effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on growth, yield and water productivity of

156 Pages·2016·4.82 MB·English

EFFECT OF SOIL AND CLIMATE
BASED DRIP IRRIGATION
SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD
AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF
RABI MAIZE

B.KEERTHANA
B.Sc. (Ag.)

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
AGRONOMY (WATER MANAGEMENT)

2014
EFFECT OF SOIL AND CLIMATE BASED DRIP
IRRIGATION SCHEDULES ON GROWTH,
YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI
MAIZE

BY
B.KEERTHANA
B.Sc. (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF

MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
AGRONOMY (WATER MANAGEMENT)

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. V. RAMULU

WATER TRCHNOLOGY CENTRE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030

2014
CERTIFICATE
Ms. B.KEERTHANA has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and
that thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL AND CLIMATE BASED DRIP IRRIGATION
SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI
MAIZE” submitted is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high
standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that neither the thesis
nor its part thereof has been previously submitted by him/her for a degree of any
University.

(Dr.V. RAMULU)
Date: Chairperson
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL AND CLIMATE
BASED DRIP IRRIGATION SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND WATER
PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI MAIZE” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of ‘Master of Science in Agriculture’ of the Acharya N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University, Hyderabad is a record of the bonafide original research work
carried out by Ms. B.KEERTHANA under our guidance and supervision.
No part of the thesis has been submitted by the student for any other degree or
diploma. The published part and all assistance received during the course of the
investigations have been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

CHAIRMAN
ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee

Chairperson Dr. V.RAMULU
Principal Scientist (Agronomy),
Water Technology Centre,
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, _________________
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad- 500 030.

Member Dr. V.PRAVEEN RAO
Registrar,
Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030. _________________

Member Dr. M.UMA DEVI
Principal Scientist (SS&AC),
Water Technology Centre,
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, _________________
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030.

Date of final viva-voce:
LIST OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-16
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 17-36
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 37-96
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 97-100
LITERATURE CITED 101-108
APPENDICES 109-131
DECLARATION
I, B.KEERTHANA, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL
AND CLIMATE BASED DRIP IRRIGATION SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD
AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI MAIZE” submitted to the Acharya N.G.
Ranga Agricultural University for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture is the
result of original research work done by me. I also declare that no material contained in the
thesis has been published earlier in any manner.

Place: Hyderabad (B.KEERTHANA)
Date: I.D. No. RAM/12-91
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
Physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the 19-20
3.1
experimental soil
3.2 Moisture retension characteristics of the experimental soil 21
3.3 Irrigation water quality analysis data 22
3.4 Details of irrigation schedules 23
3.5 Previous cropping history of the experimental field 23
3.6 N and K fertigation programme in maize (kg ha-1) 28
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on per 39
4.1
cent seedling emergence of maize during rabi, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on plant 40
4.2
height (cm) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on dry 43
4.3
matter production (g plant-1) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on leaf 46
4.4
area (cm2) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
4.5 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on days 49
to 50% flowering and days to maturity of maize during rabi, 2013-
14
4.6 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on crop 50
growth rate (g day-1m-2) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
4.7 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on leaf 52
area index of maize during rabi, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on leaf 55
4.8
area duration (days) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 57
No.of
4.9
cobs plant-1,Cob weight and grain weight of maize during rabi,
2013-14
4.10 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 61
Shelling % and test weight of maize during rabi, 2013-14
4.11 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on grain 64
yield, straw yield and harvest index of maize during rabi, 2013-14
4.12 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 68
SPAD meter readings (spad units) of maize during rabi, 2013-14
4.13 Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on total 70
water consumed and water productivity of maize during rabi,
2013-14
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure No. Title Page No.
Weekly meteorological data observed during the experimental 18
3.1
period during rabi, 2013-14
25
3.2 Lay-out plan of the experimental site
Schematic diagram showing installation of watermark sensors 27
3.3
in the root zone depth
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 41
4.1
plant height of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on dry 44
4.2
matter production of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on leaf 53
4.3
area index of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on cob 58
4.4
weight of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 59
4.5
grain weight of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 65
4.6
grain yield of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 66
4.7
straw yield of rabi maize, 2013-14
Effect of soil and climate based drip irrigation schedules on 71
4.8
water productivity of rabi maize, 2013-14
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 72
4.9 a 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at
20 cbars soil moisture potential
72
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of
4.9 b 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at
20 cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 73
4.9 c 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 30
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 73
4.9 d 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 30
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 74
4.9 e 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 40
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 74
4.9 f 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 40
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 75
4.9 g 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 50
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 75
4.9 h 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 50
cbars soil moisture potential
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 76
4.9 i 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 125 %
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 76
4.9 j 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 125 %
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 77
4.9 k 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 100 %
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 77
4.9 l 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 100 %
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 78
4.9 m 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 75%
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 78
4.9 n 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period at 75%
Epan replenishment
Soil moisture potential before irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 79
4.9 0 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period in surface
irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio
Soil moisture potential after irrigation in a soil depths of 0-20, 79
4.9 p 20-40, 40-60 cm recorded during crop growth period in surface
irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 81
4.10 a
during crop growth period at 20 cbars soil moisture potential
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 81
4.10 b
during crop growth period at 30 cbars soil moisture potential
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 82
4.10 c
during crop growth period at 40 cbars soil moisture potential
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 82
4.10 d
during crop growth period at 50 cbars soil moisture potential
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 83
4.10 e
during crop growth period at 125% Epan replenishment
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 83
4.10 f
during crop growth period at 100% Epan replenishment
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 84
4.10 g
during crop growth period at 75% Epan replenishment
Relative water content before and after each irrigation recorded 84
4.10 h during crop growth period in surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE
ratio
Regression of maize relative water content on soil moisture 85
4.11
potential
Regression of maize relative water content on crop 85
4.12
evapotranspiration
Regression of maize relative water content on leaf water 86
4.13
potential
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 88
4.14 a
during crop growth period at 20 cbars soil moisture potential
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 88
4.14 b
during crop growth period at 30 cbars soil moisture potential
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 89
4.14 c
during crop growth period at 40 cbars soil moisture potential
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 89
4.14 d
during crop growth period at 50 cbars soil moisture potential
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 90
4.14 e
during crop growth period at 125% Epan replenishment
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 90
4.14 f
during crop growth period at 100% Epan replenishment
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 91
4.14 g
during crop growth period at 75% Epan replenishment
Leaf water potential before and after each irrigation recorded 91
4.14 h during crop growth period in surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE
ratio
Regression of maize leaf water potential on soil moisture 92
4.15
potential
Regression of maize leaf water potential on crop 92
4.16
evapotranspiration
Relationship between ETo versus ETc in soil based irrigation 93
4.17
scheduling
Relationship between ETo versus ETc in climate based 93
4.18
irrigation scheduling