Table Of ContentEFFECTIVE AND
SUSTAINABLE
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Edited by Andrew P. Bunger, John
McLennan and Rob Jeffrey
Effective and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45724
Edited by Andrew P. Bunger, John McLennan and Rob Jeffrey
Contributors
Mike Vincent, Xi Zhang, Rob Jeffrey, Safdar Abbas, Brice Lecampion, Xiaoxi Men, Chun'An Tang, Shanyong Wang, Y.P.
Li, Tao Yang, Tianhui Ma, Norman Warpinski, Dimitry Chuprakov, Olga Yurievna Melchaeva, Romain Prioul, Alexander
Linkov, Gennady Mishuris, Nikolai Weber, Bisheng Wu, Neda Zangeneh, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Sheik Rahman,
Andrei Kotousov, Michael Molenda, Sebastian Brenne, Ferdinand Stoeckhert, Michael Alber, Sergey Turuntaev, Evgeny
Zenchenko, Branko Damjanac, James Kear, Justine White, Andrew Bunger, Mir-Akbar Hessami, Mao Bai, Arturo Diaz,
John Mclennan, Juan Reyna, Tsuey Cham, Peter Stone, Lucas W Bazan, Bruce R Meyer, Olga Kresse, Xiaowei Weng,
Charles Cohen, Charles Fairhurst, Azadeh Riahi, Anthony Peirce, Emmanuel Detournay, Zuorong Chen, Christine
Detournay, Dmitry Garagash, Sau-Wai Wong, Mikhail Geilikman, Guanshui Xu, Arcady Dyskin, Hyunil Jo, Robert Hurt,
Yevhen Kovalyshen, Ian Walton, Jacob Bradford, Walter Glauser, Erfan Sarvaramini, Marte Gutierrez, Feng Gui, Neal
Nagel, Fengshou Zhang, Marisela Sanchez-Nagel, Byungtark Lee, Xavier Garcia, Reinhard Jung, S. Sengupta, Arshad
Islam, Antonin Settari, Reza Keshavarzi, Clem Rowe, Joel Adams, Arash Dahi Taleghani, Jon Olson, Mirko Van Der
Baan, Peter K. Kaiser, Benoit Valley, Damien Duff, Maurice B. Dusseault, Varahanaresh Sesetty, Ahmad Ghassemi,
Milind Deo, Farrokh Sheibani, Carl T. Montgomery, Barry Goldstein, G. Steyl
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Effective and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing, Edited by Andrew P. Bunger, John McLennan
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ISBN 978-953-51-1137-5
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Contents
Contents
Preface XIII
Section 1 Keynote Lectures 1
Chapter 1 HPFrryeadfcartauceuri lnXicgI I FIFrlaucidtus r e 3 Nucleation under Local Increase of Pore
Pressure – Implications for Induced Seismicity
Carl Montgomery
Prof. Jim Rice
Section 1 (Kleecytnuorete o Lnelyc)tures 1
Chapter 2 Fracturing Fluid Components 25
Chapter 1 CFraarcl tMuorinntgg oFmlueidrys 3
Carl Montgomery
Chapter 3 Fractures and Fracturing: Hydraulic Fracturing in
Chapter 2 JForaincttuedri nRgo cFklu i4d7 Components 25
CCharalr Mleso nFatgirohmuresrty
CChhaapptteerr 43 FFirvaec tTuhreinsg asn Ydo Fur aDcitdunri’nt gW: aHnytd troa uKlnico Fwra acbtuoruint gH yindraulic
FJoraincttuedre Rs o c8k1 47
VChinacrelenst FMai.r Ch.urst
CChhaapptteerr 54 EFiGvSe —Th Ginogosd Yboyue Doird Bna’tc kW taon tth teo F Kuntuorwe a 9b5out Hydraulic
RFreaincthuarreds J u 8n1g
Vincent M. C.
