Isaiah 25:1)

With profound joy and gratitude, the investigator acknowledges the help of those who
have been involved in the successful completion of this endeavour.
First of all, I praise and thank the Lord Almighty for His abundant blessings
showered upon me to complete this venture. His felt presence gave me strength to
successfully completed this study.
I owe a great deal of thanks to Mr. Manjunath Bhandary , Chairman of Bhandary
Foundation for providing me an opportunity to pursue my post graduation in nursing in
this esteemed institution.
My deep gratitude to Prof. (Mrs.) Irene Veigas, Principal, Sahyadri College of
Nursing for her support, encouragement, prayerful blessing, and also for giving permission
to conduct my study.
The present study has been undertaken under the expert guidance, support and
encouragement of my guide Mrs. R.Nalini, HOD, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecological Nursing. I express my sincere gratitude to her for the inspiring guidance,
valuable suggestions, advice and timely support, and constant encouragement which made
the study a successful one.
My heart fills with gratitude towards Mrs. Neetha Kamath, PG Coordinator, for her
keen interest, valuable suggestions, constant directions, and ongoing sincere support.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. Maria Vijetha D’Souza and Mrs. Shanthi Renita Moras,
Lectures of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing department for their timely help,
guidance and suggestions.
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My heart fills with gratitude towards Mrs. Ganavathi K.M, Former HOD, Obstetrics
and Gynaecological Nursing Department, for her keen interest, whole hearted inspiration
and encouragement.

My sincere thanks to the teaching faculty of Sahyadri College of Nursing
Prof (Mr.) Raja A., Mr. Manish Kumar, Mrs. Swetha R., Mr. Shajan, Mrs. Leena
Castelino, Mrs.Smitha Mathew,and Mr. Jomon C.U, for their valuable suggestions and
sincere support.
My sincere thanks to former teaching faculty of Sahyadri College of Nursing
Mr.shivakumar and Mrs. Tisvy Thomas for their valuable suggestion.

I am deeply obliged to the authorities of Sahyadri College of Nursing, Indira
College of Nursing and Athena College of Nursing, where the study was conducted for
granting permission and extending their full co-operation, help, and support in carrying out
this research.
My heartfelt thanks to Dr. Rajesh Padekal, Cheif Consultant, Pranav Yoga
Centre,Ujjodi for training me in reflexology.
I am thankful to Mrs. Sucharita Suresh, Statistician, Father Mullers Institute of
Health Sciences for her expert guidance in the statistical analysis procedures.
I extend my special heartfelt thanks to all the experts who have contributed their
valuable time and suggestions in validating the tool and for their judgment, constructive
criticism and enlightening suggestions.
I am extremely thankful to the library staff and office staff of Sahyadri College of
Nursing, and RGUHS Library, Bangalore.
A word of thanks to Mr.Roshan Patrao for his enthusiastic and sincere effort in
technical support.
I express my sincere thanks to Ms. Marie Fernandes, who edited my manuscript
meticulously.
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I express my sincere appreciation and thanks to all the participants for their whole
hearted participation and cooperation in the study. Without them it would have been
impossible to complete the study.
My sincere thanks to all my colleagues and my friends especially Leena Annie
Mathew, Sherin K Varghese, Mily Thomas, and Neha Maria Joy whose constant support,
concern and assistance made this a pleasant learning experience and to my well wishers
those who have contributed to the success of the study.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my beloved parents
Mr. T.D. Jacob and Mrs. Thresiamma Thomas and my brother Mr. Jisson Jacob for their
love, encouragement and constant moral support throughout my study.
I owe my most heartfelt gratitude to my best friends, Deepthi Annie Domninic and
Lakshmi R Nair, for their constant support and encouragement in carrying out the research.
I dedicate this fruitful work to my beloved parents Mr. T.D. Jacob and
Mrs. Thresiamma Thomas who are the source of inspiration for me in my educational
career and my life.
My sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly helped me in
the successful completion of this dissertation.

With heartfelt gratitude and prayers,

Date:
Place: Mangalore Ms. Jissy Jacob

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ABSTRACT
Background of the study:
The Adolescence is the period of stress and storm; it is the unique phase of human
developments. Most girls attain menarche between 10 to 13 years of age. Premenstrual
syndrome is most prevalent among adolescents. One of the common queries of those
suffering from premenstrual syndrome is if there is a remedy of getting rid of this most
prevailing menstrual disorder. Although, there is no therapeutic cure for premenstrual
syndrome, the good news is that there are significant new advancements in understanding and
managing it, through the means of improvement in the quality of life, like alternative therpies
such as reflexology, yoga, acupressure etc. Though there is no doubt that women suffer from
premenstrual syndrome they endure the discomfort and pain in silence and complain only to
family and friends because they don’t realize that anything can be done to help them. The aim
of the study was to determine the effectiveness of reflexology on premenstrual syndrome
among students in selected nursing colleges, Mangalore.
Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to:
• assess the pre-test and post test premenstrual syndrome score among students in the
experimental and control group.
• determine the effectiveness of reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among students.
• find an association between pre-test level of premenstrual syndrome and selected
demographic variables among students.

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Methods:
A quantitative research approach with non equivalent control group pre-test post test
design (quasi experimental) was used for this study. The conceptual frame work used in this
study was Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Model (1981). Thirty students who had moderate
and severe premenstrual syndrome were selected by purposive sampling technique (fifteen
students in the experimental group and fifteen students in the control group).Reflexology is
given to experimental group students on the fourth day of their menstruation and continued
for 24 days twice daily. There was no treatment given for the control group. Data was
collected by using demographic proforma and premenstrual syndrome rating scale. The data
was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results:
The study result showed that administration of reflexology is effective in reducing
premenstrual syndrome. In order to find out the effectiveness of reflexology on the
experimental group paired‘t’ test was used. The result showed that the intervention proved
effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome. There was a significant difference in the post
test premenstrual syndrome score between experimental and control group
Paired’t’ test was used for computing the effectiveness of reflexology on premenstrual
syndrome in the experimental group. The mean post test score (5.67(cid:3399)2.79) of premenstrual
syndrome was lower than the pre test score (28.33(cid:3399)5.34) of premenstrual syndrome. The
computed‘t’ value (‘t’=16.20) was higher than the table value (t = 1.76; p<0.05). This
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indicated that reflexology is effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome.
Independent‘t’ test was used to determine the effectiveness of post test premenstrual
syndrome score in the experimental and the control group. The computed‘t’ value was
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