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EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON THE SUCROSE
PERCENTAGE OF SUGAR BEEPS
by
Kenneth Wilford Hill
A THESIS
Presented to the Feeulty of
The Graduate College In the University of Nebraska
In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Under the Supervision of Dr. T. A. Klesaelbaoh
Lincoln, Nebraska
June 80, 1951.
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UMI Number: DP13624
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ACK»0WL8DaSMElfr
The author vishea to expreaa hit gratitude to the
Experimental Farm Servloe for the provieion of the field
and laboratory faoilitiee with whioh theee inveetigationa
were oarried out. Aoknovledgement ie made also for the
adviee of Or. H. F. Rhoadea and the oontinued oounsel of
Or. f. A. Xieaeelbaeh.
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TABLE OP CONTENTS
Introduction....................... .................. 1
Literature Review............ 3
Influence of Nitrogen on Sucrose ...... 4
Influence of Nitrogen on Composition of the Beet... 8
Glutamic Acid Content of Sugar Beets ....... 9
Experimental Procedure ................................. 12
Field Experiments and Laboratory Analyses ............12
Description and History of Rotations ..... 12
Addition of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Rotations ..... 13
Supplementary Studies with Nitrogen Fertilizer .... 14
Soil Sampling Method......................... 14
Petiole Sampling Method ............ 15
Root Sampling Method.............. 15
Determination of Percentage Sucrose .......... 16
Determination of Dry Matter............. 16
Determination of Total Nitrogen ..... 16
Determination of Ash, Fat, and Fibre ........16
Greenhouse Experiment .......... 17
Microbiological Assay for Glutamic Acid .......... 20
Extraction Procedure ......... 20
Assay with Lactobacillus Arablnosus 17-5 ....... 21
Experimental Results ...... 25
Field Experiments and Laboratory Analyses ....... 25
Ten-year Average Yields and Sucrose Percentages ... 25
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Raaulta of Soil Analyaaa ..... 83
Ralationahlp batwaan Soil Ritrata and
Suoroaa Gontant .... 58
laislti of Patiola Analyaaa...... 38
Ralationahlp batwaan Patiola Rltrataa
and Sueroaa Gontant .... 54
Ralationahlp batwaan Total Kitrogan of
Patlolaa and Suoroaa Gontant .... 55
Sffaeta of Adding Nitrogan Partlllaar...... 37
Supplaaantary Studlaa with Rltrogan Partlllaar ... 41
Gorralatlona batwaan Plant Gonatltuanta...... 48
Ralationahlp batwaan Rltrogan and Suoroaa
Pareantagaa ..... 44
Ghamlaal Composition of Roota from Laguna
and Ron-Leguma Rotatlona...... 45
Raaulta of Graanhouaa Experiments ............. 48
Top Growth aa Affaotad by Rltrogan Supply ....... 48
Ghaaloal Analyaaa of Root Saotlona ......... 49
Xlerobiologleal Aaaay for Glutamic Aold ......... 51
Dlaouaalon ...... 56
Summary ..... 68
Lltaratura Gltad .... 65
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ISTRODUCTIOV
Extensive European and American investigations have
eetabllabed that a ralationahlp exlata between nitrogen
metabolism and suorose eontent In the augar beet* An
excessive amount of available nitrogen in the aoll la known
to decrease the aueroae peroentage of the augar beet orop
where aa plant a having only a United eupply of nitrogen
uaually eontain a high peroentage of aueroae but nay be
reduoed in yield*
In aone areaa applloationa of nanure or nltrogenoua
fertlliaer to augar beeta have been reported to depreaa the
aueroae eontent but experlnenta elaewhere have not aupported
theae findings. In Southern Alberta aueroae peroentage has
been reduoed In augar beeta grown after several years of
alfalfa but haa been unaffected by applloationa of manure.
This Investigation was initiated at the Dominion Experimental
Station, Lethbridge, Alberta, to study the relationship
between available aoll nitrogen and aueroae eontent of sugar
beeta under this northern oliaatle environment* The experi
ments were planned to afford a physiologic explanation of
this relationship as well as to provide information for the
guidance of augar beeta producers who desire to uae agronomic
practices which will result in a maximum production of augar
per aere*
Irrigation la praetioed extenaively in the Lethbridge
area and theae experiments were conducted on irrigated land*
The climate of the area la of the middle latitude ateppe type
and haa an average annual growing season of 141 daya. The
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