Table Of Content“Effect of moisture regimes and
levels of iron on growth and yield of
rice under aerobic condition”
BY
LIPIKA DAS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR
PUSA (SAMASTIPUR) - 848 125
2015
“Effect of moisture regimes and
levels of iron on growth and yield of
rice under aerobic condition”
BY
LIPIKA DAS
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR, PUSA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Masters of Science (Agriculture)
in
Agronomy
RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR.
PUSA (SAMASTIPUR) - 848 125
2015
Regd. No. M/Agro/33/2013-14 of R.A.U. Pusa
Dedicated
to
My Dear family
Whose sacrifices, love, perpetual affection,
everlasting blessings and constant
encouragement always inspired me to have
higher ambition in life.
..lipika das
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This manuscript has been prepared after months of hard labour
and rigorous exercise. Therefore I got this opportunity to acknowledge
all those who have been helpful in completion of this manuscript.
First of all I bestow myself to ‘The Almighty’ who gave me
strength and fortitude by which I could complete this strenuous work.
It gives me immense pleasure to gratefully acknowledge and
express my profound sense of gratitude and heartfelt devotion to my
major advisor Dr. Rajan Kumar, Jr. Sci-cum-Asstt. Professor,
Department of Agronomy, RAU, Pusa (Samastipur) for his learned
guidance, painstaking help, indefatigable efforts, unabiding interests,
close supervision and concrete suggestions during the course of
investigation and preparation of this manuscript. I consider myself
fortunate for getting the golden opportunity to learn under his valuable
guidance. I owe him much.
With the same spirit I express my profound sense of gratitude to
the members of my advisory committee Dr. Vinod Kumar, Chief
Scientist-cum-University Professor, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Vipin
Kumar, Jr. Sci-cum-Asstt. Professor, Department of soil science and
Dean’s nominee, Dr. Navnit Kumar, (SRI) Jr. Sci-cum-Asstt. Professor,
Department of Agronomy, RAU, Pusa for their valuable suggestion,
support and guidance at different stages of research and thesis writing.
I hold a great deal of admiration for respected teachers of my
department Dr. J. P. Singh, Dr. S. K. Choudhary, Dr. D. K. Roy and Mr.
Dharminder for their interest and concrete suggestions from time to
time.
I am extremely obliged to Dr. Ravi Nandan, chairman of
agronomy department, RAU, Pusa for his expert, sincere and valuable
guidance and encouragement extended to me.
I can never forget the motive force behind the completion of this
research work is the blessing of my lovely mother Mrs. Usha Rani Das
and my elder brother Manik Lal Das for their patience, untiring
support, faith, and everlasting love and much more than words can ever
RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR
PUSA (SAMASTIPUR) – 848 125
Name of the student : Miss Lipika Das
Registration number : M/Agro/33/2013-14
Major Advisor : Dr. Rajan Kumar
Degree to be awarded : Master of Science in Agriculture
Department : Agronomy
Major Subject : Agronomy
Minor Subject : Soil Science
Year : 2015
Number of pages : 72 + xii (Bibliography) + VI (Appendices)
Title of research problem : “Effect of moisture regimes and levels of
iron on growth and yield of rice under
aerobic condition”
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during
kharif season of 2014 to investigate the “Effect of moisture regimes and levels of iron on growth
and yield of rice under aerobic condition”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes i.e.
I (Irrigation at 10% moisture depletion of field capacity), I (Irrigation at 20% moisture depletion of
1 2
field capacity) and I (Irrigation at 30% moisture depletion of field capacity) and four levels of iron
3
F (Control), F (Basal application of 25 Kg FeSO +5 t/ha FYM), F (3 foliar application of 1%
1 2 4 3
FeSO at tillering, pre flowering and flowering stages) and F (3 foliar application of 2% FeSO at
4 4 4
tillering, pre flowering and flowering stages) was laid out in split plot design with three replication.
The test cultivar was RAU-4 of short duration variety. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam
in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH 8.6), low in available N (155 kg/ha), P O (20.23 kg/ha), K O
2 5 2
(120 kg/ha) and Fe (6.7 ppm).
The result showed that growth and yield attributes like Plant height, number of tillers/m2,
LAI, dry matter production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/day/m2), SPAD value, number of panicles/m2,
number of spikelets/panicle, fertile spikelets/panicle, grain and straw yields, N, P, K and Fe uptake
by rice grain and straw, water productivity, net return were found to be maximum with I moisture
1
regime which was significantly superior over I and I but was statistically at par with I in case of
2 3 2
plant height and Number of tillers/m2 at all growth stages. 1000- grain weight, harvest index, N, P
and K content in grain and straw and WUE were not influenced by moisture regimes. Net return and
net return per rupee investment were affected significantly due to moisture regimes. The maximum
net return and net return per rupee investment were fetched with I moisture regime which was
1
significantly superior over other treatments.
Growth and yield attributes like Plant height, number of tillers/m2, LAI, dry matter
production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/day/m2), SPAD value, number of panicles/m2, number of
spikelets/panicle, Fertile spikelets/panicle, grain and straw yields, Fe content in grain and straw, N, P,
K and Fe uptake by rice grain and straw, WUE were recorded with F level of iron which was
4
significantly superior over F and F but were statistically at par with F level of iron. 1000- grain
1 2 3
weight, harvest index, N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly due to levels
of iron. Water productivity, net return, net return per rupee investment was significantly influenced
by levels of iron. Maximum water productivity (4.38 /ha), net return (24598 /ha), net return per
rupee investment (0.80 /ha) were recorded with F level of iron which were significantly superior
3
over F and F but were statistically at par with F level of iron.
1 2 4
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1-3
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-13
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14-29
4. EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS 30-57
4.1 Growth parameters 30-39
4.1.1 P l a nt height (cm) 30-31
4.1.2 N u mber of tillers/m2 32-33
4.1.3 L e af area index (LAI) 33-34
4.1.4 D ry matter production (g/m2) 35-36
4.1.5 C r op growth rate (g/day/m2) 36-37
4.1.6 S P AD value 38-39
4.2 Yield attributes 39-42
4.2.1 N umber of panicle/m2 39-40
4.2.2 N umber of spiketets/panicle 40-41
4.2.3 N umber fertile spiketets/panicle 41
4.2.4 1 0 00-grain weight (g) 41-42
4.3 Yield studies 42-45
4.3.1 G rain yield (q/ha) 43-44
4.3.2 S t raw yield (q/ha) 44
4.3.3 H arvest index (%) 44-45
4.4 Irrigation studies 45-47
4.4.1 Water requirement (cm) 45
4.4.2 Water use efficiency (kg/ha-cm) 45-46
4.4.3 W a ter productivity (`/m3) 47
4.5 Chemical studies 47-53
4.5.1 N, P, K and Fe content in grain and straw 47-49
4.5.2 N , P, K and Fe uptake by grain 50-52
4.5.3 N , P, K and Fe-uptake by straw 52-53
4.6 Economics 54-57
4.6.1 54
Cost of cultivation (`/ha)
4.6.2 55
Gross return (`/ha)
4.6.3 55-56
Net return (`/ha)
4.6.4 N et return per rupee investment 56-57
5. DISCUSSION 58-67
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 68-72
BIBLIOGRAPHY i-xii
APPENDIX I-V
Description:In order to have a general idea of the cropping pattern of the experimental plot, cropping history from the last five year and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic system. Scientia Horticulturae 129: 396-02.