Chapter 6 Understanding Hydraulic Fracture Growth, Effectiveness, and
Chapter 5 SEaGfSe t—y TGhoroodubgyhe M oric Broasceki stom tich eM Fountiutorer i n 9g5 123
NReoirnmh aRr.d W Juanrpginski
CSehcatpiotenr 26 NUnatduerrasltlayn Fdraincgtu Hreydd rRaeusleicr vForaircst u1r e 1G3r7owth, Effectiveness, and
Safety Through Microseismic Monitoring 123
Chapter 7 DNoevrmel oRp. Wmaernpti nosfk Firacture Networks Through Hydraulic Fracture
Growth in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs 139
Section 2 XNia Zthuaranlgly a Fnrda cRtoubr eJedf fRreesyervoirs 1 137
Chapter 7 Development of Fracture Networks Through Hydraulic Fracture
Growth in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs 139
Xi Zhang and Rob Jeffrey
Contents VII
Chapter 8 Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Across a Weak Discontinuity
Controlled by Fluid Injection 157
Dimitry Chuprakov, Olga Melchaeva and Romain Prioul
Chapter 9 Effect of Flow Rate and Viscosity on Complex Fracture
Development in UFM Model 183
Olga Kresse, Xiaowei Weng, Dimitry Chuprakov, Romain Prioul and
Charles Cohen
Section 3 Regulations, Risks, and Communities 211
Chapter 10 Hydrochemical and Hydrogeological Impact of Hydraulic
Fracturing in the Karoo, South Africa 213
G. Steyl and G. J. van Tonder
Chapter 11 Regulatory Nirvana for Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation 239
Barry Goldstein, Michael Malavazos, Alexandra Wickham, Michael
Jarosz, Dominic Pepicelli, Mieka Webb and Dale Wenham
Chapter 12 How Can Understanding Community Concerns About
Hydraulic Fracturing Help to Address Them? 257
S.T. Cham and P. Stone
Section 4 Naturally Fractured Reservoirs 2 269
Chapter 13 Numerical Study of Interaction Between Hydraulic Fracture and
Discrete Fracture Network 271
Azadeh Riahi and Branko Damjanac
Chapter 14 Hydraulic Fracturing in Formations with Permeable Natural
Fractures 287
Olga Kresse and Xiaowei Weng
Chapter 15 Injection Modeling and Shear Failure Predictions in Tight Gas
Sands — A Coupled Geomechanical Simulation Approach 311
Arshad Islam and Antonin Settari
Chapter 16 The Role of Natural Fractures in Shale Gas Production 327
Ian Walton and John McLennan
VIII Contents
Section 5 Well Completions and Fracture Initiation 1 357
Chapter 17 Do Perforated Completions Have Value for Engineered
Geothermal Systems 359
Walter Glauser, John McLennan and Ian Walton
Chapter 18 Differentiating Applications of Hydraulic Fracturing 391
Joel Adams and Clem Rowe
Chapter 19 Initiation and Breakdown of an Axisymmetric Hydraulic
Fracture Transverse to a Horizontal Wellbore 401
Safdar Abbas and Brice Lecampion
Chapter 20 Hydraulic and Sleeve Fracturing Laboratory Experiments on 6
Rock Types 425
Sebastian Brenne, Michael Molenda, Ferdinand Stöckhert and
Michael Alber
Section 6 Induced Seismicity and Slip 437
Chapter 21 Microseismic Monitoring Developments in Hydraulic Fracture
Stimulation 439
Mirko van der Baan, David Eaton and Maurice Dusseault
Chapter 22 Blue Shift in the Spectrum of Arrival Times of Acoustic Signals
Emitted during Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing 467
Arcady V. Dyskin, Elena Pasternak, Andrew P. Bunger and James
Kear
Chapter 23 A Numerical Investigation of Fault Slip Triggered by Hydraulic
