Effective Regional Development in Developing Countries through Artisan Craft Promotion

176 Pages·2005·2.93 MB·English

Effective Regional Development in Developing
Countries through Artisan Craft Promotion

July 2005

Naoto Suzuki
Abstract

The dissertation on “Effective Regional Development in Developing Countries
through Artisan Craft Promotion” intends to provide the decision makers of developing
countries and program officers of donor agencies with guidelines and reference case studies
in the formulation and evaluation of artisan-craft-promotion-based regional development
projects. The dissertation consists of eight chapters. Starting with the research
background, purpose, and scope of research, it identifies and reviews the envisaged problems
and development objectives and issues, analyzes the development strategies, and investigates
the various factors of project formulation. It presents the following case studies as
references: (1) Survey on Minority Tribes’ Traditional Crafts, Viet Nam; (2) Fact Finding on
Traditional Textile and Wood Crafts, Lao PDR; (3) Regional Development in Mishima,
Fukushima Prefecture and Asuke, Aichi Prefecture; (4) Pre-investment Study on
Establishing a Traditional Craft Village, Viet Nam; (5) Traditional Wood Print Textile
Cluster Development in Jaipure, India; and (6) Lacquerware Cluster Development in Wajima,
Japan.
The analytical work carried out in this undertaking rests with three main pillars,
which are identical with the areas of intervention: Policy making, Institution-building, and
Craft producers’ competitiveness improvement. While recognizing the development
objectives of (1) Inheritance of traditional skills and values, (2) Poverty reduction, and (3)
Improvement of trade balance, the dissertation identifies “living” preservation of traditional
crafts as the core development strategy. That means securing the production of traditional
crafts while meeting the market demand with the design and quality that the markets require.
The logical development process is to formulate a coherent policy through analyzing the
information reflecting the current state of art and implement various strategies applying a
participatory approach. Thus, project formulation requires the involvement of all the
stakeholders such as government officials of different levels, craftspersons, and international
NGOs. Furthermore, the public and private partnership is an indispensable development
element. With these underlying development elements in mind, the dissertation analyzes
specific problems as well as various development strategies and broadly presents the project
formulation factors. The last chapter summarizes the contents of each chapter and presents
the assessment and conclusions. Furthermore, it gives specific recommendations to
increase ODA and the effective implementation of Technical Cooperation (TC) projects in
this field. It also identifies the research fields to cover as a follow up to this dissertation.
Keywords: Project Formulation and Evaluation, Objective Oriented Project Planning,
Traditional Skills and Knowledge, Areas of Intervention as Policy Making,
Institution-building, and Craft Producers’ Competitiveness, “Living” Preservation of
Traditional Crafts, and Participatory Approach.

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Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, Boxes, and Photos 8
Abbreviations 11
Preface 12
Statement of Original Authorship 14
Acknowledgement 16

Chapter One: Introduction
1. Background to the Research 17
2. Purpose and Proposition 17
3. Rationale for the Research 17
4. Methodology 18
5. Outline of the Dissertation 19
6. Definition of Terminology 20
7. Delimitation of Scope 21
7.1. Targeted Crafts 21
7.2. Defined Artisan Crafts for Regional Development 23
7.3. Justifications for the Targeted Crafts 23
7.4. Areas of Intervention 23
8. Conclusions 24
9. Reference 24
Chapter Two: Problems and Development Issues
1. Overview 25
2. Attributes of the Targeted Crafts 25
3. Development Objectives of Artisan Crafts Promotion 28
3.1. Poverty Reduction in Regions 28
3.2. Preservation of Traditional Values 29
3.3. Developing Markets and Improving Trade Balance 30
4. Problems Facing Artisan Craft Development and Possible Areas of Intervention 30
4.1. Problems at Policy Level 30
4.2 Problems at Institution Level 32
4.3. Problems at Craft Producers Level 33
5. Causes and Effects of the Problems 36
6. Development Issues 37
6.1. Strengthening a Coherent Decision Making Basis 37
6.2. Strengthening HRD and Institution-building 38
6.3. Market Development 38
6.4. Maintaining a Cultural frame of Reference with Economic Implication 39
7. Conclusions 40
8. Reference 40
Chapter Three: Development Strategy Formulation
1.Overview 41
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2.Orientation of Strategy Formulation 41
3.Development Strategies 42
3.1. Policy Framework 43
3.1.1. Traditional Crafts
3.1.2. Innovative Handicrafts
3.2. Master Plan Study for Policy Formulation 45
3.3. Institution-building for an Integrated Promotional Center - a Traditional
Craft Village 46
3.3.1. Pre-investment Studies
3.3.2. Preoperational Assistance
3.4. Specific Profession Oriented Institutional-building 48
3.5. Private-led Promotional Activities 52
3.5.1. Cluster Development Approach
3.5.2. Embedded BDS Provided by International Retailers and NGOs
3.5.3. Establishing a Trademark and Brand Name
3.6. Market Development –Focusing on Domestic Market as a Prerequisite for
Export Market Penetration 56
3.7. On the Spot Trade Promotion 57
3.8 Strategic Alliance with Tourism 59
4. Promoting Linkages between Public and Private Partners 59
5. Conclusions 60
6. Reference 61
Chapter Four: Project Formulation and Evaluation
1. Overview 63
2. Project Development Cycle 63
3. OOPP Component Analysis 65
3.1. Stakeholders and Project Beneficiaries 65
3.2 Objective Analysis 66
3.2.1. Purposes at Policy Level
3.2.2. Purposes at Institution Level
3.2.3. Purposes at Craft Producers Level
3.3. Measurement 69
3.3.1. Measurements for the Projects at Policy Level
3.3.2Measurements for the Projects at Institution Level
3.3.3. Measurements for the projects at producers’ level
3.4 Activity Planning 77
3.4.1. Activities for Policy Formulation
3.4.2. Activities for Institution-building
3.4.3. Activities for Craft Producers’ Capacity Building.
3.5. Resource Analysis 80
3.6. Risk Analysis 81
4. Prototype Project 82
5. Conclusions 85
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6. References 85
Chapter Five: Case Studies on Policy Formulation and Fact Finding
1. Overview 87
2. Surveys on Minority Tribes traditional Craft Promotion in Viet Nam 87
2.1. Background 87
2.2. Selected Region - the Northern Mountainous Areas (NMA) 88
2.3. Survey Results 89
2.3.1. Traditional Crafts Investigated
2.3.2. Crafts Evaluation
2.3.3. Common Problems
2.3.4. Classification of Targeted Crafts
2.3.5. Promotional Strategies
2.4. Recommended Actions 103
3 A Fact Fining Survey for Project Identification in Lao PDR 104
3.1. Background 104
3.1.1. Objectives
3.1.2. Coverage of the Study
3.2. Attributes of Traditional Crafts 105
3.3. Attributes of Innovative Handicrafts 106
3.4. Policy and Support Programs 107
3.5. Significance of the Artisan Craft sector to the National Economy 107
3.6. Present Status of the Artisan Craft Sector 107
3.7. Identified problems 109
3.8. Development strategies: 110
3.8.1. Market Development Strategies
3.8.2. Rural industry development
3.8.3. Institution capacity building
3.8.4. Human Resource Development (HRD):
3.8.5 Preservation of Traditional Crafts and Possible Modification
3.9. Suggestions to the Government 113
4. Conclusions of the Chapter 133
4.1. Causes and Effects of the Problems 113
4.2. Follow-up Actions in Viet Nam 114
4.3. Project Formulation in Lao PDR 115
5. Special Acknowledgements 115
6. Reference 116
Chapter Six: Case Studies on Institution-building
1. Overview 117
2. A Case Study on Mishima Town 117
2.1.History 118
2.2.The Conceptual Background of the Folk Craft Hall 118
2.3.Promotional Activities 119
2.4.Results and Future Perspectives 120
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3. A Case Study on Asuke Yashiki 120
3.1. History 120
3.2. Outline of the Facility of Yashiki 122
3.3 Concept and Activities of Yashiki 122
3.4. Performance 122
3.5. Organizational Structure and Manpower 123
3.6. Results and Future Perspectives 124
4. A Pre-investment Study in Ninh Binh, Viet Nam 125
4.1. Rational for the Proposed Traditional Craft Village 125
4.2. Proposed Site 125
4.3. The Basic Construction Design and Layout of the Arts and Crafts Village 126
4.4. Activities 127
4.5. Sources of Revenue 130
4.5.1. Revenue from Admission Fees
4.5.2. Revenue from Sales of Souvenir and traditional crafts
4.5.3. Revenue from Sales for Food and Beverages
4.6. Land Development and Construction Costs 131
4.7. Initial Investment Costs 132
4.8. Cost of Raw Materials and Utility and Other Expenditure 132
4.9. Organization and Man Power Requirement 133
4.10. Manpower Costs. 133
4.11. Commercial Profitability 134
4.12 Social and Economic Effects 134
4.13. Pre-operational Advisory Service 134
4.13.1. Achievements
5. Conclusions 135
5.1. Socio-economic Problems in Rural Areas 135
5.2. Initiatives of External and Indigenous People 136
5.3. Common Success Elements 137
5.4. ODA Project Selection Criteria 137
6. Special Acknowledgement 137
7. Reference 138
Chapter Seven: Case Studies on Strengthening Craft Producers’ Competitiveness
1. Overview 139
2. Case Study on Traditional Textile Cluster Development in Jaipure, India 139
2.1. Description 139
2.2. Product Market Scope 140
2.3. Performance – as of 1997 140
2.4. Organization 141
2.5. Support Systems and Governance 142
2.6. Intervention 142
2.7. Cluster Broker 143
2.8. Achievement 143
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3. Case Study on Lacqureware Cluster in Wajima, Japan 144
3.1. Description 144
3.2. Product Market Scope 146
3.3. Performance 146
3.4. Organization 147
3.5. Support Systems and Governance 148
3.6. Intervention 149
3.7. Achievements 152
4. Conclusions 153
5. Special Acknowledgement 154
6. Reference 154
Chapter Eight: Assessment and Conclusions
1. Overview 155
2. Review of Main Chapters 156
2.1. Chapter Two: Problems and Development Issues 156
2.2. Chapter Three: Development Strategy Formulation 157
2.3. Chapter Four: Project Formulation and Evaluation 158
2.4. Chapters Five to Seven: Case Studies 161
2.4.1. Case Studies on Policy Formulation and Fact Finding
2.4.2. Case Studies on Institution-building
2.4.3. Case Studies on Craft Producers’ Competitiveness Improvement
3. Conclusions 166
3.1. Core Objectives 166
3.2. Underlying Notion 167
3.3. Sustainability 168
3.4. Lessons Learned 169
4. Recommendations to the Donor Community 173
5. Proposed Research Areas 175