Fracturing 477
Neda Zangeneh, Erik Eberhardt, R. Marc Bustin and Amanda Bustin
Section 7 Well Completions and Fracture Initiation 2 489
Chapter 24 Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing in
Heterogeneous Rock: The Effect of Perforation Angles and
Bedding Plane on Hydraulic Fractures Evolutions 491
Xiaoxi Men, Chun’an Tang, Shanyong Wang, Yongping Li, Tao
Yang and Tianhui Ma
Contents IX
Chapter 25 Quantitative Evaluation of Completion Techniques on
Influencing Shale Fracture ‘Complexity’ 513
N. Nagel, F. Zhang, M. Sanchez-Nagel and B. Lee
Section 8 Flow Paths and Flow Networks 547
Chapter 26 Modeling of Proppant Permeability and Inertial Factor for
Fluid Flow Through Packed Columns 549
Bruce R. Meyer, Lucas W. Bazan and Doug Walls
Chapter 27 A New Approach to Hydraulic Stimulation of Geothermal
Reservoirs by Roughness Induced Fracture Opening 571
Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Sheik S. Rahman and Andrei
Kotousov
Chapter 28 Fracture Network Connectivity — A Key To Hydraulic
Fracturing Effectiveness and Microseismicity Generation 591
F. Zhang, N. Nagel, B. Lee and M. Sanchez-Nagel
Section 9 Multiscale Modeling 605
Chapter 29 Fluid-Driven Fracture in a Poroelastic Rock 607
Yevhen Kovalyshen and Emmanuel Detournay
Chapter 30 Pressurization of a PKN Fracture in a Permeable Rock During
Injection of a Low Viscosity Fluid 629
Erfan Sarvaramini and Dmitry I. Garagash
Chapter 31 Modified Formulation, ε-Regularization and the Efficient
Solution of Hydraulic Fracture Problems 641
Alexander M. Linkov and Gennady Mishuris
Section 10 Mulitiple Hydraulic Fracture Growth 659
Chapter 32 The Geomechanical Interaction of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
in Horizontal Wells 661
Sau-Wai Wong, Mikhail Geilikman and Guanshui Xu
Chapter 33 Numerical Simulation of Sequential and Simultaneous
Hydraulic Fracturing 679
Varahanaresh Sesetty and Ahmad Ghassemi
X Contents
Chapter 34 Three Dimensional Forms of Closely-Spaced Hydraulic
Fractures 693
James Kear, Justine White, Andrew P. Bunger, Rob Jeffrey and Mir-
Akbar Hessami
Section 11 Numerical Modeling 1 709
Chapter 35 The XFEM with an Explicit-Implicit Crack Description for
Hydraulic Fracture Problems 711
N. Weber, P. Siebert, K. Willbrand, M. Feinendegen, C. Clauser and
T. P. Fries
Chapter 36 An ABAQUS Implementation of the XFEM for Hydraulic
Fracture Problems 725
Zuorong Chen
Chapter 37 Stress Intensity Factor Determination for Three-Dimensional
Crack Using the Displacement Discontinuity Method with
Applications to Hydraulic Fracture Height Growth and Non-
Planar Propagation Paths 741
Farrokh Sheibani and Jon Olson
Section 12 Injection and Efficiency 771
Chapter 38 Secondary Fractures and Their Potential Impacts on Hydraulic
Fractures Efficiency 773
Arash Dahi Taleghani, Milad Ahmadi and J.E. Olson
Chapter 39 Importance of Fracture Closure to Cuttings Injection
Efficiency 793
Mao Bai, Arturo Diaz, John McLennan and Juan Reyna
Chapter 40 The Fate of Injected Water in Shale Formations 807
Hongtao Jia, John McLennan and Milind Deo
Section 13 Numerical Modeling 2 817
Chapter 41 Three-Dimensional Numerical Model of Hydraulic Fracturing in
Fractured Rock Masses 819
B. Damjanac, C. Detournay, P.A. Cundall and Varun