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1: Production Location 22
Figure 1-2: Market Segmentation of Crafts 22
Figure 1-3: Three Levels of Intervention 23
Figure 2-1: Conventional Craft Marketing Concept 25
Figure 2-2: Identified Problems at Policy Level 36
Figure 2-3: Identified Problems at Institution Level 36
Figure 2-4: Identified Problems at Producers’ Level 37
Figure 3-1: Orientation of Artisan Craft Development Strategies 42
Figure 3-2: Roles of Craft Development Coordinators 51
Figure 3-3: Illustration of the Public and Private Partnership 60
Figure 4-1: An Example of Project Development Cycle at the National Level 65
Figure 4-2: Means and End Result Situations for Policy Formulation 67
Figure 4-3: Means and End Result Situations for Institution-building of HRD and BDS 68
Figure 4-4: Means and End Result Situation for Strengthening Craft Producers’ Competitiveness 69
Figure 4-5: An Example of a Spider Web Diagram for a Policy Formulation Project 71
Figure 4-6: An Example of a Spider Web Diagram for a Cluster Development Project 75
Figure 4-7: An Example of a Spider Web Diagram for a Proactive Utilization of Embedded BDS 76
Figure 6-1: Organizational Structure and Manpower, Yashiki 122
Figure 6-2: Organizational Structure and Manpower Requirement, Ninh Binh 131
Figure 7-1: Cluster Map of Jaipure Traditional Textile, India 141
Figure 7-2: Wajima Lacquerware Cluster Map 148
Figure 8-1: Causes and Effects of the Contents of the Dissertation and Corresponding Chapters 155

List of Tables

Table 3-1: An Example of Market Segmentation 57
Table 4-1: A Check List of Measurement Indicators for Policy Formulation 71
Table 4-2: A Check List of Measurement Indicators for Cluster Development and Proactive
Utilization of Embedded BDS 76
Table 5-1: Percentage of Poor Households in Different Regions 88
Table 5-2: Disadvantaged Upland Communes and Ethnic Minorities 89
Table 5-3: Classification of Investigated Crafts 97
Table 6-1: Number of Paid Visitors to Yashik 123
Table 6-2: Number of Vehicle Parked in Public Parking in Asuke 123
Table 6-3: Revenue Breakdown, November 1998 123
Table 6-4: Tourist Statistics: No. of Foreign visitors 130
Table 6-5: Number of Visitors to Different Theme Parks in Japan 130
Table 6-6: Revenue from Admission Fees 131
Table 6-7: Initial Investment Costs 132
Table 6-8: Equipment Costs 133
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Table 7-1: Number of Establishments and Craftspersons 147
Table 7-2: Sales Turnover 147

List of Boxes

Box 3-1: Accreditation System for Traditional Crafts 44
Box 3-2: Activities and Achievements of the Association 44
Box 3-3: Result of the Financial Analysis 47
Box 3-4: Summary of Viet Nam TC Project 48
Box 3-5: Summary of Jaipur Cluster Development, in India 51
Box 3-6: An Example of Market Segmentation Approach 57
Box 4-1: A Master Plan Study for Artisan Craft Sector Development 82
Box 4-2: Fact Finding Survey – Project Identification 83
Box 4-3: Establishing a Traditional Craft Village and Traditional Craft Accreditation Systems 84
Box 4-4: Cluster Development for the Selected Artisan Crafts 75
Box 5-1: Infrastructure Conditions in NMA 96

List of Photos

Photo 3-1: A Scenic View near the Proposed Site 47
Photo 3-2: The Grand Plan 47
Photo 3-3 and 3-4: Improved Crafts Sold in Export Markets 48
Photo 3-5: Improved Quality Textile, Mali 49
Photo 3-6: Promotional Materials 49
Photo 5-1: A Knife Produced by a Rural Blacksmith 90
Photo 5-2: Bamboo Baskets 91
Photo 5-3: A Bamboo Shoulder Sack 91
Photo 5-4: Woven Fabrics 92
Photo 5-5: Woven Fabrics 92
Photo 5-6: A Black Hmong Man in the Traditional Costume 92
Photo 5-7: A Black Hmong Woman in the Traditional Costume 92
Photo 5-8: A Flower Hmong Woman in the Traditional Costume 92
Photo 5-9: Bees wax Resist Dyeing 92
Photo 5-10: Bracelets 93
Photo 5-11: A Necklace 93
Photo 5-12: Craft Paper 94
Photo 5-13: Pottery products 94
Photo 5-14: Two Hand Bags and Pendant 101
Photo 5-15: A Small Bag, Flower Vase Mat, Round Coaster, and Cushion Cover 101
Photo 5-16: Illustrated Hotel Interior with Minority Tribes’ Crafts 102
Photo 5-17: Traditional Laotian Textile and Traditional Costume 106
Photo 5-18: Traditionally Designed and Woven, but Using Chemically Dyed Yarn 106
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Photo 5-19 and 5-20: Wood Crafts Produced by Machine Base-making 107
Photo 5-21: Imported Yarn from Viet Nam and Chemically Dyed Yarn 109
Photo 5-22: Women from Mountainous Areas Trained on Weaving in Vientiane 109
Photo 5-23 and 5-24: Poor Quality of Wood Chair made of Precious Raw Material Wood 110
Photo 5-25 and 5-26: Examples of Po sa Paper Products - not at the Level for International Markets 110
Photo 6-1: Entrance of the Folk Craft Hall 119
Photo 6-2: Woven Bags Made of kiroro/matatabi Bark Skins 120
Photo 6-3: An Original Image of Yashiki 121
Photo 6-4: An Overview of Yashik 121
Photo 6-5: An Image of the Main Gate 126
Photo 6-6: An Image of the R & D Centre and Exhibition 126
Photo 6-7: Work Studio 127
Photo 6-8: Work Studio 127
Photo 7-1: Hand-block Printed Textile 140
Photo 7-2: Hand-block Printed Textile 140
Photo 7-3: Long Production Process of Lacquer Bowls 145
Photo 7-4: Wajima Koubou Nagaya – Work Studios 148
Photo 7-5: An Image from the Pamphlet 148
Photo 7-6: Concept Formation for Wearing 150
Photo 7-7: Concept Formulation for Living 150
Photo 7-8: Idea Designing for Living 150
Photo 7-9: Concept Formation for Dinning 150
Photo 7-10: Flow of Production of Prototype Lacquer Bowls 150
Photo 7-11: PR Materials Prepared through the Program 151

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